scholarly journals Risk of Nephrotic Syndrome for Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Users

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1355-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bakhriansyah ◽  
Patrick C. Souverein ◽  
Martijn W.F. van den Hoogen ◽  
Anthonius de Boer ◽  
Olaf H. Klungel
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Syndrome Diagnosis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Diagnosis Date

Background and objectivesNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with AKI. Their association with nephrotic syndrome has not been systematically studied. This study aimed to assess the risk of nephrotic syndrome associated with NSAID use.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsA matched case-control study was performed in the UK primary care database. Cases were patients with a first diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome and controls were those without nephrotic syndrome. NSAID exposure (grouped either based on cyclooxygenase enzyme selectivity and chemical groups) was classified as either current (use at the nephrotic syndrome diagnosis date and corresponding date in the control group), recent, or past use. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression analysis.ResultsWe included 2620 cases and 10,454 controls. Compared with non-use, current use of 15–28 days and >28 days of conventional NSAIDs was associated with a higher relative risk of nephrotic syndrome: adjusted OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.70, and OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.79 to 2.55, respectively. Also, recent use (discontinuation 1–2 months before nephrotic syndrome diagnosis date; OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.15) and past use (discontinuation 2 months-2 years; OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.43), but not current use of <15 days (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.46 to 1.31) nor past use (discontinuation >2 years; OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.09) were associated with a higher relative risk of nephrotic syndrome as well as past use of selective COX-2 inhibitors (discontinuation 2–24 months; OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.58). Categorization based on chemical groups showed that acetic acid and propionic acid derivatives were associated with a higher risk of nephrotic syndrome.ConclusionsThe use of conventional NSAIDs was associated with a higher risk of nephrotic syndrome starting from at least 2 weeks of exposure, as well as for recent and past exposure up to 2 years before the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. This higher risk appeared mainly attributable to acetic acid and propionic acid derivatives.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITIES OF EURYCOMA LONGIFOLIA IN ANIMAL MODELS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Phebe Hendra ◽  
Fenty . ◽  
Putu Ririn Andreani ◽  
Bernadetha Maria Estika Pangestuti ◽  
Jeffry Julianus
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analgesic Activities ◽  
Enrich Diet ◽  
Digital Caliper

Objective: To investigate the antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of of E. longifolia root extract in animal models.Methods: In this study, glucose-fructose enriched diet-induced hyperlipidemia, carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-induced writhing were used to evaluate the anti-hypertriglyceridemia, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, respectively. At the end of the experiment of glucose-fructose enriched diet-induced hyperlipidemia, blood samples were collected and estimation of blood lipids were carried out. Edema thickness was measured using digital caliper at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, and 360 min after carrageenan injection. The number of abdominal writhing for each mouse was observed and counted during a period of 1 h post injection of acetic acid.Results: E. longifolia root extract demonstrated a significant reduction of triglyceride levels (p<0.05) compared with the control group in glucose-fructose enrich diet in rats. In anti-inflammatory test, the extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan induced paw edema formation (p<0.05). The extract also significantly decreased the number of writhing in acetic acid-induced mice (p<0.05).Conclusion: E. longifolia root extract shown a significant anti-hypertriglyceridemia, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Further studies are needed to determine mechanisms for its acitivities of E. longifolia root extract.

scholarly journals Pre-treatment Effect of Kombucha Tea on Analgesia and Inflammation in Male Rat

