Biodiesel Production from Jatropha curcas Oil Using Potassium Carbonate as an Unsupported Catalyst

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinmoy Baroi ◽  
Ernest K Yanful ◽  
Maurice A. Bergougnou
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Unsupported Catalyst

Jatropha curcas (JTC) oil, an inedible vegetable oil, can be a substitute feedstock for traditional food crops in the production of environment friendly and renewable fuel (biodiesel). In the present study, unsupported potassium carbonate was used as a catalyst to provide an understanding of the catalytic activity in the transesterification reaction. Researching the potential and the behavior of potassium carbonate is very important because every biomass ash contains this compound in a significant amount. It can be extracted by using classical extraction or leaching technologies. During the biodiesel production reaction, the formation of soap as a byproduct was also monitored using the FTIR-ATR method. From this study it was observed that the transesterification of JTC oil to JTC biodiesel appeared to be complete within 15 minutes when a 5 wt% (based on the wt. of the oil) potassium carbonate, 6:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 60°C or a 4 wt% potassium carbonate, 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio and 60°C reaction temperature were used.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Melia azedarach and Ricinus communis Oil by Transesterification Process

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
Sa’ed A Musmar ◽  
Faryal Kabir ◽  
Iram Batool ◽  
Muhammad Asif Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Edible Crops ◽  
American Society

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel usually produced from vegetable oils and animal fats. This study investigates the extraction of oil and its conversion into biodiesel by base-catalyzed transesterification. Firstly, the effect of various solvents (methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, di-ethyl ether) on extraction of oil from non-edible crops, such as R. communis and M. azedarach, were examined. It was observed that a higher concentration of oil was obtained from R. communis (43.6%) as compared to M. azedarach (35.6%) by using methanol and n-hexane, respectively. The extracted oils were subjected to NaOH (1%) catalyzed transesterification by analyzing the effect of oil/methanol molar ratio (1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10) and varying temperature (20, 40, 60 and 80 °C) for 2.5 h of reaction time. M. azedarach yielded 88% and R. communis yielded 93% biodiesel in 1:6 and 1:8 molar concentrations at ambient temperature whereas, 60 °C was selected as an optimum temperature, giving 90% (M. azedarach) and 94% (R. communis) biodiesel. The extracted oil and biodiesel were characterized for various parameters and most of the properties fulfilled the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard biodiesel. The further characterization of fatty acids was done by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) and oleic acid was found to be dominant in M. azedarach (61.5%) and R. communis contained ricinoleic acid (75.53%). Furthermore, the functional groups were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The results suggested that both of the oils are easily available and can be used for commercial biodiesel production at a cost-effective scale.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF BIODIESEL FROM JATROPHA CURCAS OIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-281
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Laborde ◽  
Laura Ivana Orifici ◽  
José Alberto Bandoni ◽  
Medardo Serna Gonzalez ◽  
José María Ponce Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Jatropha Curcas Oil ◽  
Utility Cost

In this paper was assessed the potential of biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oil. The proposed process was simulated in the software Aspen Plus™ involving the stages of trans-esterification reaction, methanol recovering, purification of the obtained methyl esters, catalyst removing, purifying of glycerol and the energy integration through heat exchange networks (HEN). The biodiesel process was carried out through the catalytic reaction of transesterification of Jatropha oil with methanol using a molar ratio of methanol oil of 6:1, and with 1% w/w of NaOH (related to oil mass) as catalyst. Under these conditions, it is technologically feasible to carry out the production of biodiesel. With energy integration through the synthesis of HENs, reductions of 100% and 41.3% of hot and cold utilities were achieved. This way, the utility cost decreases 70.92%. The net present value (NPV) for the integrated process was 70.64% higher than the one corresponding to the non-integrated process under the same production conditions.

scholarly journals Oyster andPyramidellaShells as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Microwave-Assisted Biodiesel Production fromJatropha curcasOil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achanai Buasri ◽  
Tidarat Rattanapan ◽  
Chalida Boonrin ◽  
Chosita Wechayan ◽  
Vorrada Loryuenyong
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
Waste Shell

Microwave-assisted biodiesel production via transesterification ofJatropha curcasoil with methanol using solid oxide catalyst derived from waste shells of oyster andPyramidellawas studied. The shells were calcined at 900°C for 2 h and calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst characterizations were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements. The effects of reaction variables such as reaction time, microwave power, methanol/oil molar ratio, and catalyst loading on the yield of biodiesel were investigated. Reusability of waste shell catalyst was also examined. The results indicated that the economic and environmentally friendly catalysts derived from oyster andPyramidellashells showed good reusability and had high potential to be used as biodiesel production catalysts under microwave-assisted transesterification ofJatropha curcasoil with methanol.

