scholarly journals “NEWS ON AIR!” - AIR SURVEILLANCE REPORT FROM INTENSIVE CARE UNITS OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barnini Banerjee ◽  
Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Vandana Ke ◽  
Archana Bupendra ◽  
Muralidhar Varma
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

ABSTRACTBackground: The role of airborne microorganisms in the nosocomial infections is debatable since past. Very limited and inconclusive data availableabout the contribution of the air microflora, especially the multidrug resistant (MDR) one, to the hospital-acquired infections in the Intensive CareUnits (ICUs).Objective: To analyze the microbial population and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the indoor air in relation to the nosocomial infectionsin the different ICUs at different periods in the tertiary care hospital.Methods: Microbial monitoring of the air was performed in 5 different ICUs for 1 year by passive sampling method.Results: A total of 221 air samples were collected for 1 year from five different ICUs. 92.53% were Gram-positive bacteria and 8.11% were Gramnegativebacteria. Staphylococcus spp. (34.21%) and Acinetobacter spp. (63.04%) were the most common isolated bacteria among Gram-positiveand Gram-negative organisms, respectively, and among the fungal isolates, all of them were Aspergillus spp. (5.84%) from the air sample. Ventilatorassociatedpneumonia was the most common nosocomial infection and Acinetobacter spp. was the frequently isolated MDR organism.Conclusion: Air could be the major source of nosocomial infections by MDR Gram-negative organisms in the ICUs which require special attention andsurveillance.Keywords: Air sampling, Intensive Care Units, Multidrug-resistant organisms, Nosocomial infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antibiogram of Acinetobacter Species Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Sanjana Rajkumari ◽  
Shanti Pradhan ◽  
Damodar Sharma ◽  
Brajesh Jha
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Background: Acinetobacter species has emerged as a significant hospital pathogen, and are becoming        increasingly drug resistance. They cause outbreaks in intensive care units and health care units. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter spp isolated from various clinical samples collected from patients admitted in various wards and intensive care units of the hospital over a period of one year (March 2018 to Feb 2019).   Results: Out of 2,623 samples, 1,201(45.78%) yielded significant growth and out of these positive cultures, 138(11.49%) Acinetobacter spp were isolated. Majority of isolates 24(17.39%) were isolated from General intensive care unit (GICU). Maximum sensitivity of Acinetobacter spp was seen towards polymyxin B 138(100%) and colistin 138(100%), followed by tigecycline 127(92.02%). Hundred and one (80.43%) isolates were found to be multidrug resistant.   Conclusions: Acinetobacter isolates showed multidrug resistant pattern mostly in inpatients. To avoid resistance, antibiotics should be used judiciously. There is also an urgent need for emphasizing the       importance of hand washing and use of disinfectants in prevention of transmission of infection in health care setup. Keywords: Acinetobacter spp; prevalence; antibiotic resistance; intensive care units; multidrug           resistance.  

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Gram-Negative Isolated Bacilli in Intensive Care Units at a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Yucatán Mexico

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés H. Uc-Cachón ◽  
Carlos Gracida-Osorno ◽  
Iván G. Luna-Chi ◽  
Jonathan G. Jiménez-Guillermo ◽  
Gloria M. Molina-Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance Rates

