scholarly journals Correlation Between Total Flavonoid Contents and Macrophage Phagocytosis Activity of Fractions From Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) Barks Ethanolic Extract In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Munawaroh ◽  
Siswadi Siswadi ◽  
Erna Prawita Setyowati ◽  
Retno Murwanti ◽  
Triana Hertiani
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Phagocytosis Activity

On Timor island, Nusa Tenggara Timur, faloak barks (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) has been used empirically to restore stamina. Faloak bark ethanolic extract proved to have immunomodulatory activity in vitro, which can increase macrophage phagocytosis activity. This research aimed: (i) to determine the immunomodulatory active fraction of faloak bark ethanolic extract, (ii) to determine the total flavonoid contents of faloak extract and fractions, and (iii) to evaluate the correlation of the total flavonoid contents of those extract and fractions with their macrophage phagocytosis activity. The simplisia powder is macerated with 96% ethanol. The extract was dissolved in methanol:water (9:1v/v) was then subsequently partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water to obtain n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction, and insoluble fraction. Faloak extract and fractions at concentration 62,5; 125; 250; 500μg/mL were tested for their effect on the peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis of Balb/c mice in vitro by the latex beads method. Phagocytosis capacity and phagocytosis index were analyzed using one-way anova and post hoc Tukey HSD test with 95% confidence level. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction had the highest macrophage phagocytosis capacity and the highest total flavonoid content compared to other fractions. The highest macrophage phagocytosis capacity of ethyl acetate fraction at concentration of 250 μg/mL was 51,94±4,67%, this value was significantly different from cell control (7,50±1,29%), negative controls of 0,0625% dimethylsulphoxide (6,25±0,36%), as well as positive control of 200 μg/mL echinaceae extract syrup® (9,97±0,33%). The total flavonoid content of ethyl acetate fraction determined by aluminum chloride method was 4,290±0.029 mg of quercetin equivalent/g fraction. There was a positive and strong correlation between the total flavonoid content of these extract and fractions with their macrophage phagocytosis capacity (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0,781) and showing linear relationship y=4,721x+19,663; R2=0,61.

scholarly journals Kandungan Fenolik dan Flavonoid Total Daun Macaranga hispida (Blume) Mull. Arg sebagai Kandidat Obat Antidiabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Megawati Megawati ◽  
Sofa Fajriah ◽  
Edi Supriadi ◽  
Galuh Widiyarti
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Ic50 Value

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the non communicable diseases (NCDs) with the largest number of deaths in the world. The Macaranga hispida (Blume) Mull. Arg is a source of phenolic compounds. Phenolic is grouped as polyphenols group that widely functioned as antidiabetic. The α-glucosidase enzyme plays a role in the forming of glycoproteins and glycolipids. The α-glucosidase enzyme can be used for antidiabetic activity assay because of its capability on breaking down carbohydrate into glucose in the human small intestine. This study aimed to determine phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antidiabetic activity of M. hispida leaves extract and its fraction. The extract and fraction were tested for the phenolic levels using Folin-Ciocalteau method, the total flavonoid using alumunium chloride method, and the antidiabetic activity using α-glukosidase method. The yield of methanolic extract of the Macaranga hispida was 10.23%. Phenolic content of the ethyl acetate fraction from the methanolic extract was 8.411 mg, equivalent to gallic acid/100 mg extract. Total flavonoid content was 6.14 ± 0.31b/b μg/mL. Antidiabetic activity assay of the extract and the fractions of Macaranga hispida resulted the highest antidiabetic activity (IC50) was in the ethyl acetate fraction with IC50 value 21.91 μg / mL.

scholarly journals Correlation of Thrombolytic and Membrane Stabilizing Activities with Total Flavonoid Content Aerial Parts of Spondias pinnata

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal Uddin ◽  
Md Nurul Islam ◽  
Md Haider Ali ◽  
Shah Alam Khan ◽  
Zubair Khalid Labu
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Acetyl Salicylic Acid ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content

Spondias pinnata is a medicinal herb belonging to the family of Anacardiaceae. Locally it is known as Amra and has a history of ethno-medicinal properties. The crude ethanolic extract along with different partitionates of the leaves of S. pinnata were evaluated for their possible thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities. The activities of the leaf extract were evaluated by using standard drugs; streptokinase for thrombolytic and acetyl salicylic acid for anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, among all partitionates the ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed highest % of clot lysis (58.06%) as compared to (69.23%) and (3.03%) exhibited by the standard streptokinase and water. On the other hand, ethyl acetate soluble fractionates also significantly inhibits the haemolysis of human erythrocyte membrane both in induced by hypotonic solution (65.33 ± 0.50%) and by heat (56.22 ± 0.69%), respectively as compared to (75.92 ± 29%) and (71.12 ± 0.26%) demonstrated by acetyl salicylic acid. Our study revealed that satisfactory amount of flavonoid content (132.27 ± 0.25) showed a significant and positive correlation between total flavonoid content with thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(1): 48-52, 2016

scholarly journals Microscopic Identification and Determination of Total Flavonoid Content of Moringa Leaves Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction (Moringa oleifera L.)

