scholarly journals Towards Promotion of Community rewards to Volunteer Community Health Workers? Lessons from Experiences of Village Health Teams in Luwero, Uganda

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanueil Benon Turinawe ◽  
Jude T. Rwemisisi ◽  
Laban K. Musinguzi ◽  
Marije de Groot ◽  
Denis Muhangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Village Health ◽  
Village Health Teams

<p><em>In the debate regarding volunteer Community Health Workers (CHWs) some argue that lack of remuneration is exploitation while others caution that any promise to pay volunteers will decrease the volunteer spirit. In this paper we discuss the possibility of community rewards for CHWs. Ethnographic fieldwork that lasted 18 months utilised methods including participant observation, FGDs, in-depth interviews and key informant interviews to gain insight into the dynamic relationship between volunteer CHWs known as Village Health Teams (VHTs) and the community. Contextual transcription was done and data was thematically analysed. Findings show that community members are willing to reward volunteer CHWs with cash, material and symbolic rewards in appreciation for their help. Factors crucial for this gesture included: care and recognition of the VHTs’ work by medical staff, fulfilment of the promises made to the community by government and exemplary behaviour by CHWs. Therefore, effort should be made to facilitate volunteer CHWs to be seen as helpful to their communities. Especially, there needs to be a smooth operation at the intersection between the VHTs, local government and medical structures. Community rewards could be a more sustainable way of motivating CHWs while a solution to health personnel shortage is sought. </em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Community Health Workers Working the Digital Archive: A Case for Looking at Participatory Archiving in Studying Stigma in the Context of HIV and AIDS

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naydene De Lange ◽  
Claudia Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Hiv Stigma ◽  
Digital Archive ◽  
Visual Data ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Addressing the issue of HIV-stigma is recognised as essential to reducing the spread of HIV and AIDS, enabling community members to access prevention, treatment and care. Often the very people who are able to contribute to solving the problem, are marginalised and do not see ways to insert themselves into dialogues related to combating stigma. Community health workers in rural South Africa are one such group. At the heart of the research discussed in this article is an intervention based on participatory analysis through participatory archiving ( Shilton and Srinivasan 2008 ). Drawing on participatory work with thirteen community health workers in rural KwaZulu-Natal, we use a digital archive containing HIV-stigma visual data - generated five years earlier by youth in the community - to engage the participants in the analysis. Drawing on such participatory work as Jenkins’ participatory cultures framework, we focus on the idea of re-using, re-coding, and re-mixing visual data. One participant stated that “these pictures talk about the real issues faced by our communities”, highlighting the value of resources generated by community members themselves. They also indicate that they “could use [the resources] to teach the cons of stigmatising”. A key concern in work related to visual images (particularly in projects such as ours where a large amount of visual data is produced) is to consider ways of extending its life through the use of community-based digital archives.

scholarly journals Connecting communities to primary care: a qualitative study on the roles, motivations and lived experiences of community health workers in the Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Mallari ◽  
Gideon Lasco ◽  
Don Jervis Sayman ◽  
Arianna Maever L. Amit ◽  
Dina Balabanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Community health workers (CHWs) are an important cadre of the primary health care (PHC) workforce in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The Philippines was an early adopter of the CHW model for the delivery of PHC, launching the Barangay (village) Health Worker (BHW) programme in the early 1980s, yet little is known about the factors that motivate and sustain BHWs’ largely voluntary involvement. This study aims to address this gap by examining the lived experiences and roles of BHWs in urban and rural sites in the Philippines. Methods This cross-sectional qualitative study draws on 23 semi-structured interviews held with BHWs from barangays in Valenzuela City (urban) and Quezon province (rural). A mixed inductive/ deductive approach was taken to generate themes, which were interpreted according to a theoretical framework of community mobilisation to understand how characteristics of the social context in which the BHW programme operates act as facilitators or barriers for community members to volunteer as BHWs. Results Interviewees identified a range of motivating factors to seek and sustain their BHW roles, including a variety of financial and non-financial incentives, gaining technical knowledge and skill, improving the health and wellbeing of community members, and increasing one’s social position. Furthermore, ensuring BHWs have adequate support and resources (e.g. allowances, medicine stocks) to execute their duties, and can contribute to decisions on their role in delivering community health services could increase both community participation and the overall impact of the BHW programme. Conclusions These findings underscore the importance of the symbolic, material and relational factors that influence community members to participate in CHW programmes. The lessons drawn could help to improve the impact and sustainability of similar programmes in other parts of the Philippines and that are currently being developed or strengthened in other LMICs.

