scholarly journals Regulation and Ethics in Business: The Israeli Bank-Share Case

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-320
Author(s):  
Aviva Geva
Keyword(s):  
Phase Model ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Business Regulation ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Ethical Decisionmaking

This article analyzes the early-1980s Israeli bank-share crash at different points of its development to demonstrate the vital contribution of managers' professional and personal ethical norms to a fruitful collaboration between government authorities and the business sector. After presenting the case and discussing pertinent problems of external versus internal business regulation, this article provides a phase model of ethical decisionmaking in business that reconstructs the moral problems faced by the major players and probes appropriate responses to these problems. The application of the model to the bank-share affair shows how different stages in the evolution of the crisis introduce different ethical problems, inviting different moral considerations and calling for different solutions.

Moral Decision Making in Business: A Phase-Model

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviva Geva
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Problem ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Ethical Problems

Abstract:The traditional model of ethical decision making in business suggests applying an initial set of principles to a concrete problem and if they conflict the decision maker may attempt to balance them intuitively. The centrality of the ethical conflict in the accepted notion of “ethical problem” has diverted the attention of moral decision modelers from other ethical problems that real-world managers must face—e.g., compliance problems, moral laxity, and systemic problems resulting from the structures and practices of the business organization. The present article proposes a new model for ethical decision making in business—the Phase-model—designed to meet the full spectrum of business-related ethical problems. Drawing on the dominant moral theories in business literature, the model offers additional strategies for tackling ethical issues beyond the traditional cognitive operations of deductive application of principles to specific cases and the balancing of ethical considerations. Its response to the problems of moral pluralism in the context of decision making lies in its structural features. The model distinguishes between three phases of the decision-making process, each having a different task and a different theoretical basis. After an introductory stage in which the ethical problem is defined, the first phase focuses on a principle-based evaluation of a course of action; the second phase provides a virtue-based perspective of the situation and strategies for handling unsettled conflicts and compliance problems; and the third phase adapts the decision to empirical accepted norms. An illustrative case demonstrates the applicability of the model to business real life.

scholarly journals Managing Robots in Healthcare

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feride Eşkin Bacaksız ◽  
Metin Yılmaz ◽  
Kalbinur Ezizi ◽  
Handan Alan
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Industrial Evolution ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Autonomous Decision ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Robot Cooperation

Industry 4.0, which is expressed with similar words such as Digital Transformation, Digitalizing Industry and Fourth Industrial Evolution, is developing a revolution in the fields of service by affecting the economy and all sectors of the world. As one of the most significant developments of Industry 4.0, human-robot cooperation is used in different business areas, but its use in the health sector is becoming more widespread. Robots, also referred to as iron-collar workers, are becoming more reliable in treatment and care by being equipped with advanced features and skills that people have, therefore their availability is increasing. On the other hand, the use of humanoid robots in nursing care will bring about ethical and moral problems such as employment of nurses, autonomous decision making of robots and being responsible for this. In this article, it was aimed to review the current usage and importance of robots in various sectors; especially in the health sector, the attitude of the employees in working with robot workers and robot managers, the potential advantages and disadvantages of the robots in the sector, and the introduction of current moral and ethical problems that may arise.

Prevention of Unethical Actions in Nursing Homes

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Merethe Solum ◽  
Åshild Slettebø ◽  
Solveig Hauge
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Discourse Ethics ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Daily Care ◽  
Moral Problems

Ethical problems regularly arise during daily care in nursing homes. These include violation of patients' right to autonomy and to be treated with respect. The aim of this study was to investigate how caregivers emphasize daily dialogue and mutual reflection to reach moral alternatives in daily care. The data were collected by participant observation and interviews with seven caregivers in a Norwegian nursing home. A number of ethical problems linked to 10 patients were disclosed. Moral problems were revealed as the caregivers acted in ways that they knew were against patients' interest. We used a theoretical interpretation according to Habermas' discourse ethics on the importance of dialogue when deciding moral courses of action for patients. This theory has four basic requirements: communicative competence, equality, self-determination, and openness about motives.

Agency, Information, and the Structure of Moral Problems in Business

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan W. Husted
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Information Economics ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Principal Agent Model

Many ethical problems in business can be characterized as having elements of incomplete and/or asymmetric information. This paper analyzes such problems using information economics and the principal-agent model. It defines the nature of moral problems in business and then applies principal-agent models involving adverse selection and moral hazard to these problems. Possible solutions to conditions of information asymmetry are examined in order to support the development of organizational virtue.

scholarly journals Gender Stereotyping of Robotic Systems in Eldercare: An Exploratory Analysis of Ethical Problems and Possible Solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merle Weßel ◽  
Niklas Ellerich-Groppe ◽  
Mark Schweda
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Stereotyping ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Care Robots ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Leading Question ◽  
Care And Justice