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Annisa Fatmawati ◽  
Depita Sucianingsih ◽  
Riza Kurniawati ◽  
Muhammad Abdurrahman
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Microscopic Identification

This research was conducted to identify simplicia microscopically, phytochemical screening and determination of total flavonoid content of extract and ethyl acetate fraction from Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) leaves using UV-Visible Spectrophotometry method. The experimental design used in this study was to perform microscopic identification of Moringa leaf powder simplicia, make 96% and 70% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa leaves from 70% ethanol extract, then carry out phytochemical screening and determination of total flavonoid content with quercetin standards. Phytochemical screening on the ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa leaves included tests for the content of flavonoids, saponins, tannins and alkaloids. The results of microscopic identification of Moringa leaf simplicia showed the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in the form of rosettes, mesophyll and stomata. The result of determination of total flavonoid content in 96% ethanol extract was 16.69 ± 0.74% (w/w), 70% ethanol extract was 10.84 ± 0.49% (w/w), Moringa leaf ethyl acetate fraction 14 .45 ± 0.90% (w/w). The highest total flavonoid content was found in the 96% ethanol extract of Moringa leaves in accordance with the 2017 Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, that the thick extract of Moringa leaves containing no less than 6.30% (w/w) total flavonoids was calculated as quercetin.

In Vitro Antidiabetic, Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Methanolic Extract and Isolated Compound from Andrographispaniculata (Burm. F) Wall. Ex Nees from Kemaman, Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahaya Najib Sani ◽  
Mainul Haque ◽  
Amirah Wan- Azemin ◽  
Khamsah Suryati ◽  
Anam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Isolated Compound

Objective: This study investigated the activity of the extracts and the isolated compound on its potential in vitro antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and potential anti-cancer effect, total flavonoid content against alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition and on macrophage respectively from Andrographispaniculata (Burm. F) wall. Ex Nees. Methodology: The isolation of the constituents was done using column while the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic was done using nitric oxide and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay while anticancer assessment was done performed using cell viability on various human hepatocellular carcinoma cell) and Chang liver (normal cell line) were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolzyl-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: Although, the total flavonoid content was low, ethyl acetate extract indicated the highest total flavonoids content and it’s statistically different from methanol, ethanol: water (1:1 v/v) and aqueous extracts. Ethyl acetate extracts exhibited the highest percentage inhibition (29.8 %) against nitric oxide scavenging activity (NaNO2) compared to other extracts. Also, the isolated crystals showed a significant inhibition against NaNO2. Moreover, the ethyl acetate extract showed the highest percentage inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme with optimal concentration of 950μg/ml for 50 % inhibition (IC50) while the other three extracts (methanol, 50 % ethanol: water (1:1 v/v) and aqueous) indicated activity below 50 % inhibition which might be due to total flavonoid content. The potential anti-cancer effect indicates that both the methanol extract and crystals (AP02 and AP03) may have the same compound. Conclusion: The compound isolated might be Andrographolide and the activity might be due to flavonoid content for the extract.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KORELASI ANTARA FLAVONOID TOTAL DENGAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI DAUN GEDI HIJAU (Abelmoschus manihot L.)

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Josua A.T. Suoth ◽  
Sri Sudewi ◽  
Defny S. Wewengkang
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content

