Analysis of Сandida species distribution isolated from women with vulvovaginal candidiasis and their antifungal susceptibility profile

Background. Candida species is usually a commensal fungus residing in the vagina, in about 30 %–50 % of healthy adults and remains the most common agent isolated from clinical samples of patients diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Culture is not recommended for all patients on a routine basis but is informative for the exclusion of non-albicans infections resistant to azoles, or recurrent VVC. Identification of Candida species and antifungal susceptibility testing are key elements in the correct management of recurrent VVC. The authors of this paper aimed to study the spectrum of pathogenic Candida species. The antifungal sensitivity patterns of the isolated strains during the years 2017-2019 are also presented. Material and methods. A descriptive study of Candida species distribution and antifungal susceptibility profile was performed. Identification of isolated Candida species was performed by the MALDI-TOF MS, bacterial strains by Vitek 2 automated system (BioMérieux) and antifungal susceptibility profiles by Fungitest (Bio-Rad). Results. Of the 1030 recovered strains, C. albicans species predominated - 83.8% and Candida non albicans -16.2%. The most common species of the Candida non-albicans, were C.glabrata (7.5%). Also, it was observed that in 56.6% of the cases C. albicans presented bacterial associations. The most common microbial association was C. albicans and S.aureus (26.6%), followed by C. albicans and E.coli (20.8%). Candida spp. showed moderate antifungal resistance. The resistance rate of C. albicans isolates to miconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole was 25.5%, 17.0% and 11.4% compared to non-albicans Candida strains which showed a resistance rate of 10,8%, 14.4% and 10%, respectively. Conclusions. C. albicans is the most frequently isolated species among patients with VVC, but there is also an increase share of non-albicans Candida species such as C. glabrata. C. albicans isolates showed higher indices of resistance, than Candida non-albicans.

Download Full-text

Value of antifungal susceptibility testing in recurrent vulvovaginal Candidiasis by Non -Albicans Candida

10.51429/ejmm30120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 161-167

Author(s):

Ghada A. Mokhtar ◽

Mohamed Sh. Ramadan ◽

Shymaa Yahia

Keyword(s):

Amphotericin B ◽

Candida Species ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Common Species ◽

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽

Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Vaginal Swabs ◽

Vitek 2

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is regarded as a prevalent vaginal infection and mainly results from Candida albicans. Nevertheless, there has recently been a prominent shift in candidiasis etiology regarding non-albicans Candida (NAC) species with achieving importance. For women with more than three episodes annually are described as recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). Objectives: To isolate, speciate, and determine the value of antifungal sensitivity pattern of candida species isolated from patients developed (RVVC). Methodology: High vaginal swabs (HVS) were taken from patients with RVVC and cultured on ordinary mycological media. Any significant candida growth was identified and speciated by VITEK 2 system. Their antifungal sensitivity was done by disc diffusion approach governed by CLSI guidelines. Results: A total of 110 Candida species from 250 high vaginal swabs were isolated. Among all candida species isolated from patients with RVCC, C.albicanis accounts for 44% while NAC accounts for 56% with C.glabrata most common species isolated. Voriconazole, amphotericin B, and nystatin showed high sensitivity rates (92 %, 89%, and 84% respectively) on all candida species (C.albicans and NAC) isolated from patients with RVVC. Conclusion: In RVCC there is increase in NAC (56%) with C.glabrata most common species isolated. Voriconazole, Nystatin, and amphotericin B have the best antifungal activity against all spp.

Download Full-text

THE PREVALENCE OF VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING SEVERAL HOSPITALS IN SANA’A, YEMEN

Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22270/ujpr.v4i6.338 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdulrahman Humaid ◽

Saeed M Alghalibi ◽

Anes Al-Mahbashi ◽

Aml AL-Arossi ◽

Wadhah Hassan Edrees

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Peer Review ◽

Candida Species ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Common Species ◽