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Rabiei ◽  
Zahra Lorigooini ◽  
Fatemeh Firuzi ◽  
Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Kombucha Tea ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: The use of natural compounds in relieving pain has been commonplace since ancient times and their use is currently increasing. Objectives: Given that analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Kombucha have not been studied, this study was designed to examine these effects in vitro. Methods: In this experimental study, rats were divided into four groups. The control group received normal saline i.p in the same amount of the drug. The other groups received Kombucha tea i.p at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. Tail-flick and acetic acid tests were used to evaluate the analgesic effects of Kombucha tea and the xylene-induced ear inflammation test to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Kombucha tea. Results: Kombucha tea at three doses 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg significantly reduced the number of writhings in the acetic acid test. Kombucha tea at 1000 mg/kg significantly increased pain tolerance in the tail-flick test. Kombucha tea at 250 and 500 mg/kg could significantly reduce inflammation in the rat’s ear. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that Kombucha has analgesic effects in rats and can be considered in future treatments.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF ARTEMISIA AFRA IN WISTAR RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mavuto Gondwe ◽  
Anda Mpalala ◽  
Lusanda Zongo ◽  
David Kamadyaapa ◽  
Eugene Ndebia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Artemisia afra.Methods: Animals were randomly divided into five groups of six animals each and administered with normal saline (2 ml/kg), indomethacin (10 mg/ kg), and A. afra at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. For the anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced paw edema was used while the hot plate and acetic acid induced-writhing tests were used to assess the antinociceptive activity.Results: Pretreatment with A. afra at a dose of 100 mg/kg did not show any significant biological effects (p>0.05) for any of the three tests, when compared against saline-treated control group. At a dose of 200 mg/kg, A. afra demonstrated significant effects (p<0.01), during the 5th h reducing carrageenan-induced paw edema by 12%. The highest dose (400 mg/kg) of A. afra demonstrated more potent effects by decreasing the carrageenan-induced paw swelling (p<0.001–0.05) during the 3rd, 4th, and 5th h, by up to 38% when compared against saline-treated control group. Both the 200 and 400 mg/kg, A. afra doses achieved a significant increase (p<0.05) in reaction time in the hot plate test. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, pretreatment with A. afra (400 mg/kg) significantly reduced pain by 39% (p<0.01) by comparison with the saline control.Conclusion: Experimental data demonstrated that aqueous extract of A. afra possesses anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties in experimental acute inflammation and pain. These findings support the usage of A. afra in managing inflammation and pain in traditional practice.

Brufen in rheumatoid arthritis

1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 35-36
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Derivative ◽  
Phenylalkanoic Acid ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Propionic Acid Derivative

Ibuprofen (Brufen - Boots) is a propionic acid derivative of the group of anti-inflammatory compounds of the phenylalkanoic acid series.1 Ibufenac (Dytransin - Boots) which we reviewed in 19662 is an acetic acid member of the same series. Boots withdrew ibufenac in 1968 because it was suspected of causing jaundice.3

A note on the effects of monensin on the performance and on rumen metabolites of intact male cattle

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Holzer ◽  
D. Ilan ◽  
D. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACTTwo groups of 14 intact male weanling beef breed calves were each fed 1·45 kg oat hay daily and concentrates ad libitum, in a 158-day feeding trial. Group ‘a’ received 35 p.p.m. monensin in the concentrate. Group ‘b’ served as a control.Average daily gain was 1·28 and 1·27 kg, dressing percentage was 58·1 and 58·0, daily intake of concentrate was 8·10 and 8·79 kg and conversion ratio of metabolizable energy into live weight was 74·53 and 81·30 MJ/kg for the monensin and the control group respectively. The percentage of acetic acid in rumen liquor was reduced and that of propionic acid increased very markedly. As a result the acetic acid: propionic acid ratio was reduced from 3·2 in the control group to 1·8 in the monensin group. No peculiarity in the response of intact male cattle to monensin was observed.

Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Antioxidant Activities of the Hydroalcoholic Extract from Celery (Apium graveolens) Leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S237-S244
Author(s):  
A. Dellal ◽  
F. Toumi-Benali ◽  
M.M. Dif ◽  
S. Bouazza ◽  
S. Brikhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Celery (Apium graveolensL.) belongs to the Apiaceae family. It is a genus of an annual or biannual herb.A. graveolensis used in Algeria as a medicinal plant for the treatment of many diseases. This study was carried out to assess and confirm the in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of hydroalcoholic extract fromA. graveolensleaves. Wistar albino rats of both sexes, with different ages 2–3 months weighing between 160 and 250 g and Swiss albinosmice weighing 22–27 g were used for this study. The antiinflammatory activity was estimated by measuring the oedema induced by Carrageenan; the analgesic activity was performed by the acetic acid–induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw licking. The administration of hydroalcoholic extract at doses of 200, 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced the increase of the paw volume with an inhibition percentage of 80.17%, 86.50% and 89.66%, respectively; all doses showed a strong significant effect (p< 0.001). These results were similar to those obtained with piroxicam 78.93% and indometacine 76.13%. Although the same doses showed a high significant effect (p< 0.01) compared to the control group, the extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg registered higher levels of analgesic activity (17 ± 2.36) writhing (75.53% inhibition) than the standard drug paracetamol (30.5 ± 3.61) writhing; in the two tests, acetic acid induced writhing and formalin induced paw licking. The study of hydroalcoholic extract in vitro showed a high antioxidant capacity by inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (IC50= 1.29 mg/ml). In conclusion,A. graveolensis an interesting plant and the hydroalcoholic leaves extracts could be used scientifically in the treatment of acute inflammation and the peripheral analgesic activity.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Combined Administration of a-Tocopherol and Morphine in Acetic Acid Induced Writhing Test

