Artificial Intelligence in Kidney Transplantation: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mowafa Househ ◽  
Asma Alamgir ◽  
Yasmin Abdelaal ◽  
Hagar Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Standardized Practice

BACKGROUND Artificial Intelligence technologies and big data have been increasingly used to enhance kidney transplant experts’ ability to make critical decisions and manage the care plan for their patients. OBJECTIVE To explore the use of AI technologies in the field of kidney transplantation as reported in the literature. METHODS Embase, CINAHL, PubMed and Google Scholar were used in the search. Backward reference list checking of included studies was also conducted. Study selection and data extraction was done independently by three reviewers. Data extracted was synthesized in a narrative approach. RESULTS Of 505 citations retrieved from the databases, 33 unique studies are included in this review. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the included studies were used to help with diagnosis (n= 16), used as a prediction tool (n=15) and, also for supporting appropriate prescription for kidney transplant patients (n = 2). The population who benefited from the technique included patients who underwent kidney transplantation procedure (n = 24) and those who are potential candidate (n=6). The most prominent AI branch used in kidney transplantation care was machine learning with Random Forest (n=11) being the most used AI model, followed by Linear Regression (n=6). CONCLUSIONS Conclusion: AI is extensively being used in the field of kidney transplant. However, there is a gap in research on the limitation and obstacles associated with implementing AI technologies in kidney transplant. There is a need for more research to identify educational needs and standardized practice for clinicians who wish to apply AI technologies in critical transplantation-related decisions.

scholarly journals Studying Risk Factors Association with Osteoporosis in Post Kidney Transplantation Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
Angham Ahmed Hasan ◽  
Munaf H. Zalzala ◽  
Abbas Al-Temimi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
T Score ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Medical City

Osteoporosis that associate with kidney transplantation is an important cause of ‎morbidity to ‎the patients that warranted extensive study about possible causes of ‎osteoporosis in order to ‎implement several steps to reduce this risk. The current work aimed to investigate possible association between post kidney ‎transplant ‎immunosuppression therapy type and developing the ‎osteoporosis and evaluate the bone mass by using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) post-renalal transplant. A case-control, conducted in kidney transplant center – medical city complex for ‎one year period (‎from October ‎‏2018‏‎ till April 2019), Seventy - five kidney ‎transplant patients were participated in the present study ‎including (21 females & ‎‎54 males). All ‎patients were examined for their bone density using DEXA scan (T – score) and ‎those with cut – point ≤- 2.5 were diagnosed as having osteoporosis (lumber and ‎hip bones were examined). The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was significantly higher in ‎transplant patients compared to control for bone lumber and hip bone (for ‎lumber bones: 33.3% vs 2.7%l for hip bones: 60% vs. 14.7%). T score was ‎significantly lower in the transplant patients compared to control for both lumber ‎‎(-1.9‎±0.8 vs. -1.1‎±0.7) and hip bones (-2.3‎±0.9 vs -1.3‎±0.8).‎ In logistic regression analysis; only gender and BMI were the predictors of ‎osteoporosis for spinal bone, while; the BMI and calcium were the predictors ‎of osteoporosis for hip bones. In ‏conclusion, Osteoporosis in post-renal transplant patients have a high rate of ‎osteoporosis compared to the general population, post-renal transplant drugs (Cyclosporine, MMF, etc.) did not increase the ‎risk of osteoporosis, and body mass index and female gender were risk factors for osteoporosis

Evaluation of Quality of Life among Kidney Transplant Patients- A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3087-3089
Author(s):  
Rashida Jabeen ◽  
Kousar Perveen ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Sadia Khan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Patients

