scholarly journals Prevalence and Antibiogram of Acinetobacter Species Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Sanjana Rajkumari ◽  
Shanti Pradhan ◽  
Damodar Sharma ◽  
Brajesh Jha
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Background: Acinetobacter species has emerged as a significant hospital pathogen, and are becoming        increasingly drug resistance. They cause outbreaks in intensive care units and health care units. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter spp isolated from various clinical samples collected from patients admitted in various wards and intensive care units of the hospital over a period of one year (March 2018 to Feb 2019).   Results: Out of 2,623 samples, 1,201(45.78%) yielded significant growth and out of these positive cultures, 138(11.49%) Acinetobacter spp were isolated. Majority of isolates 24(17.39%) were isolated from General intensive care unit (GICU). Maximum sensitivity of Acinetobacter spp was seen towards polymyxin B 138(100%) and colistin 138(100%), followed by tigecycline 127(92.02%). Hundred and one (80.43%) isolates were found to be multidrug resistant.   Conclusions: Acinetobacter isolates showed multidrug resistant pattern mostly in inpatients. To avoid resistance, antibiotics should be used judiciously. There is also an urgent need for emphasizing the       importance of hand washing and use of disinfectants in prevention of transmission of infection in health care setup. Keywords: Acinetobacter spp; prevalence; antibiotic resistance; intensive care units; multidrug           resistance.  

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND DRUG RESISTANCE IN ACINETOBACTER SP. ISOLATED FROM INTENSIVE CARE UNITS PATIENTS IN PUNJAB, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Tanvir Kaur ◽  
Chayanika Putatunda ◽  
Aroma Oberoi ◽  
Ashish Vyas ◽  
Gaurav Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp

Objective: This study was designed to study the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Acinetobacter sp. as isolated from patients lodged in intensive care units (ICUs) of a tertiary care hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.Methods: The clinical samples were simultaneously streaked on Blood agar and MacConkey agar. The identification of the bacterial isolates was carried out with the aid of Gram stain, motility test and along with a combination of other commonly employed biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of all the bacterial isolates was carried out on Muller-Hinton agar through Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Acinetobacter sp. formed a fair allowance contributing at 42% among all ICU culture positive samples. The respiratory tract samples had a major share at 63.15% for all samples attributed to be positive for Acinetobacter sp. nosocomial etiology. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern portrayed that more than 95% of Acinetobacter sp. isolates were multiple drug resistant (MDR) whereas >50% Acinetobacter sp. showed extensive drug resistant (XDR). The last resort for such Acinetobacter sp. nosocomial infections is left to colistin and polymyxin B.Conclusion: Acinetobacter sp. is a highly prevalent microorganism among ICU patients of Ludhiana, Punjab, India, while its potential to acquire resistance toward commonly used antibiotics represents it as a grave threat to the health-care industry, therefore signifying the need for its regular monitoring in the health-care setups.

scholarly journals Association of Biofilm Formation with Antimicrobial Resistance Among the Acinetobacter Species in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azizun Nahar ◽  
Shaheda Anwar ◽  
Md. Ruhul Amin Miah
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acinetobacter Species

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to detect biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species and to observe correlation between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance among Acinetobacter isolates. Methods: Two hundred fifty six clinical samples collected from patients who were admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and on device, patients from Surgery, Medicine, Gynae & Obs and Urology department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and from Burn unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital were included in this study. Biofilm formation and antibiotyping were performed for the isolates of Acinetobacter species recovered from clinical samples including tracheal aspirates, blood, urine, wound swab, pus, throat swab, endotracheal tubes, burn samples, ascitic fluid, sputum, aural swab, oral swab, cerebrospinal fluid, and catheter tip. Correlation of biofilm formation with antimicrobial resistance pattern among Acinetobacter isolates were also observed in this study. Result: A total of 256 various specimens were studied of which 95 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and 161 Non ICU samples. Out of 95 ICU and 161 Non ICU samples, Acinetobacter species were isolated from 32 (33.7%) and 20(12.4%) respectively. From 32 ICU and 20 Non ICU Acinetobacter isolates, 28 (87.5%) and 11 (55%) were biofilm producers. Biofilm forming capacity of Acinetobacter species was significantly (p<0.008) greater in ICU than in Non ICU isolates. In both ICU and Non ICU isolates, biofilm forming Acinetobacter species were 100% resistant to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, and aztreonam. Resistance to antibiotics such as gentamicin, amikacin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin and imipenem was higher among biofilm forming Acinetobacter isolates in ICU than Non ICU isolates. Susceptibility to colistin was 100% in Non ICU isolates but in ICU it showed 7.1% resistance. Conclusions: This investigation showed that most of the clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species were biofilm producers especially from ICU samples and they were multidrug resistant. Even polymixin resistant Acinetobacter isolates are slowly emerging. This is very alerming for us that biofilm forming multidrug resistant Acinetobacter species represents a severe threat in the treatment of hospitalized patients. So, antibiotic policy and guidelines are essential to eliminate major outbreak in future.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v14i1.14533 J MEDICINE 2013; 14 : 28-32

scholarly journals “NEWS ON AIR!” - AIR SURVEILLANCE REPORT FROM INTENSIVE CARE UNITS OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barnini Banerjee ◽  
Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Vandana Ke ◽  
Archana Bupendra ◽  
Muralidhar Varma
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

