Transesterification of Jatropha Curcas Oil to Biodiesel by Using Short Necked Clam (Orbicularia Orbiculata) Shell Derived Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.H. Taufiq-Yap ◽  
H.V. Lee ◽  
P.L. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Clam Shell ◽  
Jatropha Curcas Oil ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Acid Methyl

Investigation has been conducted to develop an environmental friendly and economically feasible process for biodiesel production. Natural short necked clam shell was utilized as calcium oxide (CaO) source for transesterification of non-edible Jatropha curcas oil to biodiesel. The powdered clam shell was calcined at 900°C for 3 h to transform calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in shell to active CaO catalyst. The effect of catalyst loading, methanol to oil molar ratio and reaction time on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield was investigated. Under optimal condition, biodiesel yield achieved 93% within 6 h at 65°C. As a result, the catalytic activity of waste clam shell-derived catalyst is comparable to commercial CaO catalyzed reaction. Hence, it can be used as another renewable yet cost-effective catalyst source for biodiesel production.

Preparation of KI-Impregnated Razor Clam Shell as a Catalyst and its Application in Biodiesel Production from Jatropha curcas Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achanai Buasri ◽  
Pittayarat Chaibundit ◽  
Metawee Kuboonprasert ◽  
Arnan Silajan ◽  
Vorrada Loryuenyong
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Clam Shell ◽  
Razor Clam

Nowadays, utilization of biomass is considered to have the potential to solve many environmental problems and provide a source of renewable and environmentally-friendly energy. Research on green and low cost catalysts is needed for economical production of biodiesel. The goal of this work was to test potassium iodide (KI)-impregnated calcined razor clam shell as a heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil in a microwave reactor. The effects of different preparation conditions on biodiesel yield were investigated and the structure of the catalyst was characterized. The raw material and the resulting solid catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The waste shell displays a typical layered architecture. The sample had the surface area 16.51 m2/g, pore diameter 22.18 nm and pore volume 0.14 cm3/g, and presented a uniform pore size. The highest fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield of 96.99% for potassium iodide-calcium oxide (KI-CaO) catalyst was obtained under the optimum condition (reaction time 5 min, microwave power 600 W, methanol/oil molar ratio 12:1, and catalyst dosage 3 wt%). It was showing potential applications of catalyst in biodiesel industry.

scholarly journals Production of Biodiesel from Non-Edible Jatropha curcas Oil via Transesterification Using Nd2O3-La2O3 Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Rabiah Nizah ◽  
Y.H. Taufiq-Yap ◽  
Mohd Zobir Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Oil Resources

Biodiesel is viewed as the most promising alternative fuel to replace petroleum-based diesel since it is derived from renewable sources such as animal fats, vegetable oil and grease. Out of various vegetable oil resources for biodiesel production,Jatropha curcasoil (JCO) is a viable choice for biodiesel because it is non-edible and can be grown easily in a harsh environment. In this study, Nd2O3-La2O3catalyst was prepared for transesterification of JCO with methanol, in order to evaluate its potential as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production. Under suitable transesterification condition at 210 °C with catalyst amount of 3 wt.%, methanol/oil molar ratio of 45 and reaction time for 4 h, the conversion of JCO to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) achieved was more than 93% over Nd2O3-La2O3catalyst.

Comparison and optimisation of biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oil using supercritical methyl acetate and methanol

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorzalila Niza ◽  
Kok Tan ◽  
Zainal Ahmad ◽  
Keat Lee
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Methyl Acetate ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Supercritical Methanol ◽  
Jatropha Curcas Oil ◽  
Optimum Yield

AbstractIn this study, biodiesel has been successfully produced by transesterification using non-catalytic supercritical methanol and methyl acetate. The variables studied, such as reaction time, reaction temperature and molar ratio of methanol or methyl acetate to oil, were optimised to obtain the optimum yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Subsequently, the results for both reactions were analysed and compared via Response Surface Methodology (RSM) analysis. The mathematical models for both reactions were found to be adequate to predict the optimum yield of biodiesel. The results from the optimisation studies showed that a yield of 89.4 % was achieved for the reaction with supercritical methanol within the reaction time of 27 min, reaction temperature of 358°C, and methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 44. For the reaction in the presence of supercritical methyl acetate, the optimum conditions were found to be: reaction time of 32 min, reaction temperature of 400°C, and methyl acetate-to-oil molar ratio of 50 to achieve 71.9 % biodiesel yield. The differences in the behaviour of methanol and methyl acetate in the transesterification reaction are largely due to the difference in reactivity and mutual solubility of Jatropha curcas oil and methanol/methyl acetate.