Kidney transplantation is the famous and most important choice of treatment of renal replacement therapies (RRTs) because of its positive impact on morbidity, survival and cost. The health related quality of life is becoming important outcome. Quality of life is usually impaired in patients who have renal transplant because of renal transplant patients have anxiety, lack of social, physical and emotional support and diminished ability to take care of themselves. The basic purpose of renal transplantation is to achieve maximum quality of life with minimum side effects. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Rukhsana Akhtar Bahria International Orchard Hospital Lahore after approval from institution board of university of Lahore. 36 patients were enrolled in study by using purposive sampling technique. After taking informed consent all Kidney transplant patients aged between 18 years to 60 years, visited the post-transplantation OPD and continuously in follow-up sessions were included in study. A validated and standard WHO questionnaire of “Kidney Disease and Quality of Life (KDQOL-36™)” was used for data collection. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version.21.Chi-square test was applied to find out significant association between qualitative variables. P -Value < 0.05will be considered as statistically significant. Results: Majority of patients were from 40-49 years 10(27.0%). Females were more as compared to men (20(55.6) vs 16(44.4%)). 10(27.8) patients can read and write and 8(22.2%) have done matriculation. More patients live in Urban area as compared to rural area(19(52.8%) vs 17(47.2%)).8(22.2%) patients have less than 1 year of post kidney transplantation time and 19(52.8%) have 1 to 3 years. All the seven domains of KDQOL show poor QOL. General Health, Physical function and physical and emotional function shows average QOL and Emotional, social, daily activities and overall KDQOL shows poor QOL. There was insignificant association with age, gender, education; residential area and Post kidney transplantation length of time (years)(p-value > 0.05). Conclusions: After renal transplantation HRQOL becomes very important factor. After kidney transplantation HRQOL depends on many factors. It was concluded from current study that the HRQOL was not as good as it should be. Over the period of transplantation time patient’s quality of life remain same. The society, government, family, and medical staff need to support patients so they can also improve their QOL. Key word: Renal Diseases, Kidney transplant, Quality of life, KDQOL-36

Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Cardiac Arrest: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Alamgir ◽  
Osama Mousa 2nd ◽  
Zubair Shah 3rd
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Patients At Risk

BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening cessation of heart activity. Early prediction of cardiac arrest is important as it provides an opportunity to take the necessary measures to prevent or intervene during the onset. Artificial intelligence technologies and big data have been increasingly used to enhance the ability to predict and prepare for the patients at risk. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the use of AI technology in predicting cardiac arrest as reported in the literature. METHODS Scoping review was conducted in line with guidelines of PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). Scopus, Science Direct, Embase, IEEE, and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant studies. Backward reference list checking of included studies was also conducted. The study selection and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. Data extracted from the included studies were synthesized narratively. RESULTS Out of 697 citations retrieved, 41 studies were included in the review, and 6 were added after backward citation checking. The included studies reported the use of AI in the prediction of cardiac arrest. We were able to classify the approach taken by the studies in three different categories - 26 studies predicted cardiac arrest by analyzing specific parameters or variables of the patients while 16 studies developed an AI-based warning system. The rest of the 5 studies focused on distinguishing high-risk cardiac arrest patients from patients, not at risk. 2 studies focused on the pediatric population, and the rest focused on adults (n=45). The majority of the studies used datasets with a size of less than 10,000 (n=32). Machine learning models were the most prominent branch of AI used in the prediction of cardiac arrest in the studies (n=38) and the most used algorithm belonged to the neural network (n=23). K-Fold cross-validation was the most used algorithm evaluation tool reported in the studies (n=24). CONCLUSIONS : AI is extensively being used to predict cardiac arrest in different patient settings. Technology is expected to play an integral role in changing cardiac medicine for the better. There is a need for more reviews to learn the obstacles of implementing AI technologies in the clinical setting. Moreover, research focusing on how to best provide clinicians support to understand, adapt and implement the technology in their practice is also required.

Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis and Prediction of the Multiple Sclerosis Progression: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghassan Saad ◽  
Bassam Jaber ◽  
Maryam Al-Hajri ◽  
Mowafa Househ ◽  
Arfan Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Development Plans

