A note on the effects of monensin on the performance and on rumen metabolites of intact male cattle

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Holzer ◽  
D. Ilan ◽  
D. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACTTwo groups of 14 intact male weanling beef breed calves were each fed 1·45 kg oat hay daily and concentrates ad libitum, in a 158-day feeding trial. Group ‘a’ received 35 p.p.m. monensin in the concentrate. Group ‘b’ served as a control.Average daily gain was 1·28 and 1·27 kg, dressing percentage was 58·1 and 58·0, daily intake of concentrate was 8·10 and 8·79 kg and conversion ratio of metabolizable energy into live weight was 74·53 and 81·30 MJ/kg for the monensin and the control group respectively. The percentage of acetic acid in rumen liquor was reduced and that of propionic acid increased very markedly. As a result the acetic acid: propionic acid ratio was reduced from 3·2 in the control group to 1·8 in the monensin group. No peculiarity in the response of intact male cattle to monensin was observed.

The utilization by beef cattle of concentrate diets containing different levels of milled barley straw and of protein

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Raven ◽  
T. J. Forbes ◽  
J. H. D. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Live Weight Gain

Summary1. An experiment consisting of two separate trials was carried out to study the utilization by beef cattle of high concentrate diets containing different amounts of milled barley straw and of protein. For each trial twenty-four Friesian steers, initially weighing about 270 kg, were divided into three groups and the animals within each group then allocated at random to eight dietary treatments. The treatments were based on an all-concentrate diet and three others containing 10, 20 and 30% of milled (1 in screen) barley straw. Four of the treatments consisted of giving the same concentrate mixture with each level of straw, and the other four involved giving concentrate mixtures with increasing levels of protein so that the percentage of protein in the diets was maintained. All the diets were fed ad libitum until slaughter.2. Performance in terms of live-weight gain was considered as the net result of a number of factors, notably the total intake of dry matter, the digestibility of the dry matter, the efficiency of utilization of the end products of fermentation in the rumen and the composition of the live-weight gain. The inclusions of 20 and 30% of straw in the diet were associated with lower rates of gain than on corresponding all-concentrate and 10% straw treatments but the differences obtained did not attain significance. Total intakes of dry matter were greater on treatments containing 10 and 20% of straw than on corresponding all-concentrate treatments, but then declined with further increase in level of straw to 30%. This trend was significantly curvilinear (P < 0·01), the equation for the relationship beingY = 5·881 + 0·131X - 0·004X2,with Y being the daily intake of dry matter (kg) and X the percentage of straw in the diet. The maximum intake of dry matter was calculated to occur with a level of 16·4% straw in the diet and represents an increase in total dry matter intake of 18·2% over that on an all-concentrate diet. Food conversion ratio, expressed as total dry matter consumed per kg live-weight gain, tended to increase with increasing proportion of straw in the diet.3. The mean digestibility of organic matter fell sharply with the inclusion of 10% straw in the ration, the decrease being 8·2% where the protein level was not maintained and 9·1% where it was maintained. Further reductions in digestibility occurred on the 20 and 30% straw diets, but the magnitude of the reductions were considerably less than those brought about by the initial introduction of straw into the ration.4. The molar percentage of acetic acid in the steam volatile acids of rumen liquor increased markedly, and that of propionic acid decreased sharply from the all-concentrate to the 10% straw treatment with a similar level of dietary protein. Increase in the level of straw to 30% gave rise to a further increase in the proportion of acetic acid and reduction in that of propionic acid. Analysis of samples taken at 3, 6, 9 and 12 h after feeding showed appreciable differences in pattern between treatments.5. Effects of treatment on killing-out percentage were different for each trial. In trial 1 the inclusion of straw in the diet did not cause any reduction in killing-out percentage, but the maintenance of protein level gave rise to a significantly higher killing-out percentage than was obtained with the lower protein groups. In trial 2 the killing-out percentages showed a significantly linear (P < 0·01) decrease with increasing proportion of straw in the ration, and maintenance of protein level did not give any improvement.

scholarly journals Efficiency of using energy supplement "RumiJoy" in the diets of replacement heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
A. M. Nemzorov ◽  
N. A. Larina ◽  
Yu. V. Ites
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Energy Supplement ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Experimental Group

