scholarly journals THE RELIABILITY OF THE BOLTON RATIO WHEN APPLIED TO THE INDONESIAN POPULATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Joko Kusnoto
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

  Objective: The objective of this study is to determine whether Bolton ratio can be applied clinically to the Indonesian population and to determine a more suitable Bolton ratio for the Indonesian population.Methods: This study was conducted on 120 readily available study models of treated cases comprising 37 males and 83 females. Two investigators separately measured the mesiodistal crown width of maxillary and mandibular tooth on each study model using sliding calipers. According to Bolton’s method, the overall and anterior ratios from each sample were calculated and the mean was generated. Using Student’s t-test with a 95% confidence interval, the investigators compared whether there is a significant difference between the ratio from Bolton’s samples and the ratio from the Indonesian samples.Results: The result of this study showed that, for Indonesian samples, the overall ratio is 89.7±2.05, while the anterior ratio is 76.4±2.76. Student’s t-test showed that there is a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the results of this study and that of Bolton’s study for both the anterior and overall ratios.Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a difference between Indonesian population and Caucasian population in tooth size and Bolton ratio value. Therefore, original Bolton ratio value cannot be used as an accurate diagnostic tool for Indonesian population.

scholarly journals Microsurgical clipping in forty patients with unruptured anterior cerebral circulation aneurysms: an investigation into cognitive outcome

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur A Pereira-Filho ◽  
Adriana G Pereira ◽  
Mário B Faria ◽  
Leonardo C.S Lima ◽  
Mirna W Portuguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mmse Score ◽  
T Test ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Microsurgical Clipping ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

OBJECTIVE: It is a consensus that most unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) can be treated with acceptably low morbidity. However, some studies recently reported postoperative cognitive impairment, suggesting that it could be attributable to surgical damage. Our goal is to evaluate cognitive function before and after microsurgical clipping in patients with UIA. METHOD: A consecutive series of 40 patients who underwent microsurgical clipping for UIA were studied. The cognitive assessment (Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE) was performed immediately before and at least one month after surgery. Paired Student's "t" test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical purposes. RESULTS: The mean MMSE score in the preoperative analysis was 28.12 (SD, 1.34). In the postoperative period the mean MMSE score was 28.40 (SD, 1.46). Paired Student's "t" test was applied to the scores and no significant difference was found (p=0.315). ANOVA did not find independent associations between MMSE scores and age, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, education, aneurysm location, number, laterality or size. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that microsurgical clipping for UIA does not result in major cognitive dysfunction as determined by the MMSE

Rate nephelometry and radial immunodiffusion compared for measuring serum prealbumin.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
B M Goldsmith ◽  
S Munson
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
T Test ◽  
Radial Immunodiffusion ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Nephelometric Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract We compared a rate-nephelometric method and a radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay for measurement of prealbumin (transthyretin) in 55 samples of serum from healthy children. The mean prealbumin concentration as measured by the Beckman Auto ICS nephelometer was 188 mg/L (range 128-350); the mean by RID was 221 mg/L (range 125-419). This difference was statistically significant by Student's t-test (p less than 0.05), but the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.95. To determine a reference interval for prealbumin in children by the Auto ICS method, we assayed samples from 93 healthy children between the ages of one day and 18 years (55 boys, 38 girls). The mean was 191 mg/L, the reference interval (mean +/- 2 SD) 109-273 mg/L. There was no significant difference in prealbumin concentrations between girls and boys (Student's t-test, p greater than 0.05). Evidently the Beckman Auto ICS method measures prealbumin in serum rapidly and accurately.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of Slow-Stroke Back Massage on the Anxiety of Candidates for Cataract Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Maryam Keramati, MD ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Sargolzaei, MSc ◽  
Ali Moghadasi ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad, MSc ◽  
Reza Mohammadpourhodki
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Dependent Samples ◽  
Student’S T Test ◽  
Back Massage

Background: The patients under cataract sur-gery often experience anxiety not only during the surgery, but also prior to the surgery.Purpose: We sought to determine the effects of slow-stroke back massage on anxiety in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Setting: The study was conducted in the Amiral-momenin Hospital of Zabol city, south-east of Iran.Participants: A total of 60 candidates of cataract surgery participated in the study.Research Design: The participants were ran-domly allocated to either control or intervention groups. The intervention group received slow-stroke back massages, while patients in control group received routine interventions.Intervention: The slow-stroke back massage was performed on the patients assigned to the interven-tion group. The intervention was performed in the morning of the surgery day at 30 minutes before the surgery. The researcher performed each mas-sage session in a sitting position. The duration of each massage session was 15 minutes. Main Outcome Measures: Anxiety was assessed in the both groups in the morning of the surgery, before and immediately after the intervention. In-dependent samples Student’s t test, paired samples Student’s t test, and chi-squared test were used to analyze the data.Results: Anxiety was not significantly different between the two groups before and after the mas-sage (p = .816). On the other hand, paired samples Student’s t test showed a significant difference comparing the anxiety scores before (49.7±5.43) and after (45.16±3.89) the massage in the interven-tion group (p < .001). Conclusions: Based on our results, slow-stroke back massage, which is a low-cost and safe method, reduced anxiety in patients who were candidates for cataract surgery.

