scholarly journals Preparation of CaTiO3 Asymmetric Membranes Using Polyetherimide as Binder Polymer

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Purwanti Setyaningsih ◽  
Maya Machfudzoh ◽  
Wahyu Prasetyo Utomo ◽  
Hamzah Fansuri
Keyword(s):  
Porous Layer ◽  
Perovskite Oxide ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Asymmetric Structure ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Asymmetric Membranes ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Thin Membranes ◽  
Phase Inversion Method

Asymmetric dense and thin membranes have been prepared from powders of perovskite oxide-type CaTiO3 without cracking by phase inversion method. Polyetherimide was used as a polymeric binder in the method. The resulting green membranes, composed of CaTiO3 powder and polyetherimide binder, were sintered at 890, 1100 or 1200 °C. The crystal phase of CaTiO3 was analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The XRD pattern of the synthesized CaTiO3 powder was matched with the reference indicating the formation of CaTiO3 structure. Sintering at 890 °C fails to form a strong membrane. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of the membranes showed that the membrane had the asymmetric structure with dense layer on one side and porous layer on the other side. The pores in the porous layer were both finger-like and sponge-like structure. The mechanical strength of the membranes, which were determined by Vickers micro hardness method, varied from 3.5 to 25.8 Hv. The strongest membrane without any crack was resulted from sintering at 1200°C with hardness values between 19.4 and 25.8 Hv. Thermal expansion coefficients of the asymmetric membranes sintered at 1100 and 1200 °C, measured with Thermomechanical Analyzer (TMA), were 10.82 × 10-6 and 12.78 × 10-6.C-1 respectively.

scholarly journals The influences of polydopamine immersion time on characteristics and performance of polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membrane

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 09007
Author(s):  
Syawaliah Syawaliah ◽  
Nasrul Arahman ◽  
Medyan Riza ◽  
Sri Mulyati
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Asymmetric Structure ◽  
Pvdf Membrane ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Phase Inversion Method

The Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membrane has been prepared by phase inversion method using N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent and Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) as additive. The fabricated membrane was modified by Polydopamine (PDA) coating in concentration of 0.5 mg/ml and immersion times of 2 hours, 6 hours, and 24 hours. The characteristics and performance of the PVDF membranes before and after the modification are studied in this paper. The result of the water flux experiment showed that the PDA-coated PVDF membranes showcased a higher flux than that of pure PVDF membrane. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed that the membrane had an asymmetric structure consisting of two layers. There was no significant influence on the addition of PDA to the morphology of the pore matrix because the modification was done by surface coating. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that PDA was successfully introduced on the surface of PVDF membrane with the appearance of O-H from cathecol and N-H peaks at wavenumber range of 3300-3600 cm-1. Modification with PDA increased the mechanical strength of the membrane which affirmed by the results of the tensile and elongation at break evaluation.

Rheology Assessment of PSf/ NMP Solution and its Influence on Membrane Structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 422-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Anadão ◽  
Rafael Rezende Montes ◽  
Henrique Souza de Santis ◽  
Hélio Wiebeck
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Asymmetric Membranes ◽  
Wet Phase Inversion ◽  
Microfiltration Membranes ◽  
Skin Formation ◽  
Phase Inversion Method

Asymmetric polysulfone membranes were prepared by wet-phase inversion method from casting solutions consisting of PSf/NMP and water as non-solvent. The effects of polymer concentration and molar mass were investigated by rheological studies. Moreover, membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that polymer solutions containing between 22 and 25 wt% PSf/NMP originated microfiltration membranes. The use of a higher mass molar polysulfone has been shown to reduce diameter pore and to maintain morphology. All the results were interrelated into a discussion of the skin formation of asymmetric membranes.

Preparation and Characterization of Polysulfone Mixed Matrix Membrane Incorporated with Thermodynamically Stable Nano-Palladium for Hydrogen Separation

2013 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Hani Shazwani Mohd Suhaimi ◽  
Leo Choe Peng ◽  
Ahmad Abdul Latif
Keyword(s):  
Gas Separation ◽  
Pd Nanoparticles ◽  
Hydrogen Separation ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Asymmetric Structure ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Phase Inversion Method

Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles offer excellent hydrogen affinity in mixed matrix membrane for gas separation. In order to avoid aggregation, Pd nanoparticles have to be stabilized before blending into polymer matrix. Pd nanoparticles can be thermodynamically stabilized and dispersed using electrostatic and/ or steric forces of a stabilizer which is typically introduced during the formation of Pd nanoparticles in the inversed microemulsion. Polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sodium hydroxide in ethylene glycol exhibited good effect on particles passivation. However, the effects of these stabilizers on membrane morphology and separation performance were unknown. The aim of this work is to incorporate polymer-stabilized Pd nanoparticles into Polysulfone (PSf) membranes for hydrogen separation. The microstructure of Pd nanoparticles was first analyzed by TEM. Phase inversion method was then adopted for the preparation of asymmetric PSf/nanoPd MMMs. The separation performance of MMMs was investigated by using nitrogen and hydrogen as test gases and the membrane characteristics were further studied using SEM and FTIR. The highest permeability for H2 was 255.82 GPU with selectivity of 6.89. The results suggested that PEG provides good contact between nanoparticles and the polymer. TEM and FTIR results revealed that these stabilizers have significant effects on the synthesized Pd nanoparticles size. Also, SEM results showed that the MMMs incorporated with thermodynamically nanoPd in PEG achieved satisfactory asymmetric structure which explains the good performance in gas separation.

scholarly journals Study of microstructure modification on La0.7Sr0.3Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF 7328) asymmetric flat membrane

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-503
Author(s):  
Silvana Dwi Nurherdiana ◽  
Naimatul Khoiroh ◽  
Ahyudia Malisa Ilham ◽  
Rendy Muhamad Iqbal ◽  
Wahyu Prasetyo Utomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Morphology And Mechanical Properties

The LSCF 7328 (La0.7Sr0.3Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ) asymmetric flat membranes were successfully prepared via a phase-inversion method followed by sintering at 1200 °C. In this study, a variety of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGs) as the pore-forming agent, with  3 wt% composition and a wide ranges of molecular weight (Mw) (200 to 8000 Da) were used to tests its’ effect to the properties of LSCF  membranes. The results show that the PEGs, as additives, were able to modify the pore morphology and mechanical properties of the LSCF 7328 membrane. The morphological evidence from SEM images showed that the LSCF membranes have an asymmetric configuration, comprised of sponge-like and finger-like pores which are integrated with a dense layer. The variation in average pore size is clearly seen, starting from 13.00 to 135.33 μm, following the increase in PEGs molecular weight. The LSCF membranes which were prepared using PEG additive have higher hardness (1.2 – 13.6 Hv) than the membrane with no PEG  (0.2 Hv). In contrast, the porosity and pore volume of the membranes decrease with the increase of PEGs molecular weight. The decrease might be due to the formation of various closed macro-voids as the molecular weight of PEGs increases. Furthermore, the thermal expansion coefficient of the membrane with different PEGs molecular weight (ie. 400, 600, 4000 and 6000) Da posses no significant different, i.e. around 16 x 10-6 °C-1, although the membrane showed different morphology and mechanical properties.

Preparation Of Cellulose Acetate Dialysis Membrane Using D–Glucose Monohydrate As Additive

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ani Idris ◽  
Ka Yee Hew ◽  
Mieow Kee Chan
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Phase Inversion Method ◽  
Bsa Rejection

Dialisis membran yang mengandungi sellulosa asetat (CA) sebagai polimer, asid formik (FA) sebagai pelarut dan glukosa-D monohidrat sebagai bahan tambah telah disediakan melalui proses fasa balikan. Objektif utama bagi penyelidikan ini adalah untuk menyelidik pengaruh bahan tambah glukosa–D terhadap prestasi membran dialisis dari segi pemisahan urea dan kreatinina. Kepekatan glukosa–D diubah daripada 2 hingga 10 wt%. Pemanasan menggunakan ketuhar mikrogelombang yang dapat memendekkan masa pelarutan digunakan untuk melarutkan CA polimer dalam pelarut asid formik. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa membran yang dihasilkan daripada 20 wt% selulosa asetat, 70 wt% asid formik dan 10 wt% glukosa–D monohidrat memberi prestasi yang terbaik bagi penyingkiran urea and kreatinina sebanyak masing–masimg 49.77% dan 19.54%. Apabila membran yang sama dikaji bagi penahanan BSA, ia memberikan peratus penyingkiran larutan BSA sebanyak 96.78%. Berbanding dengan membran dialisis selulosa asetat komersial, didapati bahawa keputusan adalah memuaskan. Gambar SEM menunjukkan bahawa penambahan glukosa–D monohidrat dalam larutan memberi pembentukan struktur jejari. Kata kunci: Membran dialisis; selulosa asetat; penyingkiran urea; penyingkiran kreatinina; peratus penahanan BSA Dialysis membrane containing cellulose acetate (CA) as polymer, formic acid (FA) as solvent and D–glucose monohydrate as additive was prepared by phase inversion method. The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of D–glucose monohydrate as an additive on the performance of dialysis membrane in terms of urea and creatinine clearance. The concentration of D–glucose is varied from 2 to 10 wt%. Microwave heating which is capable of reducing dissolution time was used to dissolve the CA polymer in the formic acid solvent. Results revealed that the membrane produced from the 20 wt% cellulose acetate, 70 wt% formic acid and 10 wt% D–glucose monohydrate gives the best performance with urea and creatinine clearance of 49.77% and 19.54% respectively. When testing the same membranes with BSA solutions, it gives a BSA rejection rate as high as 96.78%, which seems to be comparable with the commercial cellulose acetate dialysis membranes. Membrane morphology was observed by using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images illustrated that the increment of D–glucose monohydrate in casting solution tends to promote macrovoid formation. Key words: Dialysis membrane; cellulose acetate; SEM images; urea clearance; creatine clearance; BSA rejection rate