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽

University Hospital ◽

Vaginal Candidiasis ◽

Microbiological Methods ◽

E Mail

Candida species are opportunistic yeasts affecting the genitourinary tract which causes the vulvovaginal candidiasis in the most female especially in developing countries. This study aims to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida species causing among pregnant women in Sana'a City, Yemen. This study was carried out at the department of microbiology of AL-Kuwait University Hospital. 250 vaginal swabs were collected and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Candida species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing were determined according to standard microbiological methods. The results showed that out of 250 samples, 63(25.2%) were positive for Candida species. It was found that the C. albicans (68.3%) was the most common species isolated followed by non-albicans species that are C. tropicalis (20.6%), C. glabrata (6.3%), and C. kefyr (4.8%). Also, it was recorded that the highest prevalence of Candida species was within group aged of 36-46 year. Susceptibility tests revealed that the most isolated species of C. andida were sensitive to nystatin (95%). miconazole was the next effective drug with 64% sensitive followed by amphotericin B (29%) and clotrimazole (24%). But only 6% of the isolates were sensitive to fluconazole. It can be concluded that the vulvovaginal candidiasis are quite common in Yemen country with a high prevalence. Also, the nystatin remains the effective agent against all isolated of Candida species. In contrast, the increase resistance of Candida species to fluconazole that commonly used antifungal is an alarming increase of vaginal candidiasis caused by antifungal-resistant Candida species. Peer Review History: UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy Affiliation: Sana'a University, Yemen E-mail: [email protected] Name: Dr. Tamer Mohamed Ali El Habibi Affiliation: Suez Canal University, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected] Name: Rola Jadallah Affiliation: Arab American University, Palestine E-mail: [email protected] Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: AN EXHAUSTIVE STATISTIC ON CURRENT MUCOADHESIVE INTRAVAGINAL DRUG DELIVERY METHODOLOGIES TETANUS IMMUNIZATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: COVERAGE RATE AND RATE OF PROTECTION AT TIME OF DELIVERY

Download Full-text

Species distribution of yeasts recovered from different clinical samples Addiss Ababa,Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.9212/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Elias Seyoum Deribe ◽

Adane Bitew ◽

Amete Mihret

Keyword(s):

Species Distribution ◽

Candida Species ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reported Data

Abstract Background Currently, fungal diseases of humans are among the most problematic illnesses is the result of an increase in opportunistic fungal infections caused by rise in the number of immune-compromised patients. Particularly, yeasts are the most common cause of fungal infections leading to a range superficial type to life-threatening invasive infections. The aim of this study is to determine species distribution of yeasts particularly of Candida species recovered from different clinical samples. Method A cross sectional study was conducted from January 01, 2018 –September 30, 2018 in Addis Ababa, Arsho laboratory. Oropharengial swabs, nail scrapings, sputum, corneal scrapings, and vaginal swabs were collected from patients with signs and symptoms of infections. Identification and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by using YST card through VITEK 2 compact system. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result A total of 209 yeasts were recovered of which 49.8% were Candida albicans, 43.1% were non-albicans candida species and 7.2% were yeasts other than Candida species. The current study, eighteen (18) different types of yeast species were identified from different clinical samples. All recognized yeast considered as a causative agent of fungal infection in previously reported data in worldwide. Conclusion C. albicans remaining the predominant species, but the emergence of non-albicans Candida and other than candida species have increased. Thus, more studies on Candida prevalence are needed throughout country.

Download Full-text

Species distribution of yeasts recovered from different clinical samples Addiss Ababa,Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.9212/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Elias Seyoum Deribe ◽

Adane Bitew ◽

Amete Mihret

Keyword(s):

Species Distribution ◽

Candida Species ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reported Data

Download Full-text

Distribution and Antifungal Sensitivity of Candida Isolates Detected in Blood Cultures

ANKEM Dergisi ◽

10.5222/ankem.2020.077 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Duygu Beder ◽

Fatma Esenkaya Taşbent ◽

Metin Doğan

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Candida Species ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Rapid Identification ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

Automated System ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Intensive Care Patients ◽

Gram Staining

Candidemia is a serious clinical condition that can result in mortality. This condition is particularly common in intensive care patients. This retrospective study aimed to identify Candida strains isolated from blood cultures and to determine antifungal susceptibility patterns. For this purpose, isolated Candida species were identified and, their susceptibility to amphotericin B, caspofungin, flucytosine, fluconazole, micafungin and voriconazole were investigated. VITEK 2 automated system was used to identify and detect antifungal susceptibility of Candida species that were subjected to Gram staining and germ tube tests on Candida species detected from blood cultures sent to our laboratory between January 2014 and December 2018. Candida spp. isolation rate was found most frequently (n=157; 64.9 %) in intensive care units; followed by internal clinics (n=64; 26.5 %) and surgical clinics (n=21; 8.6 %). The most frequently isolated species among these Candida isolates are Candida albicans (100/242; 41.3 %) and Candida parapsilosis (92/242; 38 %). Especially in intensive care patients, rapid identification of Candida species and determination of their antifungal susceptibilities are important for planning treatment. It is thought that collecting data reflecting regional resistance status at certain intervals will be guiding in terms of treatment approaches.