Application of the Clarifying Reagent Index as a Heat-Induced Parameter in Commercial Milk

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 1241-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO J. MORALES ◽  
CARMEN ROMERO ◽  
SALVIO JIMÉNEZ-PÉREZ
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Zero Order Kinetics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Available Lysine ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Sterilized Milk ◽  
Student’S T Test

The absorbance at 340 nm of transparent modified milk solutions (designated as Clarifying Reagent index) from industrially processed samples as well as from milk-resembling systems was measured in order to test the validity of this index for determining the extent of previous heat treatment. A statistical study (n = 81) of the Clarifying Reagent index of different commercial milks was carried out. There was a significant difference (P &lt; 0.001, Student's t test) between three groups of samples: (1) raw and pasteurized milk, (2) UHT-treated milk, and (3) in-bottle sterilized milk. The Clarifying Reagent index showed significant relationships (P &lt; 0.001, Student's t test) with other heat-induced parameters such as hydroxymethylfurfural formation, loss of available lysine, and free fluorescent intermediary compounds formed by the Maillard reaction. Between 90 and 140°C, the Clarifying Reagent index of the clarified milk or milk-resembling systems followed zero-order kinetics as determined by nonlinear regression analysis.

scholarly journals Influence of toothbrushing on enamel softening and abrasive wear of eroded bovine enamel: an in situ study

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Rios ◽  
Heitor Marques Honório ◽  
Ana Carolina Magalhães ◽  
Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf ◽  
Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Enamel Layer ◽  
Student’S T Test

This study assessed the surface softening and abrasive wear of eroded bovine enamel with or without the influence of toothbrushing. Five volunteers took part in this in situ study of 5 days. They wore acrylic palatal appliances containing 6 bovine enamel blocks divided in two rows with 3 blocks, which corresponded to the studied groups: erosion without toothbrushing (GI) and erosion with toothbrushing (GII). The blocks were subjected to erosion by immersion of the appliances in a cola drink for 10 minutes, 4 times a day. After that, no treatment was performed in one row (GI), whereas the other row was brushed (GII). The appliance was then replaced into the mouth. Enamel alterations were determined using profilometry and microhardness tests. Data were tested using paired Student’s t test (p < 0.05). The mean wear values (µm) and percentage of superficial microhardness change (%SMHC) were respectively: GI - 2.77 ± 1.21/91.61 ± 3.68 and GII - 3.80 ± 0.91/58.77 ± 11.47. There was a significant difference in wear (p = 0.001) and %SMHC (p = 0.001) between the groups. It was concluded that the wear was more pronounced when associated to toothbrushing abrasion. However, toothbrushing promoted less %SMHC due to the removal of the altered superficial enamel layer.

CuSO4-TiO2 as Kjeldahl Digestion Catalyst in Manual Determination of Crude Protein in Animal Feeds

1986 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-666
Author(s):  
Peter F Kane
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
T Test ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Animal Feeds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kjeldahl Digestion ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract The official AOAC manual Kjeldahl methods for determining crude protein in animal feeds have several disadvantages. For the HgO catalyst method, there are environmental concerns and a lengthy digestion. For the CuS04 catalyst method, the digestion period is shorter, but still 90 min. A different catalyst combination, CuS04-Ti02, makes 40 min digestion feasible. Comparison of these catalysts on a group of representative feeds resulted in a mean difference, Cu-Ti minus HgO, of 0.034% protein. Standard deviation of the differences was 0.36. A Student’s t-test showed no significant difference. The method will be collaboratively studied.

scholarly journals Prevalence of fatigue reported by physiotherapists operating diathermy equipment for microwave

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria das Graças Anguera ◽  
Reinaldo José Gianini
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
T Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Microwave Diathermy ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective: To Analyze the association between prevalence of fatigue referred by physical therapists and their occupational exposure to radiation emitted by therapeutic microwave diathermy equipment. Methods: A Cross-sectional study conducted in 193 physical therapists from four cities of the west of Paraná State, Brazil. A specified structured web questionnaire was applied for collecting data about microwave diathermy exposition and potential confounders, plus the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF). Statistical analysis included logistic regression and Student's t-test. Results: The prevalence of fatigue in the category exposed to microwave diathermy was higher (15.0%) than in non-exposed (2.9%). On multivariate logistic regression, a significant independent association between exposure to microwave diathermy and prevalence of fatigue was observed (odds ratio 4.93; 95% confidence interval 1.04 - 23.25; p = 0.04). The Student's t-test showed significant difference between the number of hours exposed to diathermy microwave, being 3,839.1 within physical therapists who referred fatigue and 497.6 within others (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The results demonstrate a significant and independent association between occupational exposure of physical therapists to radiation of microwave diathermy and prevalence of fatigue. Therefore, occupational safety guidelines aimed at these professionals as a prevention of possible adverse effects, as well as the replication of this study are suggested.

scholarly journals In vitro study of marginal, internal and proximal adaptation of implant-supported single-crown CAD/CAM restorations