Calcium Methoxide Synthesis from Quick Lime Using as Solid Catalyst in Refined Palm Oil Biodiesel Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warakom Suwanthai ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon ◽  
Pilanee Vaithanomsat
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Quick Lime ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Refined Palm Oil

In this research, calcium methoxide was synthesized as solid base catalyst from quick lime for biodiesel production. The catalyst was further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection fourier transform (ATR-FTIR) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies (EDX) to evaluate its performance. The transesterification of refined palm oil using calcium methoxide and the process parameters affecting the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content such as catalyst concentration, methanol:oil molar ratio and reaction time were investigated. The results showed that the FAME content at 97% was achieved within 3 h using 3 %wt catalyst loading, 12:1 methanol:oil molar ratio and 65 °C reaction temperature. The result of FAME suggested calcium methoxide was the promising solid catalyst for substitution of the conventional liquid catalyst.

Fatty acid methyl ester production from acid oil using silica sulfuric acid: Process optimization and reaction kinetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krunal Shah ◽  
Jigisha Parikh ◽  
Bharat Dholakiya ◽  
Kalpana Maheria
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Silica Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl

AbstractConversion of high free fatty acids (FFA) containing acid oil (AO) to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) using silica sulfuric acid (SSA) as a solid acid catalyst was investigated. Process parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst loading, and methanol to oil molar ratio were optimized using the Taguchi orthogonal array method. Maximum FFA conversion (97.16 %) was achieved under the optimal set of parameter values viz. 70°C, 4 mass % catalyst loading, and 1: 15 oil to methanol molar ratio after 90 min. SSA was reused three times successfully without a significant loss in activity. Biodiesel produced from AO met the international biodiesel standards. Determination of kinetic parameters proved that the experimental results fit the pseudo first order kinetic law.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF BIODIESEL FROM JATROPHA CURCAS OIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-281
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Laborde ◽  
Laura Ivana Orifici ◽  
José Alberto Bandoni ◽  
Medardo Serna Gonzalez ◽  
José María Ponce Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Jatropha Curcas Oil ◽  
Utility Cost

In this paper was assessed the potential of biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oil. The proposed process was simulated in the software Aspen Plus™ involving the stages of trans-esterification reaction, methanol recovering, purification of the obtained methyl esters, catalyst removing, purifying of glycerol and the energy integration through heat exchange networks (HEN). The biodiesel process was carried out through the catalytic reaction of transesterification of Jatropha oil with methanol using a molar ratio of methanol oil of 6:1, and with 1% w/w of NaOH (related to oil mass) as catalyst. Under these conditions, it is technologically feasible to carry out the production of biodiesel. With energy integration through the synthesis of HENs, reductions of 100% and 41.3% of hot and cold utilities were achieved. This way, the utility cost decreases 70.92%. The net present value (NPV) for the integrated process was 70.64% higher than the one corresponding to the non-integrated process under the same production conditions.

scholarly journals Waste cooking oil processing for fatty acid methyl ester and mono glycerides production with magnetite catalyst

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 220-226
Author(s):  
Widayat ◽  
Hadiyanto ◽  
D.A. Putra ◽  
Nursafitri I. ◽  
H. Satriadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl

The objective of this research was to produce biodiesel using waste cooking oil and various magnetite catalysts with the esterification-transesterification process. Magnetite catalysts tested were α- Fe2O3, α- Fe2O3/Al2O3, α- Fe2O3/ZSM-5 catalysts. Catalysts were prepared through chemical precipitation and calcination. The esterificationtransesterification process was carried out with the conditions WCO: methanol molar ratio of 15:1, catalyst (1% wt of oil), heated at 65℃ for 3 hrs. The results showed biodiesel production using α- Fe2O3-ZSM-5 catalyst obtained higher %FAME (83.28%), yield (91.915%) and monoglyceride content (16.72%) compared to others due to larger pore volume. Biodiesel produced passed the requirement of Indonesian National Standard (SNI) based on density, acid number and viscosity.

scholarly journals Optimization of Biodiesel Production Using Nanomagnetic CaO-Based Catalysts with Subcritical Methanol Transesterification of Rubber Seed Oil

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Winoto ◽  
Nuttawan Yoswathana
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Rubber Seed

The molar ratio of methanol to rubber seed oil (RSO), catalyst loading, and the reaction time of RSO biodiesel production were optimized in this work. The response surface methodology, using the Box–Behnken design, was analyzed to determine the optimum fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield. The performance of various nanomagnetic CaO-based catalysts—KF/CaO-Fe3O4, KF/CaO-Fe3O4-Li (Li additives), and KF/CaO-Fe3O4-Al (Al additives)—were compared. Rubber seed biodiesel was produced via the transesterification process under subcritical methanol conditions with nanomagnetic catalysts. The experimental results indicated that the KF/CaO-Fe3O4-Al nanomagnetic catalyst produced the highest FAME yield of 86.79%. The optimum conditions were a 28:1 molar ratio of methanol to RSO, 1.5 wt % catalyst, and 49 min reaction time. Al additives of KF/CaO-Fe3O4 nanomagnetic catalyst enhanced FAME yield without Al up to 18.17% and shortened the reaction time by up to 11 min.

scholarly journals Oyster andPyramidellaShells as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Microwave-Assisted Biodiesel Production fromJatropha curcasOil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achanai Buasri ◽  
Tidarat Rattanapan ◽  
Chalida Boonrin ◽  
Chosita Wechayan ◽  
Vorrada Loryuenyong
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
Waste Shell

Microwave-assisted biodiesel production via transesterification ofJatropha curcasoil with methanol using solid oxide catalyst derived from waste shells of oyster andPyramidellawas studied. The shells were calcined at 900°C for 2 h and calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst characterizations were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements. The effects of reaction variables such as reaction time, microwave power, methanol/oil molar ratio, and catalyst loading on the yield of biodiesel were investigated. Reusability of waste shell catalyst was also examined. The results indicated that the economic and environmentally friendly catalysts derived from oyster andPyramidellashells showed good reusability and had high potential to be used as biodiesel production catalysts under microwave-assisted transesterification ofJatropha curcasoil with methanol.

scholarly journals Optimization of biodiesel production from Chlorella protothecoides oil via ultrasound assisted transesterification

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didem Özçimen ◽  
Ömer Gülyurt ◽  
Benan İnan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Chlorella Protothecoides ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

There is a growing interest in biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines because of the high oil prices and environmental issues related to massive greenhouse gas emissions. Nowadays, microalgal biomass has become a promising biodiesel feedstock. However, traditional biodiesel production from microalgae consumes a lot of energy and solvents. It is necessary to use an alternative method that can reduce the energy and alcohol consumption and save time. In this study, biodiesel production from Chlorella protothecoides oil by ultrasound assisted transesterification was conducted and effects of reaction parameters such as methanol:oil ratio, catalyst/oil ratio and reaction time on fatty acid methyl ester yields were investigated. The transesterification reactions were carried out by using methanol as alcohol and potassium hydroxide as the catalyst. The highest methyl ester production was obtained under the conditions of 9:1 methanol/oil mole ratio, 1.5% potassium hydroxide catalyst in oil, and for reaction time of 40 min. It was also found that catalyst/oil molar ratio was the most effective parameter on methyl ester yield according to statistical data. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted transesterification may be an alternative and cost effective way to produce biodiesel efficiently.

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