scholarly journals Contrastive Analysis of Kibeembe and English sexist proverbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. p65
Author(s):  
Gemma Cliff Nguia Oniangué
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Social Discrimination ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Knowing That

Social discrimination in general and sexual one in particular bears several negative social impacts whose manifestations are even observable in human being behaviours through speech acts and proverbs in particular emphasizing on sexist aspect. Knowing that African customs are the basis or the foundation of the African people’s life, women are not given the same consideration as in Western countries. Accordingly, a look on the sexist proverb both in English and Kibeembe will help to see the actual place of women provided by these two respective communities. Finally, the data has shown in some respect that there are some similarities between English and Kibeembe sexist proverbs

Maternal affective input in mother–child interaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Jing-Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Pragmatic Development ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Mother Child Interaction ◽  
Parenting Approaches

Contrastive analysis of Chinese and American maternal affective speech acts revealed significant differences in the quantity of child-directed positive and negative speech acts. There were also important qualitative differences in specific types of maternal affective input. Results are consistent with available knowledge of cross-cultural differences in parenting approaches, and have implications for cross-cultural emotion and pragmatic development. Differential cultural values were addressed to account for the observed linguistic behaviors.

CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF REFUSAL EXPRESSIONS IN JAPANESE AND BAHASA AT WORKPLACE

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Maria Gustini
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Politeness Theory ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Age Range

This article examines Contrastive Analysis of Refusal in Indonesian language and Japanese language. Up to now, there have been no contrastive researchs which compare refusal speech acts within Indonesian language and Japanese language, focused on working situations. This article reports on a study to investigate differences and similarities in the politeness strategies of refusals between Japanese language (JS) and Indonesian language (IS). This study employed politeness theory of Brown and Levinson (1987). Therefore the participants of this research were Indonesian and Japanese who currently work in company, school, etc. This research used descriptive method and collecting data using DCT (Discourse Completion Test) in Indonesian and Japanese. Therefore, the research subjects were those who already worked with the age-range from 22 to 50 years. 40 native speakers of Indonesian (IS) and 40 native speakers of Japanese (JS) participated in this study. All participants were asked to fill out a Discourse Completion Test (DCT) which written in the form role-play questionaire, consisting of 3 situations. DCT situations were categorized based on power and familiarity/social distance between speaker and hearer. Results are as follows: (1) JS and IS using apology, reason, fuka, and requeirment in refusal act. (2) IS explain reason clearly in refusal act. Other hand JS using aimai reason. (3) JS used expressions of apology appropriately according to their power (hierarchical position), while IS made appropriate use of these expressions according to relative social distance. (4) IS tend to using requeirement in each refusal act.

scholarly journals Exploring The Significance of Proverbs in English Language

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Mukhalad Malik AL-Mutalabi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
English Language ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
The Will

Proverbs are by far the richest man's prominence being a privilege and a multifaceted reflection of communication activities. They serve the presence of an ongoing process of mentality as effective spoken or written instruments conveying countless senses, intentions, experiences, purposes and so on. This paper aims to explore the significance of proverbs at various levels of communications through a thorough depiction of the essential traits and various possible inherent and intended meanings which they convey. It is mainly concerned with viewing the communicative significance of proverbs through involving them to the possible speech acts they intend to provoke and through expounding the multiple congenital meanings which they imply when used in a communicative situation. It can be explicitly demonstrated through this paper that proverbs are used as an intrinsic estimation of the communication process emphasizing different values of instructive functions, moral considerations, knowledges, wisdoms and experiences at and for the will of human being.

scholarly journals Native-like Performance of Pragmatic Features: Speech Acts in Spanish

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Marta Vacas Matos ◽  
Andrew D. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Learning Style ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Nonnative Speakers ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Learning Style Preferences ◽  
Style Preferences ◽  
Learning Style Preference

Abstract This study had as its goal to investigate how nonnative speakers (NNSs) of Spanish were able to perform pragmatics which in various ways resembled that of native speakers (NSs). The study focused on three advanced NNSs of Spanish who had contributed data six years earlier to a corpus of NS and NNS speech acts of complimenting, apologizing and refusing. The purpose was to do a contrastive analysis comparing the pragmatic performance of NNSs and NSs in order to capture both similarities and areas where highly competent NNSs displayed knowledge gaps, however subtle. The subjects responded to a language background questionnaire regarding their learning of Spanish and also completed a learning style preference survey. They were then asked to revisit their earlier performance in pragmatics from the corpus data and to describe the strategies that they used to produce their highly-rated performance in Spanish pragmatics at that time. The findings revealed ways in which the three subjects differentially imitated NS behavior, and provided insights as to how they arrived at native-like behavior in their facial expressions, use of clicks, physical contact practices, colloquial language, and cursing. The subjects’ reported learning style preferences appeared to be generally consistent with the strategies that they reported using for dealing with the pragmatic features of interest, such as the way that they dealt with cursing.

