scholarly journals Social Movements Facing Authoritarian-Style Neoliberal Governments: Comparative Positioning Towards Violence in Indonesia and France

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Gabriel Facal ◽  
Gloria Truly Estrelita
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Civil Disobedience ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Political Strategies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Neoliberal Policies ◽  
Anthropological Approach ◽  
Climate Crisis ◽  
Systemic Crises

Faced with global and systemic crises, neoliberal oriented governments are taking on more authoritarian forms of governance. By using the power of the media, justice, the police, and a set of government technologies, this authoritarian style manifests itself in alternating phases of low-key brutality and crises of ostentatious repression designed to frighten and demoralize opposition social movements. Confronted with these modes of government, the social movements adopt different tactics of mobilization, ranging from direct confrontation to forms of compromise and civil disobedience. With the climate crisis as well as the globalization of social struggles, these movements adopt new political strategies, which question the dichotomy between violence and non-violence. Using a historical and anthropological approach, this paper studies two cases in contemporary Indonesia and France. It shows that the objectives of the groups involved and the national socio-political and cultural background shape the local specificities of these strategies. The comparison, however, reveals similarities at both levels. It shows the persistence and even strengthening of class and oligarchy networks in the implementation of authoritarian-style neoliberal policies. It also points to the respective effectiveness of violent and non-violent tactics in the implementation of militant strategies.

scholarly journals Counter-hegemony of the East Java Biennale art community against the domination of hoax content reproduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Jokhanan Kristiyono ◽  
Rachmah Ida ◽  
Musta'in Mashud
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Digital Art ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Digital Counter ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Art Community

This research analyses and describes in detail how the digital biennale activities that are a part of the Indonesian Digital art community has become a form of criticism and silent resistance to the social hegemony. It refers to the ideology, norms, rules, and myths that exist in modern society in Indonesia, especially the reproduction of hoax content. Hoax refers to the logic people who live in a world of cyber media with all of its social implications. This phenomenon is a problem, and it is at the heart of the exploration of the art community in East Java Biennale. The critical social theory perspective of Gramsci’s theory forms the basis of this research analysis. The qualitative research approach used a digital ethnomethodology research method focused on the online and offline social movements in the Biennale Art Community. The data collection techniques used were observation and non-active participation in the process of reproduction-related to the exhibition of Indonesian Biennale digital artworks. It was then analyzed using Gramsci’s hegemony theory. The purpose of this study was to describe the process of social movements in a digital format conducted by the Indonesian Biennale when reproducing works of art to counteract the dominance and hegemony of the Hoax phenomenon in Indonesia. The benefit of this research was that it obtained a preposition of Gramsci’s hegemony theory in the world of digital art as created by contemporary Indonesian Biennale artists. Digital technology has had a tremendous effect on the media industry, government, trade, informal industry sector, human resources, urban planning, services, disaster relief, health, education, religion, artistic and cultural expression, in addition to various other fields. The conclusion obtained from this research is that there is a formation of a new hegemony, a digital hegemony. This new hegemony is of particular concern for the digital artists in East Java Biennale. Through the digital format works, the artists also try to communicate their art as a form of silent resistance, protest, and criticism of the hegemony that occurs in society, referring to the ideology, norms, and myths. It can be called a digital counter-hegemony.s

scholarly journals Convenient Fictions: The Script of Lesbian Desire in the Post-Ellen Era: A New Zealand Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
ALison Julie Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Prime Time ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
Television Audience

<p>Little has been published about the ascending trajectory of lesbian characters in prime-time television texts. Rarer still are analyses of lesbian fictions on New Zealand television. This study offers a robust and critical interrogation of Sapphic expression found in the New Zealand television landscape. More specifically, this thesis analyses fictional lesbian representation found in New Zealand's prime-time, free-to-air television environment. It argues that television's script of lesbian desire is more about illusion than inclusion, and that lesbian representation is a misnomer, both qualitatively and quantitively. In order to assess the authenticity of television's lesbian fictions, I sampled the opinions of New Zealand's television audience through focus group and survey methodology, and analysed two primary sources of lesbian representation available between 2004-2006. Television and other media provide the social and cultural background - the milieu - against or within which their fictions, dramas and comedies are set. Even when media texts are clearly non- or anti realistic (fantasy films, for instance), they usually attempt to produce their narratives as consistent, familiar and in keeping with the cultural characteristics, values and proclivities of mainstream contemporary society. This is not realism so much as a set of arbitrary conventions that are read as, or stand for, reality and the real. In short, the media is a teller of stories and fairy tales; and since mainstream Western culture has naturalised homonormativity, television's fairy tales are almost exclusively tales of heterosexuality. Television, from this perspective, reinscribes and reinforces what Pierre Bourdieu refers to as the 'masculine order'. Television uses reality to frame messages of compulsory heterosexuality, and it rarely presents homonormative messages. Lesbian representation is, therefore, difficult for a heteronormative medium to render without effort. Homonormativity is, for lesbian audiences, a central part of the cultural background - the components of realism, if you like, within which representations of lesbians would 'play out' their stories in media texts. Television stories which ignore this imperative deny both the audience's ability to interpret for themselves the integrity of the representation, and their ability to acquire new knowledge of lesbians.</p>