The paper presents the results of scientific and economic experiment on the use of a new energy supplement in the diets of replacement young cattle in the post-milk period of rearing. The studies were carried out in2019 inthe conditions ofKemerovoregion in the summer and autumn period. Replacement heifers received an energy supplement mixed with concentrates in the amount of 20 ml per head per day. The experimental young animals were fed at a sufficiently high level (10.2–10.3 MJ of metabolizable energy), the amount of basic nutrients corresponded to the need. Feeding the supplement had a positive effect on the growth energy of the animals. It was established that the live weight of heifers in the experimental group reached139.2 kgby the end of the research, which is2.5 kghigher than the control. During the period of the experiment, the gross gain in live weight increased by an average of2.92 kgor 7.5%, the average daily gain exceeded control by48.6 g. When feeding the supplement, positive dynamics in hematological blood parameters was established. The amount of hemoglobin in the experimental group increased by 10.33 g/l, erythrocytes – by 0.21 million/ mm3, which characterizes the intensive course of redox processes in the body. An increase in the total protein and albumin transferases in the blood serum indicates a higher protein metabolism in comparison with the control group of young cattle. An increase in the content of globulins in the experimental group of calves by 27.43% indicates an improvement in the body immuno-defences due to the use of the supplement. The economic effect of using the energy supplement in the diets of heifers averaged 302.0 rubles per head, with a payback of 0.53 rubles.

The effectiveness of use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es when rearing of young pigs

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
S. Grikshas ◽  
N. Kulmakova ◽  
K. Spitsyna ◽  
A. Dar’in ◽  
T. Mittelshtein
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Experimental Group

Mycotoxins have been formed in feed are secondary metabolites of fungi and are quite stable substances that have teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. An effective way to combat mycotoxins in feed is the use of feed additives that adsorb toxins, prevent their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal and are excreted from the body. The infl uence of coconut enterosorbent Shelltic Es on fattening and meat qualities of young pigs has been studied. It has been found in the process of fattening that the highest feed digestibility was in pigs of the experimental group, in the diet of which enterosorbent has been added. The results of studies of the chemical composition and technological properties of pork have been provided. The positive eff ect of enterosorbent on precocity, absolute average daily gain of live weight and reduction of feed expenditures per 1 kg of gain has been revealed. In pigs from the experimental group the average thickness of the fat was higher and the area of the “muscle eye” was lower compared with animals of the control group, which indicates that higher rates of carcass yield have been obtained due to faster accumulation of fat tissue. The weight of internal organs of pigs indicates the intensity of metabolic processes in the body. In experimental animals the weight of the lungs was 0,1 kg lower, and the liver and heart were higher by 0,13 and 0,01 kg, respectively. Enterosorbent had no effect on the content of vitamins in the liver of pigs of the compared groups. The content of impurities of organochlorine toxicants and toxic elements in the meat and liver of animals of the experimental group was lower than that of control analogues. Therefore, the use of enterosorbent Shelltic Es promotes more active excretion of them from the body.

ORGANIC ACIDS IN FEEDING OF PIGS AND THEIR EFFECT ON PRODUCTIVITY AND CLINICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
L. A. Nikanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Orthophosphoric Acid ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Initial Dosage ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Group

The influence of feed additive "Ormik" consisting of organic acids (formic acid, lactic acid, orthophosphoric acid, acetic acid), as a filler of diatomite crumb, introduced into concentrated fodders, on the biochemical parameters of blood serum of pigs and on productivity is considered in the article. The studied feed additive was added to the feed daily in the form of loose powder, mixing thoroughly. The initial dosage of the feed additive in the 1st week was 1 g/kg of feed, 2nd week and the following – 3 g/kg of feed. The average daily gain in the live weight of pigs in the experimental group was 11,0% higher than the control group. The animals of the experimental group were less sick and the safety of this group was 100%, in the control group it was 90%.