Jatropha curcas L.: A Non-food Oil Source for Optimized Biodiesel Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-458
Author(s):  
Tahir Mehmood Tahir Mehmood ◽  
Adeela Naseem Adeela Naseem ◽  
Farooq Anwar Farooq Anwar ◽  
Mudassir Iqbal and Muhammad Ashraf Shaheen Mudassir Iqbal and Muhammad Ashraf Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Quadratic Term ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Jatropha Curcas Oil

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied based on central composite rotatable design (CCRD) to optimize transesterification reaction parameters for obtaining optimal biodiesel yield from Jatropha curcas oil. Transesterification variables such as: catalyst concentration (CC) (0.16-2%), reaction temperature (RT) (40-65and#176;C), molar ratio of oil and methanol (0.95-11.5), and reaction time (30-140 min) were optimized via RSM involving 24 full factorial CCRD design. The molar ratio of methanol to oil and RT were the most significant (pandlt; 0.5) factors affecting the yield of Jatropha curcas oil methyl esters (JOMEs). A linear relationship was recorded between the observed and predicted values (R2 = 0.766). Using multiple regression analysis, a quadratic polynomial equation was constructed to predict JOMEs yield. The quadratic term of molar ratio showed a significant impact on the JOMEs yield. The interaction terms of molar ratio and CC with reaction time exhibited positive impact on ester yield (pandlt; 0.05). The optimum reaction conditions including CH3OH to oil ratio of 6:1, 1.0 % CC, 60 and#176;C RT and 60 min reaction time offered the highest yield of JOMEs (99.90%). JOMEs were analytically characterized using GLC and FTIR. The fuel properties of produced JOMEs were in accordance to ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards.

scholarly journals Rapid Alcoholysis of Jatropha Curcas Oil for Biodiesel Production Using Ultrasound Irradiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Muh. Irwan ◽  
Hamdani Saidi ◽  
M. A. Rachman ◽  
Ramli Ramli ◽  
Marlinda Marlinda
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Jatropha Curcas Oil ◽  
Tert Butanol ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

The biodiesel synthesis through alcoholysis process of triglyceride from Jatropha curcas using different type of alcohol, such as: methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and tert-butanol, was conducted in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst under 35 kHz frequency ultrasound irradiation. The optimum conditions, such as: alcohol to jatropha oil molar ratio, concentration of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time, were found  to be 7:1 of alcohol to jatropha oil molar ratio, 0.5 % of KOH, temperature of reaction at 35 0C, within the reaction times of 15 minutes. The results obtained for the different types of alcohol were 62.77 %, 57.93 %, 51.64 %, and 46.77 % for methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and tert-butanol, respectively. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 11st November 2016; Revised: 8th March 2017; Accepted: 9th March 2017; Available online: 27th October 2017; Published regularly: December 2017How to Cite: Irwan, M., Saidi, H., Rachman, M.A., Ramli, R., Marlinda, M. (2017). Rapid Alcoholysis of Jatropha Curcas Oil for Biodiesel Production Using Ultrasound Irradiation. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12 (3): 306-311 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.3.801.306-311) 

scholarly journals Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives from Residual Glycerine Using Biocatalysts Obtained from Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Jatropha curcas L. Roots

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan García-Martín ◽  
Francisco Alés-Álvarez ◽  
Miguel Torres-García ◽  
Chao-Hui Feng ◽  
Paloma Álvarez-Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Heterogeneous Biocatalysts ◽  
Oxygenated Fuel

This work aims to shed light on the use of two biochars, obtained from the pyrolysis at 550 °C of heavy-metal-contaminated Jatropha curcas L. roots, as heterogeneous catalysts for glycerol esterification using residual glycerine. To do this, glycerine from biodiesel production was purified. In a first step, H3PO4 or H2SO4 was used to remove non-glycerol organic matter. The glycerol-rich phase was then extracted with ethanol or propanol, which increased the glycerol content from 43.2% to up to 100%. Subsequently, the esterification of both purified glycerine and commercial USP glycerine was assayed with acetic acid (AA) or with acetic anhydride (AH) at 9:1 molar ratio to glycerol using Amberlyst-15 as catalyst. Different reaction times (from 1.5 to 3 h) and temperatures (100–115 °C when using AA and 80–135 °C when using AH) were assessed. Results revealed that the most suitable conditions were 80 °C and 1.5 h reaction time using AH, achieving 100% yield and selectivity towards triacetylglycerol (TAG) almost with both glycerines. Finally, the performance and reuse of the two heterogeneous biocatalysts was assessed. Under these conditions, one of the biocatalysts also achieved 100% TAG yield.