scholarly journals CO2 gas separation using mixed matrix membranes based on polyethersulfone/MIL-100(Al)

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-321
Author(s):  
Witri Wahyu Lestari ◽  
Robiah Al Adawiyah ◽  
Moh Ali Khafidhin ◽  
Rika Wijiyanti ◽  
Nurul Widiastuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Membrane Selectivity ◽  
Matrix Membranes

Abstract The excessive use of natural gas and other fossil fuels by the industrial sector leads to the production of great quantities of gas pollutants, including CO2, SO2, and NO x . Consequently, these gases increase the temperature of the earth, producing global warming. Different strategies have been developed to help overcome this problem, including the utilization of separation membrane technology. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) are hybrid membranes that combine an organic polymer as a matrix and an inorganic compound as a filler. In this study, MMMs were prepared based on polyethersulfone (PES) and a type of metal–organic framework (MOF), Materials of Institute Lavoisier (MIL)-100(Al) [Al3O(H2O)2(OH)(BTC)2] (BTC: benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylate) using a phase inversion method. The influence on the properties of the produced membranes by addition of 5, 10, 20, and 30% MIL-100(Al) (w/w) to the PES was also investigated. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated that no chemical interactions occurred between PES and MIL-100(Al). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed agglomeration at PES/MIL-100(Al) 30% (w/w) and that the thickness of the dense layer increased up to 3.70 µm. After the addition of MIL-100(Al) of 30% (w/w), the permeability of the MMMs for CO2, O2, and N2 gases was enhanced by approximately 16, 26, and 14 times, respectively, as compared with a neat PES membrane. The addition of MIL-100(Al) to PES increased the thermal stability of the membranes, reaching 40°C as indicated by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). An addition of 20% MIL-100(Al) (w/w) increased membrane selectivity for CO2/O2 from 2.67 to 4.49 (approximately 68.5%), and the addition of 10% MIL-100(Al) increased membrane selectivity for CO2/N2 from 1.01 to 2.12 (approximately 110.1%).

Effective elongation properties of cellulose–natural rubber composite hydrogels having interconnected domain

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-355
Author(s):  
Nuttida Srirachya ◽  
Kanoktip Boonkerd ◽  
Takaomi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Composite Hydrogels ◽  
Original Length ◽  
Cellulose Hydrogel ◽  
Wet Phase Inversion ◽  
Phase Inversion Method

This report describes progress in the development of cellulose hydrogel by blending with natural rubber (NR). Cellulose regenerated from the bagasse sugarcane was used for this study. Although cellulose and NR have a considerably low mutual affinity, composite hydrogels with various cellulose and NR contents were prepared using a wet-phase inversion method. The maximum amount of NR that can be loaded into the cellulose hydrogel was about 30% vol. Once NR is introduced into the cellulose hydrogels, the obtained hydrogel became translucent and eventually opaque with increasing NR loading. Measurements of water absorption, the water contact angle, and evaluation of fourier-transform infrared spectroscopoy (FTIR) spectra revealed that the presence of NR decreases the water affinity of the hydrogels. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that the composite hydrogels had higher tensile strength and better elastic properties than the pristine hydrogel. The results showed that the obtained composite hydrogels can be elongated several times to their original length. The enhancement of both properties was proportional to the amount of NR included. Results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed NR present inside the hollow of the cellulose hydrogel, forming interconnected domains. One can infer that the increase of mechanical and elastic properties is attributable to the presence of these interconnected structures.