Climate Crisis and the Democratic Prospect

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
States Of Emergency ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hard Times ◽  
The Media ◽  
Climate Crisis ◽  
Environmental Democracy ◽  
Political Realm

Can contemporary democratic governments tackle climate crisis? Some say that democracy has to be a central part of a strategy to deal with climate change. Others say that experience shows it not to be up to the challenge in the time frame available—that it will require a stronger hand, even a form of eco-authoritarianism. This work seeks to sort out and assess the competing answers to a question that is not easily resolved. While the book supports the case for environmental democracy, it argues that establishing and sustaining democratic practices will be difficult during the global climate turmoil ahead, especially if confronted with permanent states of emergency. This inquiry undertakes a search for an appropriate political-ecological strategy capable of preserving a measure of democratic governance during hard times. Without ignoring the global dimensions of the crisis, the analysis finds an alternative path in the theory and practices of participatory environmental governance embodied in a growing relocalization movement, and a form of global eco-localism. Although these movements largely operate under the radar of the social sciences, the media, and the political realm generally, such vibrant socio-ecological movements not only speak to the crisis ahead, but are already well established and thriving on the ground, including ecovillages, eco-communes, eco-neighborhoods, and local transition initiatives. With the help of these ideas and projects, the task is to shift the discourse of environmental political theory in ways that can assist those who will face the climate crisis in its full magnitude in real terms.

scholarly journals Convenient Fictions: The Script of Lesbian Desire in the Post-Ellen Era: A New Zealand Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
ALison Julie Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Prime Time ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
Television Audience

<p>Little has been published about the ascending trajectory of lesbian characters in prime-time television texts. Rarer still are analyses of lesbian fictions on New Zealand television. This study offers a robust and critical interrogation of Sapphic expression found in the New Zealand television landscape. More specifically, this thesis analyses fictional lesbian representation found in New Zealand's prime-time, free-to-air television environment. It argues that television's script of lesbian desire is more about illusion than inclusion, and that lesbian representation is a misnomer, both qualitatively and quantitively. In order to assess the authenticity of television's lesbian fictions, I sampled the opinions of New Zealand's television audience through focus group and survey methodology, and analysed two primary sources of lesbian representation available between 2004-2006. Television and other media provide the social and cultural background - the milieu - against or within which their fictions, dramas and comedies are set. Even when media texts are clearly non- or anti realistic (fantasy films, for instance), they usually attempt to produce their narratives as consistent, familiar and in keeping with the cultural characteristics, values and proclivities of mainstream contemporary society. This is not realism so much as a set of arbitrary conventions that are read as, or stand for, reality and the real. In short, the media is a teller of stories and fairy tales; and since mainstream Western culture has naturalised homonormativity, television's fairy tales are almost exclusively tales of heterosexuality. Television, from this perspective, reinscribes and reinforces what Pierre Bourdieu refers to as the 'masculine order'. Television uses reality to frame messages of compulsory heterosexuality, and it rarely presents homonormative messages. Lesbian representation is, therefore, difficult for a heteronormative medium to render without effort. Homonormativity is, for lesbian audiences, a central part of the cultural background - the components of realism, if you like, within which representations of lesbians would 'play out' their stories in media texts. Television stories which ignore this imperative deny both the audience's ability to interpret for themselves the integrity of the representation, and their ability to acquire new knowledge of lesbians.</p>

scholarly journals The European Media Portrayal of Climate Change: Implications for the Social Mobilization towards Climate Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8300
Author(s):  
Alexandre O. Tavares ◽  
Neide P. Areia ◽  
Sinead Mellett ◽  
Julia James ◽  
Diego S. Intrigliolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Narratives ◽  
Media Portrayal ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
The Media ◽  
Climate Crisis

Beyond other social actors, such as policymakers and scholars, common citizens are also expected to actively engage with climate change, by adopting sustainable actions and supporting environmental policies. However, and despite the actual growing of environment-related social movements, a kind of inertia still prevails in the social climate of our society. The media should play a key role in promoting, among common individuals, the adoption of new and more sustainable practices. However, it is argued that the media seems to be failing to effectively address the climate crisis. As such, this study aims to identify the main weaknesses of climate change media communication to further discuss possible opportunities of communication improvements. For that, 1609 news articles published between 2017 and 2018 in five European countries were analyzed in-depth, through quantitative content analysis. The news’ general characteristics, specifically reported themes, and the specificities of actors’ discourses were taken into account for the analysis. It was verified that the European media tends to report climate change by using distant (e.g., future-focused) and outcome (e.g., threatening messages) framings, based on non-resilient, scientific, and political narratives, whilst overlooking the role of civil society on adapting to climate change. These results demonstrate that instead of promoting society’s climate action, the media may be contributing to a widespread social apathy about the climate and the disengagement of individuals regarding environment-related matters. Evidence-based forms of improving the media’s communication on climate change will be further discussed.