One chemichal component that is often reported to have pharmacological activity against treatment or prevention of disease is flavonoids which can be found in gedi hijau leaves. Staphylococcus aureus is the main cause of infection in humans which can cause various severe infections. This study aims to determine the total flavonoids content, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). To determine the correlation between total flavonoids and antibacterial activity of extract and fractions (Abelmoschus manihot L.), The method of this study was done by obtaining the results of total flavonoid content, testing the antibacterial activity by dilution using a positive control of ciprofloxacin. The results showed the highest total flavonoid content in ethyl acetate fraction, and the best antibacterial activity in ethyl acetate fraction. Correlation between total flavonoid content from extract and fraction (Abelmoschus manihot L.) with antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on ethyl acetate fraction, n-hexane fraction, and ethanol extract at a concentration of 1000 µg / mL had good values with kneeling significance values according to 0.012 (p <0.05), 0.034 (p <0.05), and 0.023 (p <0.05) with total flavonoid content affecting how much antibacterial activity is 40% for ethyl acetate fraction, 35% fraction n -heksane and 33% ethanol extract. Keywords         : Antibacterial, Total Flavonoids, Staphylococcus aureus, Abelmoschus manihot L. ABSTRAK Salah satu komponen kimia yang sering dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas farmakologi terhadap pengobatan atau pencegahan penyakit adalah flavonoid yang dapat ditemukan pada daun gedi hijau. Staphylococcus aureus merupakan kuman penyebab utama infeksi pada manusia yang dapat menyebabkan berbagai infeksi berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kandungan flavonoid total, aktivitas antibakteri dan korelasi antara flavonoid total dengan aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak dan fraksi (Abelmoschus manihot L.). Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mendapatkan hasil kandungan flavonoid total, uji aktivitas antibakteri dengan cara dilusi menggunakan kontrol positif ciprofloxacin. Hasil penelitian didapatkan kandungan flavonoid total tertinggi pada fraksi etil asetat, dan aktivitas antibakteri paling bagus pada fraksi etil asetat. Korelasi antara kandungan flavonoid total dari ekstrak dan fraksi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) dengan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada fraksi etil asetat, fraksi n-heksane, dan ekstrak etanol pada konsentrasi 1000 µg/mL memiliki nilai yang baik baik dengan nilai signifikansi bertutut-turut 0,012 (p <0,05), 0,034  (p <0,05), dan 0,023 (p <0,05) dengan kandungan flavonoid total mempengaruhi seberapa besar aktivitas antibakteri yaitu 40% untuk fraksi etil asetat, 35% fraksi n-heksane dan 33% ekstrak etanol.Kata kunci          : Antibakteri, Flavonoid Total, Staphylococcus aureus, Abelmoschus manihot L.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antiradikal Berbagai Fraksi dari Ekstrak Etanol dan Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Eugenia uniflora L

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Wahyu Utami ◽  
Muhammad Da’i ◽  
Viesa Rahayu ◽  
Prihantini Kurnia Sari ◽  
Dian Werdhi Kusumanegara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora ◽  
Free Radical Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Penelitian pendahuluan tentang aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak etil asetat daun dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) menunjukkan potensi anti radikal bebas yang tinggi dari kedua ekstrak. Oleh karena itu telah dilakukan fraksinasi ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak etil asetat daun dewandaru, serta pengujian aktivitas antiradikal dari masing-masing fraksi. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada korelasi antara kandungan fenol dan flavonoid total dalam berbagai fraksi tersebut dengan aktivitas antiradikalnya. Daun dewandaru diekstraksi dengan kloroform, etil asetat, dan etanol secara maserasi bertingkat. Selanjutnya dilakukan fraksinasi terhadap masing-masing ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak etil asetat menggunakan kromatografi kolom gravitasi dengan fase diam silika G60 dan fase gerak campuran perbandingan tertentu antara kloroform, etil asetat, etanol, dan air secara gradien kepolaran. Aktivitas antiradikal diukur secara spektrofotometri dengan pereaksi DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl) dan sebagai pembanding digunakan vitamin E. Penentuan kadar fenol dan flavonoid total dalam fraksi secara spektrofotometri menggunakan pereaksi Folin Ciocalteu untuk penetapan kadar fenol total, sedangkan untuk penentuan kadar flavonoid total menggunakan pereaksi AlCl3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi-fraksi dari ekstrak etil asetat dan ekstrak etanol daun dewandaru mempunyai aktivitas antiradikal yang cukup tinggi. Lima fraksi dari ekstrak etanol memiliki aktivitas antiradikal lebih tinggi dibanding vitamin E. Aktivitas antiradikal paling tinggi ditunjukkan dengan nilai ARP (antiradical power) sebesar 3496,5 mg DPPH/mg sampel, sedangkan vitamin E sebesar 1776,20 mg DPPH/mg sampel. Korelasi antara kadar fenol maupun flavonoid total dalam berbagai fraksi tersebut dengan aktivitas antiradikalnya menunjukkan korelasi positif dengan korelasi sebesar 0,55 dan 0,45. Berdasarkan hasil diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa fraksi-fraksi polar daun dewandaru mempunyai aktivitas antiradikal yang lebih tinggi daripada vitamin E, namun aktivitas tersebut berkorelasi rendah dengan kandungan fenol dan flavonoid totalnya.   Preliminary research on the antioxidant activity of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Dewandaru leaves (Eugenia uniflora L.) showed high anti-free radical potency from both extracts. Therefore fractionation of the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of dewandaru leaves was carried out, as well as evaluation of antiradical activity of each fraction. In addition, this study also aimed to determine whether there is a correlation between the phenol and total flavonoid content in various fractions with their anti-inflammatory activity.Dewandaru leaves were extracted by sequentially maceration with chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Furthermore, the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were fractionated  using gravity column chromatography with silica G60 as stationary phase and increasing polarity of mobile phase by  varying the ratio of chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Anti-free radical activity was determined using spectrophotometer and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl), vitamin E was used as a standard. Determination of total phenol and flavonoid content was determined using spectrophotometer, Folin Ciocalteu reagent was used to determine total phenolic content, meanwhile  ALCl3 reagent was used to determine total flavonoid content.  The results showed that fractions of  ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of dewandaru leaves showed high anti-free radical activity. Of all fractions, there 5 fractions of ethanol extract showed higher anti-free radical activity as compared to vitamin E.  The highest anti-free radical activity is indicated by ARP (antiradical power) value of 3496.5 mg DPPH/mg sample, meanwhile the ARP value of vitamin E was 1776,20 mg DPPH/mg sample. Correlation between total phenol and flavonoid content of those fractions indicated positive correlation with correlation value of 0.55 and 0.45 respectively. Based on the results, it can be concluded that polar fractions of dewandaru leaves displayed higher anti-free radical activity as compared to vitamin E, however those activitiesdid not have correlation with their total phenolic and flavonoid content