scholarly journals Contextual factors affecting the integration of community health workers into the health system in Limpopo Province, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Jobson ◽  
Nireshni Naidoo ◽  
Nthabiseng Matlakala ◽  
Gert Marincowitz ◽  
Jean Railton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Abstract Background Community health workers (CHWs) are an essential cadre in the health systems of many low- and middle-income countries. These workers provide a wide variety of services and are key to ongoing processes of task shifting within human immunodeficiency virus programmes in particular. Ward-based outreach teams (WBOTs) are South Africa’s latest iteration of the CHW programme and have been introduced as part of the National Department of Health’s Primary Health Care Re-engineering programme. Methods In order to assess the perceived effectiveness of the WBOTs in supporting the ongoing rollout of antiretroviral therapy, tuberculosis care and patient support, we conducted a qualitative investigation focusing on the perceived successes and challenges of the programme among CHWs, community leaders, healthcare workers and community members in the Mopani district, Limpopo province, South Africa. Results The CHW programme operates across these contexts, each associated with its own set of challenges and opportunities. Conclusions While these challenges may be interrelated, a contextual analysis provides a useful means of understanding the programme’s implementation as part of ongoing decision-making processes.

scholarly journals Needs Assessment of Community Health Workers to enhance efficient delivery of their services for Community Case Management of Malaria in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle D. S. Boakye ◽  
Collins J. Owek ◽  
Elizabeth Oluoch ◽  
Sefa Bonsu Atakora ◽  
Juddy Wachira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Community Case Management ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract BackgroundMalaria continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. Community Case Management of malaria (CCMm) through engaging Community Health Workers (CHWs) to effectively address management of malaria cases in some endemic communities was explored in this study. We assessed the needs of CHWs that would help sustain and retain their services to enhance the efficient delivery of CCMm. MethodsData on the needs of CHWs was gathered through a qualitative study consisting of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted among study participants in five districts in western Kenya using a semi-structured questionnaire. The study participants comprised of 100 CHWs, 100 mothers of children under five years and 25 key informants made up of public health officers and clinicians involved in the CCMm. The interviews were conducted in English and Swahili or Dholuo, the local language. The recorded audio interviews were transcribed later. The analysis was done using NVivo version 7 software and transcripts were coded after which themes related to the objectives of the study were identified.ResultsAll the study participants recognized the need to train and update CHWs on their work as well as remunerating them for their services to enhance efficient delivery of services. The CHWs on their part perceived the provision of gloves, RDTs, lancets, cotton wool and ethanol, bins (to dispose of RDTs and lancets), together with drugs for treating clients as their essential needs to undertake CCMm in the communities. Other logistical needs and incentives mentioned by CHWs and key informants for the successful delivery of CCMm included: gumboots, raincoats, torch lights, mobile phones, means of transportation (bicycles and motorbikes), uniforms and ID cards for identification. ConclusionCHWs would perform tasks better and their services retained for a sustainable CCMm if properly incentivized, offered refresher trainings (and updates) on malaria and equipped with the requisite tools identified in this study.

scholarly journals Bringing Community Back to Community Health Worker Studies: Community interactions, data collection, and health information flows

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Ryan Obeysekare ◽  
Khanjan Mehta ◽  
Carleen Maitland
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Interactions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Potential Health

Community Health Workers (CHWs) have the potential to be a great resource in the further growth of the fledging healthcare systems that exist in many developing countries. Through their position as community members, CHWs can interact with other individuals in the areas where they live and work and serve as valuable health resources by providing basic health information and referrals up the healthcare chain. However, few studies have examined CHWs from a community-based perspective. This study analyzes the work and relationships of several CHWs working for the Mashavu mHealth venture in Nyeri, Kenya. Through the use of participant observation and interviews, the workflows of these CHWs were investigated with a specific eye towards interactions between CHWs and their communities and how these interactions affect potential health data collection opportunities. This community-based perspective reveals unique insights into the workflows of the CHWs and how technology might be designed to support them.

scholarly journals Reactions of community members regarding community health workers’ activities as a measure of the impact of a training program in Amazonas, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoko Kawasaki ◽  
Toru Sadamori ◽  
Terezinha Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
Megumi Akiyoshi ◽  
Mika Nishihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Perspectives and experiences of community health workers in Brazilian primary care centers using m-health tools in home visits with community members