Shooting 2011–21

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Donatella Della Ratta
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Participatory Culture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
Military Violence ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Military

In this article, film scholar Donnatella Della Ratta deconstructs the frames that have characterized, both aesthetically and politically, the social movements that erupted in the Arab region in 2011. On the tenth anniversary of what is commonly known as the “Arab Spring,” she reconsiders the intertwinement of the media and the military, violence and representation, and their blending in the hyperconnected dimension of the social web’s participatory culture. She reflects on the continuity of this dynamic, which was triggered by the astonishing events of ten years ago, and the newly emerging forms of disciplining and domesticating the body and its revolutionary potential.

The Story of Resistance

2019 ◽  
pp. 509-527
Author(s):  
Hasan Turgut
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
New Media ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Alternative Media ◽  
Social Media Networks ◽  
Transmedia Storytelling ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Channels

In today's world, it's impossible to think about social movements apart from the media, and it has become an obligation out of necessity to set alternative media channels in terms of social movements. The new media and social media networks have been used actively in the process of setting aforementioned alternative media channels. The use of alternative media as a means of criticism and resistance becomes possible with these media networks when they are used with effective communication strategies and techniques. Transmedia storytelling is the leading one among these effective communication strategies. Based on this assertion, in this study, how transmedia storytelling was used as a political advertising activity by the social movements will be analyzed through the example of Gezi Park protests that took place in Turkey in 2013.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Role of the Press in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Mohammadpour
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
The State ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Egyptian Revolution ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
Research Show ◽  
The Revolution

<p>The Egyptian Revolution of 2011, in fact was the result of crises in the Egyptian society; such as increasing social inequality and corruption and Mubarak’s efforts to inherit the presidency. These crises by the help of the media –from the press to the social networks- provided the grounds for shaping anti-Mubarak social movements and eventually led to fall him. In this regard, one of the most considerable point, was the salient role of the press and the print media in the process of the revolution. Traditionally, there have been three types of journalism system in Egypt: the state-owned, independent and partisan (party-run) press. In this context, the researcher has tried to answer this question: how was the role and position of each type of these press systems in Egypt in the process of the revolution -especially since January 25th until February 11, the day that Mubarak resigned-, and how effective were these roles and positions on the Egyptian Revolution of 2011?<strong></strong></p><p>In this regard, in addition to detailed introduction of the newspapers of each press, the emphasis is to observe their views and positions accurately and portray the main discrepancies between the state-owned press with the independent and partisan papers.</p>As the findings of the research show, it seems in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, the relative freedom of these traditional media in expressing their own views with the growth of the middle class, enabled Egypt to pass the Mubarak's thirty-year dictatorship by mobilizing their demands and forming powerful social movements.

Digital Rebellion

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Wolfson
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
New Media ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Cultural Logic ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Historical Antecedents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Media And Communication

This book examines the impact of new media and communication technologies on the spatial, strategic, and organizational fabric of social movements. It begins with the rise of the Zapatistas in the mid-1990s, and how aspects of the movement—network organizational structure, participatory democratic governance, and the use of communication tools as a binding agent—became essential parts of Indymedia and all Cyber Left organizations. From there the book charts the media-based think tanks and experiments that continued the Cyber Left's evolution through the Independent Media Center's birth around the 1999 WTO protests in Seattle. After examining the historical antecedents and rise of the global Indymedia network, the book melds virtual and traditional ethnographic practice to explore the Cyber Left's cultural logic, mapping the social, spatial and communicative structure of the Indymedia network and detailing its operations on the local, national and global level. It also looks at the participatory democracy that governs global social movements and the ways the movement's twin ideologies, democracy and decentralization, have come into tension, and how what the book calls the switchboard of struggle conducts stories of shared struggle from the hyper-local and dispersed worldwide. As the book shows, understanding the intersection of Indymedia and the Global Social Justice Movement illuminates their foundational role in the Occupy struggle, Arab Spring uprising, and the other emergent movements that have in recent years re-energized radical politics.

scholarly journals Media and Processes of Identity Formation in the Context of Migration

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (Occasional Papers) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Ernst ◽  
Heinz Moser
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Research ◽  
The Impact

In a highly industrialized and media-saturated country like Switzerland children of all origins are strong multimedia users. Switzerland has one of the highest proportions of migrants in Europe: About 20,5 percent of the population are of migrant origin. So far, media research in Switzerland focussing on children and young people has paid no special attention to the extent the cultural background may influence the media use, i.e. whether the media play a specific function in processes of identity-formation for these children. More detailed and qualified information on this topic is of interest when faced with the fact that the social background is still one of the key determinants of a successful career in our society. This paper will discuss first findings of a project focussing on the impact of the cultural background on the media use of children with a migrant background in Switzerland.

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