Transesterification of Jatropha Curcas Oil to Biodiesel by Using Short Necked Clam (Orbicularia Orbiculata) Shell Derived Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.H. Taufiq-Yap ◽  
H.V. Lee ◽  
P.L. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Clam Shell ◽  
Jatropha Curcas Oil ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Acid Methyl

Investigation has been conducted to develop an environmental friendly and economically feasible process for biodiesel production. Natural short necked clam shell was utilized as calcium oxide (CaO) source for transesterification of non-edible Jatropha curcas oil to biodiesel. The powdered clam shell was calcined at 900°C for 3 h to transform calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in shell to active CaO catalyst. The effect of catalyst loading, methanol to oil molar ratio and reaction time on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield was investigated. Under optimal condition, biodiesel yield achieved 93% within 6 h at 65°C. As a result, the catalytic activity of waste clam shell-derived catalyst is comparable to commercial CaO catalyzed reaction. Hence, it can be used as another renewable yet cost-effective catalyst source for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Kinetic Studies of Biodiesel Production from Jatropha curcas Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Ejiro Thelma Akhihiero ◽  
Bamidele Victor Ayodele ◽  
May Ali Alsaffar ◽  
T. O.K. Audu ◽  
E. O. Aluyor
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Consecutive Reaction ◽  
First Order ◽  
Jatropha Seed

The world is confronted with the twin crisis of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation caused by fossil fuel usage. Biodiesel produced from renewable feedstocks such as Jatropha seed oil or animal fats by transesterification offers a solution. Although biodiesel has been produced from various vegetable oils such as Jatropha seed oil, the reaction kinetics studies are very few in literature, hence the need for this study. Jatropha curcas seed oil was extracted and analyzed to determine its free fatty acid and fatty acid composition. The oil was transesterified with methanol at a molar ratio of methanol to oil 8:1, using 1% sodium hydroxide catalyst, at different temperatures ranging from 32oC to 65oC, at atmospheric pressure. The order of the reactions with respect to the triglyceride's disappearance in the forward reaction at the chosen temperatures was found to be pseudo-first-order and found to be first-order for the reaction at 32oC. The rate constants of the three consecutive reaction steps at 65oC, namely, triglyceride to diglyceride, diglyceride to monoglyceride, and monoglyceride to glycerol, were found to be 0.422 min-1 0.117 min-1, and 0.037min-1, respectively. Their corresponding activation energies in J/mol were 22.165, 3.136, and 19.770, respectively.

Preparation of KI-Impregnated Razor Clam Shell as a Catalyst and its Application in Biodiesel Production from Jatropha curcas Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achanai Buasri ◽  
Pittayarat Chaibundit ◽  
Metawee Kuboonprasert ◽  
Arnan Silajan ◽  
Vorrada Loryuenyong
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Clam Shell ◽  
Razor Clam

Nowadays, utilization of biomass is considered to have the potential to solve many environmental problems and provide a source of renewable and environmentally-friendly energy. Research on green and low cost catalysts is needed for economical production of biodiesel. The goal of this work was to test potassium iodide (KI)-impregnated calcined razor clam shell as a heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil in a microwave reactor. The effects of different preparation conditions on biodiesel yield were investigated and the structure of the catalyst was characterized. The raw material and the resulting solid catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The waste shell displays a typical layered architecture. The sample had the surface area 16.51 m2/g, pore diameter 22.18 nm and pore volume 0.14 cm3/g, and presented a uniform pore size. The highest fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield of 96.99% for potassium iodide-calcium oxide (KI-CaO) catalyst was obtained under the optimum condition (reaction time 5 min, microwave power 600 W, methanol/oil molar ratio 12:1, and catalyst dosage 3 wt%). It was showing potential applications of catalyst in biodiesel industry.

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