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamanna Habib ◽  
Shelina Begum ◽  
Taskina Ali ◽  
Masud Imtiaz ◽  
Shahriar Masood
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Morphine Sulphate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Morphine represents the front line therapy for the clinical management of acute and chronic pain but has a number of side effects. So, to minimize the side effect of this tradition analgesic, this study is aimed to explore that combination of morphine and a-tocopherol (?T) are better analgesic as well as anti-inflammatory effect than that of morphine alone.Objective: to assess the effects of combination of morphine with a-tocopherol against nociceptive and inflammatory pain.Methods: This prospective experimental study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka from January 2013 to December 2013. For this purpose, 15 male Long Evans rats were studied. On the basis of vitamin and drug administrations, the rats were divided into three (3) groups (5 rats in each). Control group received normal saline, one experimental group received morphine sulphate (MS) at a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight and another experimental group received combination of DS with ?T at a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively. All the groups received single dose and equal volume (1 ml) through intraperitoneal route 1 hour before the test. Just one hour after administrations, they were subjected to acetic acid induced writhing test . The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni Post Hoc test.Results: combined administration of MS and ?T significantly lowered (p 0.05) the variables for visceral nociceptive pain and inflammatory pain than individual administration of MS. Conclusion: from this study it may be concluded that combined administration of morphine sulphate and a-tocopherol were more effective in lowering the nociceptive and inflammatory pain than individual administration of morphine.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 7, No. 2: Jul 2016, P 20-24

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory and analgesic action of 2-phenyl-5-benzothiazole acetic acid (K308) and 2-phenyl-5-benzothiazole propionic acid (K-309)

1974 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaito TSURUMI ◽  
Yasuzo HIRAMATSU ◽  
Motohide HAYASHI ◽  
Azuma YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Koichiro GO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Action ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clostridium butyricum and Their Combination Ameliorate Rumen Fermentation and Growth Performance of Heat-Stressed Goats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2116
Author(s):  
Liyuan Cai ◽  
Jiangkun Yu ◽  
Rudy Hartanto ◽  
Desheng Qi
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Control Group

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and their combination on rumen fermentation and growth performance of heat-stressed goats. Twelve heat-stressed goats (20.21 ± 2.30 kg) were divided equally into four groups: control group (CG, fed the basal diet, Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplemented group (SC, 0.60% Saccharomyces cerevisiae added to the basal diet), Clostridium butyricum supplemented group (CB, 0.05% Clostridium butyricum added to the basal diet), and their combination supplemented group (COM 0.60% Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 0.05% Clostridium butyricum added to the basal diet) and were assigned to a 4 × 3 incomplete Latin square design. The rumen fluid and feces were collected for fermentation parameters and feed digestibility analysis, and animal growth performance was also assessed during all the experiment periods. The results showed that rumen pH, rumen cellulolytic enzymes (avicelase, CMCaes, cellobiase, and xylanase) activities, and the concentrations of rumen total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), acetic acid, and propionic acid were significantly increased with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clostridium butyricum, and their combination supplementation (p < 0.05). Besides, the dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and the digestibility of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acidic detergent fiber (ADF) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) with supplemented these probiotics. However, the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration only significantly increased in CB and A/P ratio (acetic acid to propionic acid ratio) only significantly increased in SC and CB. These results indicated that the supplementation with these probiotics could ameliorate rumen fermentation and growth performance of heat-stressed goats.

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