Download Full-text

Investigation of Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Species Isolated from Various Clinical Samples From Intensive Care Unit Patients

Turkish Journal of Medical and Surgical Intensive Care ◽

10.5152/dcbybd.2016.1050 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 49-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Suleyman Pelit ◽

Meltem Uzun

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Species Distribution ◽

Candida Species ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Clinical Samples

Download Full-text

Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Species Causing Candidemia in China: An Update From the CHIF-NET Study

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiz573 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 221 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S139-S147 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Meng Xiao ◽

Sharon C-A Chen ◽

Fanrong Kong ◽

Xiu-Li Xu ◽

Li Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Candida Species ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Common Species ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Fluconazole Resistance ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

Abstract Background Candidemia is the most common, serious fungal infection and Candida antifungal resistance is a challenge. We report recent surveillance of candidemia in China. Methods The study encompassed 77 Chinese hospitals over 3 years. Identification of Candida species was by mass spectrometry and DNA sequencing. Antifungal susceptibility was determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method. Results In total, 4010 isolates were collected from candidemia patients. Although C. albicans was the most common species, non-albicans Candida species accounted for over two-thirds of isolates, predominated C. parapsilosis complex (27.1%), C. tropicalis (18.7%), and C. glabrata complex (12.0%). Most C. albicans and C. parapsilosis complex isolates were susceptible to all antifungal agents (resistance rate <5%). However, there was a decrease in voriconazole susceptibility to C. glabrata sensu stricto over the 3 years and fluconazole resistance rate in C. tropicalis tripled. Amongst less common Candida species, over one-third of C. pelliculosa isolates were coresistant to fluconazole and 5-flucytocine, and >56% of C. haemulonii isolates were multidrug resistance. Conclusions Non-albicans Candida species are the predominant cause of candidemia in China. Azole resistance is notable amongst C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. Coresistance and multidrug resistance has emerged in less common Candida species.

Download Full-text

Candida Species Distribution of Clinical Specimens in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education ◽

10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.23758 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 262-267

Author(s):

Suhartono Suhartono ◽

Wilda Mahdani ◽

Aderiana Masthura ◽

Iman Rusmana

Keyword(s):

Species Distribution ◽

Candida Species ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Initial Study ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Urine Specimen ◽

Clinical Specimens ◽

Candida Sp ◽

And Control ◽

Banda Aceh

Candidiasis has become increasingly widespread in the community alongside with the developing resistance of Candida sp. to some antifungals. A prevalence study in the present research is required to surveil the distribution of Candida-related infections to administrate the appropriate antifungal treatments. The objective of this research was to determine the species distribution of candidiasis with their antifungal susceptibility isolated from clinical specimens at the Zainoel Abidin Hospital (ZAH) Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The clinical specimens were from inpatients and outpatients in the hospital during January to June 2019. The identification of Candida species and antifungal sensitivity assay were conducted by using VITEK® 2 Compact. Of a total of 68 isolates, there were six species of Candida with the highest species prevalence was Candida tropicalis (52.94%). Additionally, the highest prevalence of candidiasis came from urine specimen (54.41%) and mostly from inpatients in the internal medicine unit (54.41%). Candidiasis occurred predominantly in men (58.82%) and during adulthood (55.88%). The antibiogram of Candida sp. shows a high percentage of sensitivity towards some antifungals including fluconazole (100%), voriconazole (100%), caspofungin (100%), micafungin (100%), amphotericin B (99.5%), and flucytosine (100%). From this result, it can be concluded that candidiasis cases in the ZAH Banda Aceh, Indonesia has prevalently occurred with the few antifungal therapies for candidiasis of were still effective empirically and definitively. This is an initial study of Candida prevalence within different clinical samples in Banda Aceh and the study is expected to be a basis for prevention and control of Candida-related infections in the area.

Download Full-text

Species distribution and susceptibility profiles of Candida species isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis, emergence of C. lusitaniae

Current Medical Mycology ◽

10.18502/cmm.5.4.2062 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Seyed Ebrahim Hashemi ◽

Tahereh Shokohi ◽

Mahdi Abastabar ◽

Narges Aslani ◽

Mahbobeh Ghadamzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Species ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Common Species ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Drug Pressure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Overall Resistance