Supplementary feeding of dairy cows on continuously stocked pasture

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Jennings ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Stocking Rates

SummaryTwo experiments were conducted with milking cows on continuously stocked perennial ryegrass pastures. In each a control group, T0, received 1 kg/day of a concentrate supplement and treatment groups T1 and T2 received 4 kg (Expt 1) or 5 kg/day (Expt 2) of a low quality T1 or a high quality T2 concentrate. In Expt 1 treatments were applied continuously for 14 weeks to a total of 30 cows. In Expt 2 a Latin square design for 9 weeks was conducted with 18 cows. The stocking rate of the pasture declined from 9·6 to 5·1 cows per ha (mean 6·7 cows/ha) from May to August (Expt 1) and was maintained at 3 cows/ha in August-October (Expt 2).Supplements increased total intakes by 0·92 and 0·77 kg organic matter (OM)/kg OM supplied in the concentrates respectively for Expts 1 and 2. Milk yields increased by 0·6 and 0·5 kg/kg concentrate supplied and supplemented cows showed small increases in live weight. Differences in lactation milk yield just approached significance. Grazing times were only slightly reduced by supplements and bite sizes were lower than normal. There was no important difference in animal performance between the two concentrates. The total output from the pasture was 19·6t milk and 115 GJ of utilized metabolizable energy per hectare.Reasons for the high supplementary effect of the concentrates and its implications for stocking rates are discussed.

scholarly journals Influence guanidinoacetic acid on the growth of young animals quails meat direction of productivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sychov ◽  
H. Pryumak
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Guanidinoacetic Acid ◽  
Relative Gains ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Different Levels

The effect of using different levels guanidinoacetic acid in compound feeds on the growth of young quails meat direction of productivity. It is proved that adding to the basic diet of different levels guanidinoacetic acid (0.06, 0.12, 0.18 %) increases live weight of quails on 3.9 – 13.5 g and improves the absolute, average daily and relative gains compared to a bird in the control group, which were fed the main diet. The data show that at the age of 42 days of live weight was the highest in the diet of quail which was administered 0.12% GAA and dominant control of 13.5 g However, in 21 days live weight of quail fed 0.06 and 0.12 % guanidinoacetic acid was greater than control respectively 9.2 and 7.6 grams (P < 0.01). In absolute increments quail, fed GAA prevailed bird control group. The largest absolute increase was in birds that consumed the main diet of GAA level of 0.12% and prevailed controls 6.5 g (P < 0.001). A similar situation was of average daily gain. Young animals that received feed containing 0.12% guanidinoacetic acid had the highest average growth, which exceeded 0.9 g (15.5%) bird control group. As for the relative performance increases here were different. The lowest relative growth observed in birds which were administered GAA 0.06%, it lagged behind the controls 0.1 g in the same period quail treated with 0.12 and 0, 18% guanidinoacetic acid superior control respectively 2 and 1.1 g.

Application of the feed additive «Abiotonic» in poultry farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Valentina M. Bachinskaya ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr A. Deltsov ◽  
Dmitrii V. Gonchar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Nonessential Amino Acids

This paper presents a study of the effect of the feed additive «Abiotonic» on the indicators of egg and meat productivity when applied to laying hens. It was found that with the additional introduction of this additive into the standard diet of poultry, the content of nonessential amino acids in their meat is 10% higher compared to the same parameters in the meat of chickens of the control group, the content of partially nonessential amino acids is by 8,5%, and of irreplaceable amino acids is by 6,7%. In addition, in the meat of laying hens, which used the feed additive «Abiotonic», the content of selenium (Se) is 29,4% higher than in the meat of birds of the control group, and iron (Fe) – by 20%. The average daily gain in live weight of the birds in the experimental group was 3,6 g more than in the control hens. Microbiological research made it possible to establish that poultry meat, regardless of the introduction of the feed additive «Abiotonik», meets the established requirements and is safe for human consumption. «Abiotonic», in addition, significantly improves the egg production of birds. It was found that the weight of eggs with the introduction of this feed additive in the diet in addition to the compound feed increased by an average of 1,2 g, and the egg production increased by 23 eggs in 7 days.

EFFECT OF VARIOUS FORMS OF SELENIUM ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND METABOLISM OF FATTENED YOUNG PIGS IN PRODUCTION CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
M.G. CHABAEV ◽  
◽  
E.YU. TSIS ◽  
R.V. NEKRASOV ◽  
M.I. KLEMENTEV
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Activity ◽  
Large White ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Young Pigs