BACKGROUND Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that results from the demyelination of the nerves in the Central Nervous System. The diagnosis depends on clinical history, neurological examination, and radiological images. Artificial Intelligence proved to be an effective tool in enhancing the diagnostic tools of MS. OBJECTIVE To explore how AI assisted in diagnosis and predicting the progression of MS. METHODS We used three bibliographic databases in our search: PubMed IEEE Xplore and Cochrane in our search. The study selection process included: removal of duplicated articles, screening titles and abstracts, and reading the full text. This process was performed by two reviewers. The data extracted from the included studies have been filled in an Excel sheet. This step had been done by each reviewer accordingly to the assigned articles. The extracted data sheet was checked by two reviewers to have accuracy ensured. The narrative approach is applied in data synthesis. RESULTS The search conducted resulted in 320 articles Removing duplicates and excluding the ineligible articles due to irrelevancy to the population, intervention, and outcomes resulted in excluding 299 articles. Thus, our review will include 21 articles for data extraction and data synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Artificial Intelligence is becoming a trend in the medical field. Its contribution in enhancing the diagnostic tools of many diseases, as in MS, is prominent and can be built on in further development plans. However, the implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Multiple Sclerosis is not widespread to confirm the benefits gained, and the datasets involved in the current practice are relatively small. It is recommended to have more studies that focus on the relationship between the employment of AI in diagnosis and monitoring progression and the accuracy gained by this employment.

scholarly journals Nursing Care for Kidney Transplant Patients: A Scoping Review

Aquichan ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Cintia Capistrano Teixeira Rocha ◽  
Alcides Viana da Lima Neto ◽  
Ana Beatriz Pereira da Silva ◽  
Victor Alexandre Silva Farias ◽  
Aurean D’Eça Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Kidney Transplant Patients ◽  
Selection Of

Objectives: Mapping nursing care in kidney transplant patients. Materials and method: A scoping review was conducted according to the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual. Data were collected through 13 national and international databases from December 2020 to January 2021, following scientific rigor in the selection of the material. The pre-selection was made by reading the title, abstract and introductory text in advance; the materials included in this stage were read in full to define the content for the study. Results: Fifteen studies were included. Of these, 60% are articles; dissertations, manuals, protocols, guidelines and bulletins totaled 40% of the material studied. 86.6% of the material has a quantitative approach. Regarding the methodological design, 73.3% were descriptive/transversal character studies. Regarding the mapping of nursing care, it was possible to divide them into two categories: nursing care after kidney transplantation (immediate, mediated and late) and nursing care after kidney transplantation in primary health/extra-hospital care. Conclusions: It is concluded that the study allowed mapping nursing care to kidney transplant patients in the immediate, late and primary health care periods.

scholarly journals Pretransplant dialysis treatment and vascular calcification of the iliac artery and abdominal aorta in kidney transplant patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Nakai ◽  
Shutaro Yamamoto ◽  
Megumi Inoue ◽  
Chiaki Kohara ◽  
Tomoya Shukuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Dialysis Modality ◽  
Dialysis Treatment ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Patients

Abstract Introduction Patients with chronic kidney disease often suffer from cardiovascular disease, and vascular calcification has been identified as one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to examine the effect of dialysis treatment before kidney transplantation on graft survival, vascular calcification, and its progression after kidney transplantation. Methods Among the 102 patients who underwent kidney transplant between 2008 and 2017, two patients were excluded for moved and lost to follow-up and primary nonfunction. The clinical characteristics and laboratory data were assessed according to pretransplant treatment modality. Rapid progression of vascular calcification was defined when patients showed an increase in the highest tertile of progression of each iliac artery calcification thickness (IACT) and aortic calcification index (ACI). Results Cox proportional hazard models did not show any significant association between pretransplant treatment modality and graft survival to the doubling of creatinine from nadir creatinine during the first 3 months after kidney transplantation. At baseline, the IACT was significantly higher in hemodialysis patients than in preemptive kidney transplant patients, whereas the ACI was comparable among the pretransplant treatment modality groups. IACT was independently associated with dialysis vintage. There was no significant association between rapid progression of vascular calcification (IACT and ACI) and dialysis modality. Conclusions Dialysis modality was an independent factor related to IACT, whereas there was no legacy effect for the progression of vascular calcification after kidney transplantation.