Background and Purpose: The aim of the current study was to investigate the epidemiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and recurrent VVC (RVVC), as well as the antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida species isolates.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 260 women suspected of VVC from February 2017 to January 2018. In order to identify Candida species isolated from the genital tracts, the isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using enzymes Msp I and sequencing. Moreover, antifungal susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (M27-A3).Results: Out of 250 subjects, 75 (28.8%) patients were affected by VVC, out of whom 15 (20%) cases had RVVC. Among the Candida species, C. albicans was the most common species (42/95; 44.21%), followed by C. lusitaniae (18/95; 18.95%), C. parapsilosis (13/95; 13.69%), C. glabrata (8/95; 8.42%), C. kefyr (6/95; 6.31%), C. famata (5/95; 5.26%), C. africana (2/95; 2.11%), and C. orthopsilosis (1/95; 1.05%), respectively. Multiple Candida species were observed in 28% (21/75) of the patients. Nystatin showed the narrowest range of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.25-16 μg/ml) against all Candida strains, whereas fluconazole (0.063-64 μg/ml) demonstrated the widest MIC range. In the current study, C. lusitaniae, as the second most common causative agent of VVC, was susceptible to all antifungal agents. Furthermore, 61.1% of C. lusitaniae isolates were inhibited at a concentration of ≤ 2 μg/ml, while38.9% (n=7)of them exhibited fluconazole MICs above the epidemiologic cutoff values (ECV). Candida species showed the highest overall resistance against fluconazole (61.3%), followed by itraconazole (45.2%) and caspofungin (23.7%). All of C. albicans strains were resistant to itraconazole with a MIC value of ≥ 1 μg/ml; in addition, 87.5% of them were resistant to fluconazole. Moreover, 100% and 87.5% of C. glabrata strains were resistant to caspofungin and fluconazole, respectively.Conclusion: As the findings revealed, the majority of VVC cases were caused by non-albicans Candida species which were often more resistant to antifungal agents. Candida lusitaniae generally had fluconazole MICs above the ECV. Given the propensity of C. lusitaniae to develop resistance under drug pressure, antifungals should be administered with caution. The emergence of these species justify the epidemiological surveillance surveys to watch out the distribution of yeast species.

Download Full-text

Molecular Characterization and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Species Isolated From Vulvovaginitis in Jahrom City, South of Iran

Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.5812/jjm.106825 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Gholamreza Shokoohi ◽

Athar Rasekh-Jahromi ◽

Kavous Solhjoo ◽

Arash Hasannezhad ◽

Sadegh Nouripour-Sisakht ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Identification ◽

Candida Species ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽

Vaginal Candidiasis ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Mean Values ◽

Susceptibility Tests ◽

Identification Techniques

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a significant health issue due to Candida spp. Although Candida albicans is considered a major causative agent of vaginal candidiasis, non-albicans species have increased during previous decades. Objectives: This research aimed at molecular identification and assessing antifungal susceptibility of VVC isolated Candida spp. Methods: A professional physician examined two hundred and ninety-five suspected females with vaginitis. The specimens were collected by sterile cotton swabs. Swabs were inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates and then incubated for 48 - 72 hours at 35°C. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect all Candida species. Broth microdilution, according to the M27-A3 and M27-S4 CLSI documents, were employed for determining the antifungal susceptibility tests of caspofungin (CAS), voriconazole (VRC), itraconazole (ITC), fluconazole (FLU), clotrimazole (CLO), ketoconazole (KTO), amphotericin B (AMB), and nystatin (NYS). Results: A total of 295 females suspected of vulvovaginal candidiasis were examined. The culture results were positive in 50.5% (149 of 295) of specimens. According to molecular identification techniques, C. albicans 133/149 (89.2%), C. glabrata 8/149 (5.4%), and C. kefyr 2/149 (1.4%) were the main species. A mixed infection of C. albicans and C. glabrata 6/149 (4 %) was detected. The geometric mean values to all Candida strains were in increasing order as the following: CAS, 0.075 µg/mL; VRC, 0.091 µg/mL; ITC, 0.15 µg/mL; AMB, 0.22 µg/mL; CLO, 0.23 µg/mL; KTO, 0.28 µg/mL; NYS, 0.88 µg/mL; FLU, 1.48 µg/mL. Further, the MIC ranges of all Candida isolates to the tested antifungal agents were in increasing order as follows: CAS: 0.031 - 0.25 µg/mL, KTO and ITC: 0.031 - 2 µg/mL, VRC: 0.031 - 4 µg/mL, CLO and AMB: 0.031 - 8 µg/mL, NYS: 0.06 - 4 µg/mL, and FLU: 0.12 - 128 µg/mL. Conclusions: We reported 1 (7.2 %) C. glabrata isolate resistance to FLU and 2 (14.3%) C. glabrata isolates susceptible-dose-dependent (SDD) to CAS. We also reported 6 (4.5%), 5 (3.8%), and 2 (1.5%) C. albicans resistance to ITC, FLU, and AMB, respectively, but 100% C. albicans susceptible to CAS and VRC.

Download Full-text