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Schoen ◽  
John William Mallett ◽  
Rebecca Grossman-Kahn ◽  
Alexandra Brentani ◽  
Elizabeth Kaselitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Home Visits ◽  
Community Members

scholarly journals Community health workers’ involvement in the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in Wakiso District, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Musoke ◽  
Edwinah Atusingwize ◽  
Deborah Ikhile ◽  
Sarah Nalinya ◽  
Charles Ssemugabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Community Mobilisation ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Community health workers (CHWs) are an important cadre of the global health workforce as they are involved in providing health services at the community level. However, evidence on the role of CHWs in delivering interventions for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Uganda is limited. This study, therefore, assessed the involvement of CHWs in the prevention and control of NCDs in Wakiso District, Uganda with a focus on their knowledge, attitudes and practices, as well as community perceptions. Methods A cross-sectional study using mixed methods was conducted which involved a structured questionnaire among 485 CHWs, and 6 focus group discussions (FGDs) among community members. The study assessed knowledge, perceptions including the importance of the various risk factors, and the current involvement of CHWs in NCDs, including the challenges they faced. Quantitative data were analysed in STATA version 13.0 while thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data. Results The majority of CHWs (75.3%) correctly defined what NCDs are. Among CHWs who knew examples of NCDs (87.4%), the majority mentioned high blood pressure (77.1%), diabetes (73.4%) and cancer (63.0%). Many CHWs said that healthy diet (86.2%), physical activity (77.7%), avoiding smoking/tobacco use (70.9%), and limiting alcohol consumption (63.7%) were very important to prevent NCDs. Although more than half of the CHWs (63.1%) reported being involved in NCDs activities, only 20.9 and 20.6% had participated in community mobilisation and referral of patients respectively. The majority of CHWs (80.1%) who were involved in NCDs prevention and control reported challenges including inadequate knowledge (58.4%), lack of training (37.6%), and negative community perception towards NCDs (35.1%). From the FGDs, community members were concerned that CHWs did not have enough training on NCDs hence lacked enough information. Therefore, the community did not have much confidence in them regarding NCDs, hence rarely consulted them concerning these diseases. Conclusions Despite CHWs having some knowledge on NCDs and their risk factors, their involvement in the prevention and control of the diseases was low. Through enhanced training and community engagement, CHWs can contribute to the prevention and control of NCDs, including health education and community mobilisation.

scholarly journals Risk factors for childhood illness and death in rural Uttar Pradesh, India: perspectives from the community, community health workers and facility staff

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchan Srivastava ◽  
Ranjana Yadav ◽  
Lorine Pelly ◽  
Elisabeth Hamilton ◽  
Gaurav Kapoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Childhood Illness ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Facility Staff

Abstract Background Uttar Pradesh (UP), India continues to have a high burden of mortality among young children despite recent improvement. Therefore, it is vital to understand the risk factors associated with under-five (U5) deaths and episodes of severe illness in order to deliver programs targeted at decreasing mortality among U5 children in UP. However, in rural UP, almost every child has one or more commonly described risk factors, such as low socioeconomic status or undernutrition. Determining how risk factors for childhood illness and death are understood by community members, community health workers and facility staff in rural UP is important so that programs can identify the most vulnerable children. Methods This qualitative study was completed in three districts of UP that were part of a larger child health program. Twelve semi-structured interviews and 21 focus group discussions with 182 participants were conducted with community members (mothers and heads of households with U5 children), community health workers (CHWs; Accredited Social Health Activists and Auxiliary Nurse Midwives) and facility staff (medical officers and staff nurses). All interactions were recorded, transcribed and translated into English, coded and clustered by theme for analysis. The data presented are thematic areas that emerged around perceived risk factors for childhood illness and death. Results There were key differences among the three groups regarding the explanatory perspectives for identified risk factors. Some perspectives were completely divergent, such as why the location of the housing was a risk factor, whereas others were convergent, including the impact of seasonality and certain occupational factors. The classic explanatory risk factors for childhood illness and death identified in household surveys were often perceived as key risk factors by facility staff but not community members. However, overlapping views were frequently expressed by two of the groups with the CHWs bridging the perspectives of the community members and facility staff. Conclusion The bridging views of the CHWs can be leveraged to identify and focus their activities on the most vulnerable children in the communities they serve, link them to facilities when they become ill and drive innovations in program delivery throughout the community-facility continuum.

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