Use of Nurse Practitioners in Pediatric Kidney Transplant: A Model for Providing Comprehensive Care to Children and Families

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-311
Author(s):  
Jessica Brennan ◽  
Marilyn McEnhill
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Nurse Practitioner ◽  
Comprehensive Care ◽  
Pediatric Nurse ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Patients ◽  
Pediatric Nurse Practitioners

It is well documented that kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for children with end-stage renal disease. Pediatric kidney transplant patients are a complex population because of their need for lifelong immunosuppression, potential for delayed growth and development, and increased risk of heart disease and cancer. Although many large pediatric kidney transplant programs use nurse practitioners, the role of the nurse practitioner is still emerging in relation to the transplant coordinator role. This article describes the practice of pediatric nurse practitioners caring for children who require a kidney transplant and why nurse practitioners are ideal for providing comprehensive care to this population. Transplant programs are regulated by the United Network for Organ Sharing and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Both organizations require transplant programs to designate a transplant coordinator with the primary responsibility of coordinating clinical aspects of transplant care. Incorporating transplant coordinator activities into the role of the pediatric nurse practitioner is discussed as a model for providing care throughout the process of kidney transplantation. Transplant pediatric nurse practitioners are in a unique position to expand the care for pediatric kidney transplant patients by assuming the role of clinician, educator, administrator, and coordinator.

POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT LAPAROTOMY: QUADRATUS LUMBORUM BLOCK AS AN ALTERNATIVE

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
DITA ADITIANINGSIH ◽  
PRYAMBODHO ◽  
RONALD CHRISTIAN AGUSTINUS ARITONANG ◽  
ERIKA SASHA ADIWONGSO
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Postoperative Pain Management ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Quadratus Lumborum Block ◽  
Quadratus Lumborum ◽  
Postoperative Morphine

Objective: Effective postoperative pain management promotes better recovery. Continuous epidural (CE) is the standard postoperative analgesia for kidney transplantation; however, patients still report pain and unfavorable side effects. This present study compares the effectiveness of quadratus lumborum block (QLB) versus CE for managing pain and reducing morphine requirements following kidney transplantation. Methods: This randomized-controlled study compared 37 kidney transplant patients: a QLB group (N=19) who received 20 ml 0.375% ropivacaine injection bilaterally and a CE group (N=18) who received 0.2% ropivacaine epidurally by infusion at 6 ml/h. Participants were assessed at 2, 6, 12, and 24h postoperatively for morphine requirements and with a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain while resting and moving. Results: The VAS scores when resting and moving were similar for both QLB and CE at all-time points (p>0.05 for both treatments). Postoperative morphine requirements also did not differ (p>0.05) between the two groups at any time point. Both groups had similar first-time morphine requirements (802.63 min for QLB vs 871.39 min for CE, p=0.814). Both groups achieved 100% blockade at the level of T10–L1 and had comparable Bromage and Ramsay scores. Conclusion: QLB appears to be a viable alternative approach to CE for pain management after kidney transplantation.

scholarly journals Impact of Timely Public Health Measures on Kidney Transplantation in Austria during the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak—A Nationwide Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3465
Author(s):  
Bruno Watschinger ◽  
Clara Watschinger ◽  
Roman Reindl-Schwaighofer ◽  
Elias L. Meyer ◽  
Andras T. Deak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Patients ◽  
The Government ◽  
Considerable Morbidity

SARS-CoV-2 led to considerable morbidity/mortality worldwide and tremendously impacted on daily life. Strict lockdown measures were implemented early to contain the viral outbreak in Austria. Massive changes in organizational structures of healthcare facilities followed with unclear implications on the care of non-COVID-19-affected patients. We studied the nationwide impact of COVID-19 on kidney transplantation in Austria during the first six months of 2020. Concurrent with general lockdown measures, all kidney transplant activity was suspended from 13 March to 9 April. Nevertheless, between January and June, total transplant (p = 0.48) and procured donor organ numbers (p = 0.6) did not differ significantly from earlier years. Ten (0.18%) of 5512 prevalent Austrian kidney transplant recipients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. The case fatality rate (one death; 10%) in renal transplant patients was less than in other countries but higher than in Austria’s general population (2.4%). We conclude that early and strict general lockdown measures imposed by the government allowed an early, however cautious, re-opening of Austrian transplant programs and played a crucial role for the favorable outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 in Austrian kidney transplant patients. Even though it may be uncertain whether similar results may be obtainable in other countries, the findings may support early intervention strategies during similar episodes in the future.

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