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e207286
Author(s):  
Kamila Aguiar Figueiredo Alves ◽  
Janaina Emanuela Damasceno ◽  
Viviane Maia Barreto de Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Cavalcanti Bastos ◽  
Andrea Nóbrega Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
T Test ◽  
Digital Impression ◽  
Single Crown ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Student’S T Test

Aim: This study evaluated the precision of a CAD/CAM system by measuring marginal, internal and proximal fits in implantsupported single-crown restorations. Methods: Ten models of the upper arch were made in which implants replaced the upper left premolars. For fabrication of the zirconia infrastructures, titanium bases (TiBase) were coded and scanned using a scan body. A second digital impression was made for the fabrication of prostheses. Silicone impression material was used to determine the internal clearance between the TiBase and infrastructure and between the infrastructure and crown, whose thickness was measured at three points [P1 (cervical), P2 (middle) and P3 (occlusal)] with a stereoscopic microscope at 70x and 100x magnification. One-way ANOVA for repeated measures and the Student t-test were used for the analysis of internal and marginal adaptation. Proximal contacts were analyzed qualitatively. Results: There was no significant difference between the teeth evaluated (Student’s t-test; p>0.05) or between the corresponding points evaluated in either tooth (one-way ANOVA; p>0.05). Analysis of the internal clearance between the infrastructure and crown demonstrated that all points were significantly different compared to the reference standardized at 100 μm (Student’s t-test p<0.0001). There was no significant difference between P1 and P2, with the thickness at these two points being lower than that obtained at P3 (one-way ANOVA, p<0.05). The proximal contacts did not coincide with the quality defined by the device. Conclusion: The system tested was unable to produce implantsupported single-crown ceramic restorations with marginal, internal and proximal fits matching the digital workflow, with the inferior fits requiring adjustment prior to cementation.

scholarly journals URINARY STONE RISK PROFILE IN STONE FORMER PATIENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommie Prasetyo ◽  
Ponco Birowo ◽  
Nur Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Normal Population ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stone Former ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnesium Oxalate ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective: We were comparing the urinary stone risk profiles in stone former subjects group with normal population (non stone-former) group. Material & method: In this study, each group consist of 10 subjects. Urine samples used was a 24-hour-urine. All subjects in this study were previously informed and voluntarily participating. Inclusion criteria in this study were adult, stone free, residing in Jakarta. Measurement was performed in Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Indonesia University. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20 (Chicago, USA) with Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney (p < 0.05 was considered significant). Results: There was a significant difference in the mean age of two groups with no significant difference in weight and height. Significant difference (p < 0.05) in urinary profile was found in urea, uric acid, chloride, potassium, phosphate, and ammonia. Conversely, we found no significant differences (p > 0.05) in sodium, creatinine, calcium, magnesium, oxalate, and citrate levels. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in urinary stone promoting and inhibiting factors between two groups. Bigger number of sample size with better sampling method must be conducted for future studies.

Assessment of the quality of mobile applications created for arbovirus prevention in Brazil using the Mobile Apps Rating Scale (MARS): review and analysis of content (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Albino ◽  
Izabelly Dutra Fernandes ◽  
Ricardo Gomes ◽  
Tais Acácia Santos-Silva ◽  
Roberta Smania-Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
T Test ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

BACKGROUND In Brazil, the prevalence of diseases caused by arboviruses has increased alarmingly in recent years. Information and communication technologies, especially mobile technologies, has been used to engage the population and to change their practices in order to control the rising of mosquitos. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to perform a survey of the applications (apps) created for prevention and health promotion in relation to arbovirus diseases transmitted by Aedes Aegypti – such as dengue, zika and chikungunya – as well as classify the quality of these apps based on the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). The assessment also investigated whether these apps were elaborated considering the theories of behaviour change. METHODS The analysis of the apps for mobile devices was performed using the Android operating system and the Google’s app store. The search terms used were "Chikungunya", "Dengue" and "Zika". The apps were independently analysed by two researchers after a period of training using the MARS scale. Student's T-test was performed to compare the means obtained by the two researchers in order to evaluate if they had a significant difference at the 5% level. The Kappa test was used to evaluate the interobserver agreement for binary categorical variables and for variables using Likert scale. The reliability of the scale was estimated using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS Many of the evaluated apps accomplish their goals of transmitting information in an interactive way, but they do not necessarily have the purpose of influencing their users to change behaviours related to the control of disease-vector mosquitoes. Student's T-test did not show significant differences in scores of the different sections of the MARS except for the engagement. Three variables had an almost perfect or strong agreement using Kappa (above 0.61): whether the apps could be classified as informative, had a geolocation feature and were used to entertainment. Cronbach’s Alpha showed good reliability of the MARSs. This study also showed that it is necessary to create and regulate evaluation, dissemination and storage policies for these apps so that, over the years, a deeper analysis of the role of these tools in health promotion can be investigated and better understood. CONCLUSIONS In Brazil, the vast majority of apps, created to prevent arboviroses, were developed for informational or entertainment purposes and they were not explicitly based on health behaviour theories.

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