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND α-AMYLASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF PHYLLANTHUS INDOFISCHERI BENNET

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana S ◽  
Ramakrushna B. ◽  
Anitha S.
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Ic50 Values

Objective: The present study evaluates the antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity of leaf and bark extracts of Phyllanthus indofischeri with methanol and water as solvents. In addition to this, the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content was determined.Methods: The total phenolic and total flavonoid content of the extracts was determined by folin ciocaletus reagent method and aluminium chloride colorimetric method respectively. The antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity were measured by various assays, including α, α-diphenyl-ẞ-dipicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity by phosphomolybdate method and porcine pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory assay. The IC50 values were calculated and compared with standards such as gallic acid, ascorbic acid and α-acarbose.Results: The results illustrated that all the extracts of Phyllanthus indofischeri exhibit significant antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity. Among the extracts, methanolic leaf extract showed high levels of activity followed by bark water extract.Conclusion: Phyllanthus indofischeri extracts had shown antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity. On the basis of these results, Phyllanthus indofischeri can be used as a natural antioxidant and hypoglycemic agent against various disorders related to oxidative stress; and the isolation of bioactive compounds was warranted. 

scholarly journals Antimicrobial, Thrombolytic, Membrane Stabilizing Activities and Total Flavonoid Content of Various Partitionates of Aerial Parts of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal Uddin ◽  
Azima Sultana Julie ◽  
Md Haider Ali ◽  
Md Nurul Islam ◽  
Shah Alam Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Eclipta Alba ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
History Of

Eclipta alba is a medicinal herb belonging to the family of Asteraceae. Locally it is known as Kalokeshi and has a history of ethno-medicinal properties. The crude ethanolic extract of E. alba leaves was partitioned successively by solvents of different polarities. The crude extract along with different partitionates was evaluated for their possible antimicrobial, thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities. In this study, n-hexane soluble fraction (HXSF) showed 55.56% maximum activity against thrombosis in comparison with streptokinase (SK) 62.67%. For hypotonic solution- and heat-induced conditions, the n-hexane soluble fractionate (67.35 ± 0.50%) significantly inhibited the haemolysis of HRBCs by 67.35 ± 0.50% and 62.12 ± 0.69%, respectively as compared to the standard acetyl salicylic acid (77.91 ± 0.29%). The ethanol extract of the plant showed higher inhibitory action against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas fluroescens. The total flavonoid content was quite significant in ethanolic extract (142.17 ± 0.15 mg/g). Hence, the results of the present study revealed that the leaves of this traditional medicinal plant are a remedy for thrombosis, red blood cell membrane stabilization and microbial infections against some human pathogens.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(2): 207-213, 2015 (December)

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