Background and Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing worldwide and imposes significant life-threatening risks to several different populations, especially to those in intensive care units (ICU). The most commonly isolated organisms in ICU comprise gram-negative bacilli (GNB), and these represent a leading cause of serious infections. This study was conducted to describe the prevalence of resistance in GNB isolated from patients in adults, pediatric, and neonatal ICU in a tertiary-care hospital in Mérida, Mexico. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was done on samples collected in Neonatal (NICU), Pediatric (PICU) and Adult (AICU) ICU of Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social in Mérida, México. The identification of isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using an automated system. Results: A total of 517 GNB strains were isolated. The most common positive culture was bronchial secretions. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the prevalent pathogen in NICU and PICU, whereas Escherichia coli was common in the AICU. Overall, GNB exhibited a high resistance rates for Ampicillin (95.85%), Cefuroxime (84.17%), Piperacillin (82.93%), Cefotaxime (78.07%), Ceftriaxone (77.41%), Aztreonam (75.23%), Cefazolin (75.00%), and Ceftazidime (73.19%). There are significant differences in the resistance rates of GNB from different ICUs for penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones drugs. Escherichia coli (multidrug-resistant [MDR] = 91.57%, highly resistant microorganisms [HRMO] = 90.36%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR = 86.79%, HRMO = 83.02%) exhibited the highest percentage of MDR and HRMO profiles. The prevalence of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing isolates was 83.13% in E. coli, 78.84% in Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 66.67% in Proteus mirabilis, respectively. Conclusions: The high resistance rates to drugs were exhibited by our GNB isolates. Continuous surveillance and control of the use of antimicrobials are urgently needed to reduce the emergence and spreading of MDR, HRMO, and/or ESBL-producing bacilli.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile in Septicaemic Patients with Elevated C-reactive Protein in Intensive Care Units at A Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Hariharan ◽  
K.V. Leela ◽  
S.R. Manjula ◽  
A. Gomathi Chitra ◽  
A. Karthik
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Culture Positivity ◽  
Bacteriological Profile

Sepsis, the second leading cause of death is due to infections. Intensive care units (ICUs) are having the highest burden of treating the patients with sepsis and nosocomial infections compared to other areas of hospitals. Our objective was to identify the bacteriological profile and their antibiogram of sepsis cases in all ICUs. A sum of 102 blood samples were collected from patients with clinically suspected sepsis with elevated CRP. Processed by an automated method using Bact/Alert & growth were identified by Standard guidelines. Out of 102 samples, 54 (53%) were shown positive by culture. Gram-negative bacilli were the predominant and their number were 33 (61.1% ) and the commonest organisms were from the Enterobacteriaceae family. Escherichia coli was the highest number with 15 (27.7%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 10 (18.51%), & the rest were single isolates of Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis and Citrobacter koseri. Nonfermenter isolated were Acinetobacter baumanii 3 (5.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 (3.7%). The Gram-positive cocci were 17 & 32.4% of culture positivity. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the highest isolated accounting for 9 (16.6%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 6 (11.1%) and Enterococcus faecalis (3.7%). Culture positivity will be more when CRP is also included in the selection of samples for sepsis and Gram-negative bacilli are the leading cause in septicemia and organisms belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family still dominate in septicemia infections in ICUs and a real challenge for treatment are MDRs which needs to be detected regularly by using screening tests.

scholarly journals Current Pattern of Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter Baumannii from Intensive Care Units of Tertiary Care Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishrat Irfan Ali ◽  
Irfan Ali Khan ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Munir ◽  
Sheikh Ajaz Rasool
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Purpose:  </strong>To determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from ICU’s of tertiary care hospital in Karachi.</p><p><strong>Study Design:  </strong>A case control study.</p><p><strong>Methods:  </strong>Three hundred and fifteen clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii collected from different ICUs were evaluated during 1 year period. The isolates were identified by morphology, growth and biochemical characteristics, susceptibility to a panel of anti-microbial agents in disc diffusion assay and molecular characterization by PCR using glt A and gyr B genes.</p><p><strong>Results:  </strong>94% of Acinetobacter spp were detected as multi drug resistant (MDR) and sensitive to Polymixin B only. About 6% Acinetobacter spp were also MDR but sensitive to Polymixin B, Meropenem and Salbactum + Cefoperazone. All tested isolates exhibited differing resistance representation, as establish by medium incorporation – replica method, against different tested antibiotics, as follows: Amoxicillin – Cal-vulanic acid, Tazobactam, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Meropenem, Imipenem, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Chlo-ramphenicol, Cotrimoxazole, Tobramycin, Salbactam, Cefoperazone, Gentamicin and Amikacin. All the isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were PCR positive for glt A and gyr B.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:  </strong>Acinetobacter baumannii is the most frequently isolated and alarming pathogen in the health care system specifically for the patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Its survival in hospital environment is because of tolerance the antibiotics and antiseptic pressures. Multi drug resistance made this pathogen the lethal pathogen of this century to infect debilitated patients. There is a strict need to monitor the surveillance of global clones at institutional and or intra-institutional level for accurate treatment, precise prevention and batter control.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document