ABSTRACTBackground: The role of airborne microorganisms in the nosocomial infections is debatable since past. Very limited and inconclusive data availableabout the contribution of the air microflora, especially the multidrug resistant (MDR) one, to the hospital-acquired infections in the Intensive CareUnits (ICUs).Objective: To analyze the microbial population and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the indoor air in relation to the nosocomial infectionsin the different ICUs at different periods in the tertiary care hospital.Methods: Microbial monitoring of the air was performed in 5 different ICUs for 1 year by passive sampling method.Results: A total of 221 air samples were collected for 1 year from five different ICUs. 92.53% were Gram-positive bacteria and 8.11% were Gramnegativebacteria. Staphylococcus spp. (34.21%) and Acinetobacter spp. (63.04%) were the most common isolated bacteria among Gram-positiveand Gram-negative organisms, respectively, and among the fungal isolates, all of them were Aspergillus spp. (5.84%) from the air sample. Ventilatorassociatedpneumonia was the most common nosocomial infection and Acinetobacter spp. was the frequently isolated MDR organism.Conclusion: Air could be the major source of nosocomial infections by MDR Gram-negative organisms in the ICUs which require special attention andsurveillance.Keywords: Air sampling, Intensive Care Units, Multidrug-resistant organisms, Nosocomial infection.

scholarly journals Nosocomial Multi-Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter Infections - Clinical Findings, Risk Factors and Demographic Characteristics

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubina Lone ◽  
Azra Shah ◽  
SM Kadri ◽  
Shabana Lone ◽  
Shah Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant

Recently, Acinetobacter emerged as an important pathogen and the rate of isolation has increased since the last two decades worldwide. Objectives of the present study were to see the incidence of Acinetobacter infection at a tertiary care hospital at Kashmir, India, demographic features of the infections, species identification and antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern of the isolates. The clinical samples submitted to Microbiology laboratory at SKIMS over a period of 2 years (June, 2001 to June, 2003) were investigated. Identification, speciation and antibiotyping were performed for the isolates of Acinetobacter recovered from clinical samples including urine, pus, sputum, blood, CSF and other body fluids. Clinical and demographic characteristics were studied retrospectively. Out of a total of 5352 infected samples, 258 (4.8%) were found to be due to Acinetobacter. The organism was responsible for 76 (39.64%) cases of urinary tract infection and 38 (29.45%) cases of wound infection and was most prevalent in the intensive care unit (29.84%). A. baumannii was the most predominant species. Prolong hospital stay, Mechanical ventilation and Intensive Care Units were found to be potential risk factors. High level of resistance was recorded for Ampicillin (86.3%), Cefazolin (93.2%) Gentamicin (61.5%), Cefotaxime (65.8%), Ceftriaxone (61.5%) and Ciprofloxacin (69.2%). Although no specific pattern during antibiotyping was observed, but most of them were multi-drug resistant. Nosocomial infections by multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter have emerged as an increasing problem especially in the intensive care units of the hospital. The analysis of risk factors and susceptibility pattern will be useful in understanding epidemiology of this organism in a hospital setup. Key words: Acinetobacter, Nosocomial infection, Antibiotyping, Multi-drug resistant   doi: 10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2969 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2009; 03 (01): 34-38

scholarly journals Coexistence of β-Lactamases in Community-Acquired Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shahzad Mirza ◽  
Savita Jadhav ◽  
R. N. Misra ◽  
Nikunja Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
Control And Prevention

Introduction. The trends of β-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae is ever increasing, and limited studies have reported investigating coexistence of β lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae. A cross-sectional study after approval from the Institutional Ethical committee was conducted between June 2014 and May 2016 in community-acquired infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms in our tertiary care. Nonrepetitive clinical samples from the out-patient department (OPD) were processed for bacteriological culture and identification of Enterobacteriaceae. An antibiotic susceptibility test, screening, and phenotypic confirmation for ESBLs and carbapenemases and AmpC producers were performed to check for coexistence of these enzymes. Results. Nonrepetitive clinical specimens processed for culture and identification in our hospital revealed 417 positive isolates in community acquired infections which were multidrug-resistant organisms, and on screening for β-lactamases, 293 isolates were positive for one of the three beta lactamases, ESBL, AmpC, or carbapnemases. Coproduction of ESBL and MBL was seen in 5 isolates, 35 isolates showed coproduction of ESBL and AmpC enzymes, and AmpC and MBL coproduction was exhibited in only in 5 isolates. Conclusions. Coexistence of ESBLs, AmpC producers, and carbapenemases has been described. Continuous monitoring and surveillance and proper infection control and prevention practices will limit the further spread of these superbugs within the hospital and beyond.