AbstractSocio psychological studies show that gender stereotypes play an important role in human-robot interaction. However, they may have various morally problematic implications and consequences that need ethical consideration, especially in a sensitive field like eldercare. Against this backdrop, we conduct an exploratory ethical analysis of moral issues of gender stereotyping in robotics for eldercare. The leading question is what moral problems and conflicts can arise from gender stereotypes in care robots for older people and how we should deal with them. We first provide an overview on the state of empirical research regarding gender stereotyping in human-robot interaction and the special field of care robotics for older people. Starting from a principlist approach, we then map possible moral problems and conflicts with regard to common ethical principles of autonomy, care, and justice. We subsequently consider possible solutions for the development and implementation of morally acceptable robots for eldercare, focusing on three different strategies: explanation, neutralization, and queering of care robots. Finally, we discuss potentials and problems associated with these three strategies and conclude that especially the queering of robotics and the idea of a gender-fluid robot offers an innovative outlook that deserves closer ethical, social, and technological examination.

scholarly journals Meaning of Ethics Codes for Members of the Legal Profession

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Keyword(s):  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Ethics Codes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Professional Codes ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Legal Professions ◽  
Key Aspects

Every lawyer often faces ethical and moral problems. Consequently, the special acts – codes of ethics – were developed and accepted for the purpose of regulation of ethics, moral, honor and debt matters for representatives of the legal professions. The purpose of the article is the investigation of the key aspects of codifiation of ethical norms regulating the different types of professional activity of lawyers. The description and brief analysis of codes of ethics for representatives of various legal professions are given on the basis of comparative methodology. The authors point out that there is no professional code of ethics for a police offier and specify the reasonability of its development. A conclusion is made about importance of observation of professional codes of ethics for lawyers, their role and signifiance in regulation of professional activity of lawyers.

Ethics for Everyone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry R. Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Basic Skills ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
Ethical Life ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Ethical Thinking ◽  
Moral Certainty ◽  
Definition Of

This book argues that an ethical life is more about mastering basic skills than applying theories. It describes the basic skills as follows: interrogating our moral prehistories; taming moral vanity and recognizing others; giving up the comforts of moral certainty; learning from our feelings; thinking slowly; expanding the reach of our empathy; claiming our own moral authority; linking goodness with happiness; and story-making at intersecting life trajectories. Nineteen exercises for better understanding and using these skills are provided. Five common pitfalls of ethical thinking are defined and explored. These are the trap of either/or thinking; expecting too much from moral theory; the desire for a unifying definition of ethics; restricting what experiences have more weight; and treating mysteries as moral problems. Concepts fundamental to ethics are emphasized in terms of their practical use. Among these are some that are typically neglected in ethics texts, such as forgiveness, love, spirituality, hope, and death. The use of the skills and concepts is illustrated for matters that extend beyond-the-lifespan, notably for the ethical problems of global warming. In the final chapter, 12 cases are provided, along with a section describing how to critically interrogate cases for bias. Throughout the book there is an emphasis on the way changes over the lifespan require rethinking ethical values.

Ethical Self-Evidence and the Principle of Proportionality: Two Fundamental Ethical Principles Applied to a Psychiatric Case Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Andrade ◽  
Oscar Ugalde
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Ethical Question ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Medical Associations ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
Ethical Systems

When confronting ethical problems, clinicians generally feel both unprepared as well as in need of orientation. Ethical norms issued by medical associations are necessary and helpful but insufficient: by definition, codes and norms arepreethical; that is, they establish guidelines before the truly ethical question even arises. To arrive at a clear ethical formulation and to bridge the gap between a set of rules and their application in particular cases are essential. This article discusses some problems with ethical systems and then demonstrates that it is possible to formulate two fundamental ethical principles—ethical self-evidence and the principle of proportionality—applicable to treatment situations in a process of effective practical reasoning. Such a process forms an integral part of the doctor–patient relationship and can be practiced individually, and in staff and treatment sessions. The principles and the reasoning process are valid in all medical and mental health fields. The example shown here is their application in psychiatry, specifically, in a case of Huntington’s disease.

scholarly journals Handling ethical problems in counterterrorism: An inventory of methods to support ethical decisionmaking

10.7249/rr251 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anais Reding ◽  
Anke Van Gorp ◽  
Kate Cox ◽  
Agnieszka Walczak ◽  
Chris Giacomantonio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Ethical Decisionmaking

scholarly journals Some Moral and Ethical Problems of Conducting Investigative Actions Involving Representatives of Ethnic Minorities in Criminal Proceedings

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Roman Kuleshov ◽  
Elena Foygel
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Conflict Situation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Subjective Significance

The article focuses on ethical problems of ordering and conducting investigation search activities that, due to the dominant type of activity, include a forensic examination of a dead body and exhumation, and involve representatives of some ethnicities and ethnic groups. It is stated that although these investigative actions are in some cases obligatory, the investigation does not always have an opportunity to carry them out due to active counteraction of the deceased person’s relatives connected with the necessity of observing ethnic-religious rites and traditions on preserving and burying the body. The authors analyze the subjective significance of observing moral and ethical norms for the victims and other representatives of the diaspora, explain the position taken by the relatives, outline the consequences of ignoring these ethnic-religious norms. Based on the necessity of resolving a conflict situation, they offer recommendations on overcoming it though specially developed tactical steps.

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