scholarly journals THE PRAGMATICS OF REFUSING A REQUEST IN ITALIAN AND AMERICAN ENGLISH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-112
Author(s):  
Massimo Verzella ◽  
Laura Tommaso
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
American English ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Avoidance Strategies ◽  
Negative Face ◽  
Pragmatic Strategies ◽  
Cultural Pragmatics

This study falls in the area of cross-cultural pragmatics because it compares how speakers of American English and speakers of Italian refuse a request. We used a guided conversation protocol to elicit refusals to a request. The results show marked differences between the two groups. Speakers of American English tend to rely on Positive face strategies (praise, encouragement) to mitigate their refusals. In contrast, speakers of Italian tend to use Negative face strategies: lengthy explanations combined with apologies. Both groups used avoidance strategies, but speakers of American English were less likely to offer detailed explanations that require the disclosure of personal information. These findings show that pragmatic strategies to perform speech acts might vary significantly even when we compare groups from two different Western countries.

scholarly journals Las implicaciones sociales de la (des)cortesía en el lenguaje narrativo de los autores Nobel

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Manar Ahmed Elhalwany
Keyword(s):  
Social Criticism ◽  
Mario Vargas Llosa ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pragmatic Principle ◽  
Linguistic Level ◽  
Narrative Language

En este trabajo se expone un análisis contrastivo a nivel pragma-lingüístico del lenguaje narrativo en dos novelas: Charla sobre el Nilo del escritor Nobel egipcio Naguib Mahfuz y Conversación de la Catedral del novelista peruano Mario Vargas Llosa. El análisis se centra en el acuerdo intuitivo notable entre estos dos autores Nobel, a pesar de la distancia cultural, lingüística y geográfica, en desviar el Principio de Cortesía de Geoffery Leech. En ambas novelas se ve claro el uso de fórmulas lingüísticas que rompen la Cortesía pragmática con el fin de lograr una profunda y concienzuda crítica social de la realidad egipcia y peruana en la época de los años cincuenta y sesenta. A través de la violación del principio pragmático, ambos autores ganadores del Nobel, objeto de este estudio, buscan exponer una dolencia mayor que afecta a la sociedad tanto egipcia como peruana, una descortesía hacia los ciudadanos que pertenecen a diversos sectores y clases sociales. En las dos novelas analizadas, los novelistas encontraron en la transgresión del Principio de Cortesía el mejor camino para presentar las inquietudes y los conflictos constantes del ser humano contra su propia sociedad. Así mismo, tanto Mahfuz como Llosa, exponen las mentalidades que sustentan la estratificación de la sociedad, con sus respectivos prejuicios, creencias e ideologías. PALABRAS CLAVE: pragmática, cortesía, literatura del Nobel, Naguib Mahfuz, Vargas Llosa. The social implications of (im)politeness in narrative language of the Nobel authors ABSTRACTIn this paper, a contrastive analysis is presented at a pragmatic linguistic level of narrative language in two novels: Talking on the Nile of the Egyptian Nobel writer Naguib Mahfuz and Conversation of the Cathedral of the Peruvian novelist Mario Vargas Llosa. The analysis focuses on the remarkable intuitive agreement between these two Nobel authors in deviating from the Geoffery Leech Politeness Principle. In both novels it is clear the use of linguistic formulas that violates the pragmatic politeness in order to achieve a deep and thorough social criticism of the Egyptian and Peruvian reality in the time of the fifties and sixties. Through the violation of the pragmatic principle, both Nobel authors, the objective of this study, seek to expose a greater ailment that affects both Egyptian and Peruvian society, an impoliteness towards citizens belonging to various sectors and social classes. In the two novels analyzed, the novelists found in the transgression of the Principle of Courtesy the best way to present the concerns and constant conflicts of the human being against his own society. Likewise, both Mahfuz and Llosa, expose the mentalities that support the stratification of society, with their respective prejudices, beliefs and ideologies. KEYWORDS: Pragmatics, politeness, Nobel`s authors, Naguib Mahfuz, Mario Vargas Llosa.

scholarly journals Human Ecological Analysis of the Life of Pi

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
Man Bahadur Khattri
Keyword(s):  
Educational Background ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Knowing How ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Human Kind

In this article, I have discussed how can we analyze an adventurous and fantasy Novel like “Life of Pi” from human ecological perspective. Knowledge is generated and applied in diverse spatial and temporal contexts, which has varied implication to individuals, households, communities, and human kind as a whole. The implication confines not only to human being would be equally implicate to the surrounding of biotic and abiotic elements. The human ecological knowledge of “Life of Pi” is one of such case. The early life of Mr. Pi and his social educational background had great implication on his later academic life, thinking, acting and feeling as well as for livelihood. How diversity plays a great role in our perception and creates beautify of life around us? The difference between 'knowing how' and 'knowing that' is felt by people of different socio-economic background. Knowing how is more relevant in the context of practical or empirical knowledge. Knowing that is a formal informed knowledge with little connotation of empirical understanding. Combination of both types of knowledge is important in human ecological analysis. In this article I have tried to explore complex connectivity in relation with human being, diverse animal’s world, and landscape relation from human ecological perspective which can be vividly locate in the Novel.