scholarly journals PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF TiO2 NANO SUPPORTED ON MEMBRANE CELLULOSE ACETATE/NATA DE COCO (CA/NDC) IN PHOTODEGRADATION OF METHYLENE BLUE

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Roro Ernia Prawithasari ◽  
Ilma Fadilah ◽  
Mudjijono Mudjijono ◽  
Teguh Endah Saraswati ◽  
Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Absorbance Changes ◽  
Phase Inversion Method

<p>Study of synthesis and effectiveness of membrane catalyst of cellulose acetate/nata de coco-TiO<sub>2 </sub>nano (CA/NDC-TiO<sub>2</sub> nano) in photodegradation of methylene blue in batch system has been investigated. TiO<sub>2</sub>nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method followed by calcination at 450<sup>o</sup>C. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images indicate nano TiO<sub>2</sub> has been successfully synthesized with average particle diameter as 88,63±4,37 nm.  X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of nano TiO<sub>2</sub>  shows some characteristic peaks of anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> were still existed. Membrane photocatalyst of CA/NDC- nano TiO<sub>2</sub> was prepared via phase inversion method by mixing TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles with CA casting solution. Thermogravimetric analysis shows three decomposition steps of CA/NDC-nano membrane as well as CA/NDC membrane. Photodegradation of methylene blue was conducted with nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>  particles and CA/NDC-TiO<sub>2</sub> membrane for 50 minutes in batch system. The absorbance changes were measured by spectrophotometer at wavelength of 664.6 nm. The result shows the photodegradation rections tended to follow second order reaction. According to the rate constant value, <em>k</em>, the photocatalytic effectivity using CA-NDC/nano TiO<sub>2</sub> membrane and nano TiO<sub>2</sub>photocatalysts in metilen blue photodegradation, statistically were not significantly different.</p>

PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF TiO2 NANO SUPPORTED ON MEMBRANE CELLULOSE ACETATE/NATA DE COCO (CA/NDC) IN PHOTODEGRADATION OF METHYLENE BLUE

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Roro Ernia Prawithasari ◽  
Ilma Fadilah ◽  
Mudjijono Mudjijono ◽  
Teguh Endah Saraswati ◽  
Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Absorbance Changes ◽  
Phase Inversion Method

<p>Study of synthesis and effectiveness of membrane catalyst of cellulose acetate/nata de coco-TiO<sub>2 </sub>nano (CA/NDC-TiO<sub>2</sub> nano) in photodegradation of methylene blue in batch system has been investigated. TiO<sub>2</sub>nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method followed by calcination at 450<sup>o</sup>C. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images indicate nano TiO<sub>2</sub> has been successfully synthesized with average particle diameter as 88,63±4,37 nm.  X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of nano TiO<sub>2</sub>  shows some characteristic peaks of anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> were still existed. Membrane photocatalyst of CA/NDC- nano TiO<sub>2</sub> was prepared via phase inversion method by mixing TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles with CA casting solution. Thermogravimetric analysis shows three decomposition steps of CA/NDC-nano membrane as well as CA/NDC membrane. Photodegradation of methylene blue was conducted with nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>  particles and CA/NDC-TiO<sub>2</sub> membrane for 50 minutes in batch system. The absorbance changes were measured by spectrophotometer at wavelength of 664.6 nm. The result shows the photodegradation rections tended to follow second order reaction. According to the rate constant value, <em>k</em>, the photocatalytic effectivity using CA-NDC/nano TiO<sub>2</sub> membrane and nano TiO<sub>2</sub>photocatalysts in metilen blue photodegradation, statistically were not significantly different.</p>

Influence of the Addition of Polypropylene and Compatibilizer in PA6 Membranes Obtained by Phase Inversion

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elieber Barros Bezerra ◽  
A.M.D. Leite ◽  
E.M. Araújo ◽  
T.J.A. Melo ◽  
C.T. Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Binary Blends ◽  
Asymmetric Membranes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Phase Inversion Method

Polymer blend is the name for the physical mixture of two or more polymers and/or copolymers, and this allows the obtention of new materials with superior properties to those of the pure components. The blends have been used in obtaining membranes in order to improve the barrier properties so that it can separate two phases totally or partially, restricting the transport of one or more chemical species. In this work, polymer membranes were obtained from blends of PA6/PPgAA and PA6/PP/PPgAA by phase inversion method and were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed through the diffractograms that there were no significant variations in the characteristic peaks of PA6, and through SEM, it was observed the formation of microporous asymmetric membranes, where they showed a surface with higher porosity to the binary and ternary blends and presented smallest pore diameter for binary blends.

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