scholarly journals Current Pattern of Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter Baumannii from Intensive Care Units of Tertiary Care Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishrat Irfan Ali ◽  
Irfan Ali Khan ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Munir ◽  
Sheikh Ajaz Rasool
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Purpose:  </strong>To determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from ICU’s of tertiary care hospital in Karachi.</p><p><strong>Study Design:  </strong>A case control study.</p><p><strong>Methods:  </strong>Three hundred and fifteen clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii collected from different ICUs were evaluated during 1 year period. The isolates were identified by morphology, growth and biochemical characteristics, susceptibility to a panel of anti-microbial agents in disc diffusion assay and molecular characterization by PCR using glt A and gyr B genes.</p><p><strong>Results:  </strong>94% of Acinetobacter spp were detected as multi drug resistant (MDR) and sensitive to Polymixin B only. About 6% Acinetobacter spp were also MDR but sensitive to Polymixin B, Meropenem and Salbactum + Cefoperazone. All tested isolates exhibited differing resistance representation, as establish by medium incorporation – replica method, against different tested antibiotics, as follows: Amoxicillin – Cal-vulanic acid, Tazobactam, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Meropenem, Imipenem, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Chlo-ramphenicol, Cotrimoxazole, Tobramycin, Salbactam, Cefoperazone, Gentamicin and Amikacin. All the isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were PCR positive for glt A and gyr B.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:  </strong>Acinetobacter baumannii is the most frequently isolated and alarming pathogen in the health care system specifically for the patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Its survival in hospital environment is because of tolerance the antibiotics and antiseptic pressures. Multi drug resistance made this pathogen the lethal pathogen of this century to infect debilitated patients. There is a strict need to monitor the surveillance of global clones at institutional and or intra-institutional level for accurate treatment, precise prevention and batter control.</p>

scholarly journals Bacterial coinfections and secondary infections in COVID-19 patients from a tertiary care hospital of northern India: Time to adhere to culture-based practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhawna Sharma ◽  
Priya Sreenivasan ◽  
Manisha Biswal ◽  
Varun Mahajan ◽  
Vikas Suri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: Bacterial co-pathogens are common in various viral respiratory tract infections, leading to increased disease severity and mortality. Still, they are understudied during large outbreaks and pandemics. This study was conducted to highlight the overall burden of these infections in COVID-19 patients admitted to our tertiary care hospital, along with their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Material and methods: During the six-month study period, clinical samples (blood samples, respiratory samples, and sterile body fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]) of COVID-19 patients with suspected bacterial coinfections (at presentation) or secondary infections (after 48 hours of hospitalization) were received and processed for the same. Results: Clinical samples of 814 COVID-19 patients were received for bacterial culture and susceptibility. Out of the total patient sample, 75% had already received empirical antibiotics before the samples were sent for analysis. Overall, 17.9% of cultures were positive for bacterial infections. Out of the total patients with bacterial infection, 74% (108/146) of patients had secondary bacterial infections (after 48 hours of hospitalization) and 26% (38/146) had bacterial coinfections (at the time of admission). Out of the 143 total isolates obtained, the majority (86%) were gram-negative organisms, of which Acinetobacter species was the commonest organism (35.6%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.1%). The majority (50.7%) of the pathogenic organisms reported were multidrug resistant. Conclusion: The overall rate of secondary bacterial infections (SBIs) in our study was lower (7.9%) than reported by other studies. A rational approach would be to adhere to the practice of initiating culture-based guidance for antibiotics and to restrict unnecessary empirical antimicrobial therapy.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF AGE ON OUTCOME OF COVID-19 PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-60
Author(s):  
Iffat Rafique ◽  
Muhammad Yasir ◽  
Nadeem Zia ◽  
Irfan Najm Sheen ◽  
Hamid Jamal Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: To assess the impact of age on outcome of COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Malir, Karachi, from Apr to Jun 2020. Methodology: This was a retrospective cross sectional study conducted at Combined Military Hospital Malir Karachi. About 120 positive cases of SARS COV-2 were studied, including males and females. Age range was 21-85 years. Patients were divided into groups according to age, group A (21-40 years), group B (41-55 years), group C (56-85 years). Presenting complaints and associated co morbidities were also analyzed. Mild cases were managed conservatively. Moderate to severe oxygen dependent cases were managed in intensive care units. Results: The mean age of patients was 40.24 years with 16.25 ± SD. Co- morbidities were noted in 67 (55.83%) patients, highest in group C, hypertension being the most common. Ten patients could not survive, due respiratory failure complicated by adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Bilateral infiltrates >50% observed in (14%) out of (n=120) patients. One hundred and ten patients were discharged with uneventful recovery. Conclusion: Mortality was highest among elderly patients with comorbidities. Therefore, international standing operative measures (SOPs) to be followed. Meticulous monitoring of vital signs and oxygen saturation in mild cases is the bare minimum requirement and timely appropriate treatment escalation of moderate to severe cases in intensive care units is the key to success.

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