Prayer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
George I. Mavrodes
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Intentional State ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Divine Presence ◽  
Communicative Act ◽  
Petitionary Prayer ◽  
Divine Mercy ◽  
The Way

The concept of prayer is now most commonly applied to any sort of communication which is addressed to God. That is, prayer is that activity in which believers take themselves to be speaking to God. One may ask God to do something (petitionary prayer), but that need not be the only sort of content that prayer may have. There are prayers in which one thanks God for something, and others in which one praises God and expresses one’s adoration. A worshipper may also pray to express (or to make) a commitment to God, or to make a vow. Penitents pray to confess their sins, to express their repentance, and to ask for divine mercy and forgiveness. In general, any sort of speech-act which might be addressed by one human being to another could also be addressed to God, and thus be a prayer. Some such acts (such as, perhaps, commanding) might be thought inappropriate when addressed to God, but no doubt there can be inappropriate prayers. And some prayers may even be tentative and unsure about the existence of the addressee, prayers which might be thought of as beginning ‘O God, if there is a God…’. Some writers, principally from within a tradition of mysticism, also apply the notion of prayer in a somewhat broader sense – in, for example, expressions like ‘prayer of quiet’ and ‘prayer of union’. Here ‘prayer’ seems to mean any intentional state – worship, adoration, enjoyment of the divine presence and love, and so forth – which the worshipper believes to be associated with a genuine contact with the divine, regardless of whether it contains an element of communication addressed to God. In the sense of a communication addressed to the divine, prayer seems to fit best with the theistic religions, which construe God as a person, or as something like a person. Here the addressee is taken to be someone who is an appropriate recipient of a communicative act. The fit seems rather more awkward in those religions which construe the divine reality in impersonal terms. With reference to prayer in the theistic religions, a principal topic of philosophical interest involves the omniscience and benevolence of God – if he knows all my needs and desires, why inform him of them through prayer? And will he not satisfy all my needs regardless of whether I pray? If divine benevolence is conditional on prayer, it seems less than perfect. A response to the first question is to point out that not all speech-acts need be construed as conveying information; a response to the second is to argue that our having to ask for things on behalf of ourselves and others might make for a better world than if this were not the case. Another issue is the way in which God responds to prayer. Some argue that God responds through miracles; others suggest that God, knowing our future prayers, providentially created a world that would satisfy them – thus prayer causally influences earlier events.

Black Skin, White Masks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Webber
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Social Discrimination ◽  
Value System ◽  
Black Skin ◽  
Shared Culture ◽  
Psychic Distress

This chapter argues that Frantz Fanon’s first book Black Skin, White Masks is unified by a profoundly existentialist conception of human being and psychological functioning. It argues against the prevailing reading of the book as a conceptually and methodologically eclectic analysis of various problems of colonialism that offers no prospect of a solution. Rather, the underlying argument of the book is that people become racialized through the collective sedimentation of a colonial value system. The shared culture is suffused with the classification of people into superior and inferior groups and the internalization of this classification causes both social discrimination and psychic distress. This is an existentialist theory because it denies that there is any human nature, any inbuilt traits of groups of people, or any innate traits of individuals. Racialization can be overcome by changing the shared culture that encodes and transmits it.

scholarly journals Le Mulâtre: A Call to Connection through Narrative Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1,2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Longard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
American Writer ◽  
History Of

The short story Le Mulâtre (1837) recounts the tragic history of a slave during Haiti’s turbulent 1790s. The first published work of Victor Séjour, it is the first known work of fiction by an African-American writer. At first glance a typical melodramatic tale of brigands, betrayal and revenge, the work is anything but typical in its stark depiction of Caribbean slavery and in its sophisticated use of narration and voice. Written when slavery was still being practiced by both France and the United States, this overt yet sensitive critique is a triumph of the narrative art.This article highlights a modern Structuralist analysis of narration. Séjour not only moves subtly through levels of narration but also through shifts of point of view within discourse and even within speech acts which form an almost unconscious commentary on the action. Moreover, the apparently standard tragic trope is undermined by a complex weaving of life histories in which the triumph of humanity overturns the notion of tragic loss. Thus a story of oppression and inevitability is structured within a voice of commentary, insight, and agency: Séjour succeeds in connecting the humanity on both sides of an inhuman war and in underscoring what is at stake for both master and slave in the continued exploitation of human being by human being.

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