Selenium plays an important role for maintaining complex and adequate nutrition of fattened young pigs. It also has a big biological importance to maintain growth and health, as well as for biochemical and physiological processes This study presents the results of a production experiment to determine the effect of organic and inorganic forms of selenium on growth indicators, immunohematological blood parameters and slaughter qualities of fattened pigs in period I and II. Test feeding with various forms of selenium has been implemented with two groups of analogs (N = 60; n = 30), taking into account age and live weight. The experiment was conducted on castrates of large white breed, which were divided into two groups of 30 heads each following the principle of analogues (taking into account their age, live weight). The studied fattened pigs received standard complete feeds of the SK-5 and SK-6 types for a period of 105 days. Growing pigs were fed with organic selenium for 20 mg/kg as part of the feed 64 mixture per head in the first and second period of fattening, while the animals of the control group were fed with 0.3 mg/kg of the inorganic form of selenium. Including a chelated form of selenium in the complete feed of castrates at the rate established in the course of scientific and economic studies has led to 757 g of average daily gain, which is 8.1% more as compared to the control group. The concentration of red blood cells in the blood of growing pigs fed with 20 mg/kg of selenium chelate increased by 6.3%, hemoglobin – by 2.4%, and white blood cells – by 7.1% as compared to the control. Feeding organic selenium to fattened young pigs contributed to a significant increase in specific units of protein activity by 38.65% (p < 0.01), BASC – by 7.63%, as well as lysis – by 40.06% (p < 0.05), and phagocytic activity by 3.33% in blood serum as compared to the control. The half-carcasses of hogs who had received fed rations including selenium chelate fetured slaughter weight and slaughter yield, respectively, higher – by 6.4 and 0.6% as compared with the control analogues. The use of the established norm of organic selenium in the diets of fattened young pigs according to the results of production testing is economically profitable and contributes to a per-head profit of 420 rubles.

scholarly journals Risk of Nephrotic Syndrome for Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Users

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1355-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bakhriansyah ◽  
Patrick C. Souverein ◽  
Martijn W.F. van den Hoogen ◽  
Anthonius de Boer ◽  
Olaf H. Klungel
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Syndrome Diagnosis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Diagnosis Date

Background and objectivesNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with AKI. Their association with nephrotic syndrome has not been systematically studied. This study aimed to assess the risk of nephrotic syndrome associated with NSAID use.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsA matched case-control study was performed in the UK primary care database. Cases were patients with a first diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome and controls were those without nephrotic syndrome. NSAID exposure (grouped either based on cyclooxygenase enzyme selectivity and chemical groups) was classified as either current (use at the nephrotic syndrome diagnosis date and corresponding date in the control group), recent, or past use. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression analysis.ResultsWe included 2620 cases and 10,454 controls. Compared with non-use, current use of 15–28 days and >28 days of conventional NSAIDs was associated with a higher relative risk of nephrotic syndrome: adjusted OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.70, and OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.79 to 2.55, respectively. Also, recent use (discontinuation 1–2 months before nephrotic syndrome diagnosis date; OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.15) and past use (discontinuation 2 months-2 years; OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.43), but not current use of <15 days (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.46 to 1.31) nor past use (discontinuation >2 years; OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.09) were associated with a higher relative risk of nephrotic syndrome as well as past use of selective COX-2 inhibitors (discontinuation 2–24 months; OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.58). Categorization based on chemical groups showed that acetic acid and propionic acid derivatives were associated with a higher risk of nephrotic syndrome.ConclusionsThe use of conventional NSAIDs was associated with a higher risk of nephrotic syndrome starting from at least 2 weeks of exposure, as well as for recent and past exposure up to 2 years before the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. This higher risk appeared mainly attributable to acetic acid and propionic acid derivatives.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF «YANTOVET» ON THE MEAT PRODUCTIVITY OF RABBITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
S.P. Arkhipova ◽  
◽  
L.F. Yakupova ◽  
O.A. Gracheva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Group

The introduction of «Yantovet» into the diet of rabbits at a dose of 0,33 ml per 1 kg of live weight has a stimulating effect on the intensity of their growth and productivity. By the end of the experiment, the live weight of the experimental group was higher than that of the control by 13 %. The average daily gain for the entire period of experiments in the experimental group exceeded the same indicator in the control by 38,7 %. The rabbits of the experimental group had a higher level of productivity, as the slaughter weight and slaughter yield of rabbit carcasses in the experimental group in relation to the control group were higher by 16,6 and 2,9 %. The study drug is recom-mended to be used in the diet of rabbits in the composition of drinking water.

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