scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIMYCOTIC EVALUATION AND PRELIMINARY COMBINATORIAL STUDIES OF IBUPROFEN WITH STANDARD ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS AGAINST ASPERGILLUS SPP.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Mrridula Dangi Narwal ◽  
Meenakshi Balhara ◽  
Renu Chaudhary ◽  
Anil Kumar Chhillar
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Dilution Assay ◽  
Invasive Mycoses ◽  
Diffusion Assay ◽  
Microbroth Dilution

Objective: The prevalence of invasive mycoses is increased in the immunocompromised patients with an increase in resistance developed againstcurrent antifungal drugs. This has led to the need for discovering novel combinations of the antifungal drugs to combat against resistant pathogenic spp.This study mainly targets to evaluate the antifungal activity of ibuprofen (IBU) alone and in combination with the standard antifungal drugs (polyenesand azoles) against eight isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger.Methods: The study was performed using the disc diffusion assay (DDA), microbroth dilution assay and spore germination inhibition assay. Moreover,cytotoxicity was checked by heamolytic assay.Results: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of IBU against A. fumigatus and A. flavus using DDA is found to be in the range of 250-275 μg/disc while for A. niger isolates, the range was 500-575 μg/disc. Likewise, by broth microdilution assay and spore germination inhibitory assay, MICdetermined, were in the range of 500-750 μg/ml against A. fumigatus and A. flavus while for A. niger, it was 1000-1500 μg/ml.Conclusion: IBU demonstrated its antimycotic potential against all the eight isolates of Aspergillus spp. Moreover, preliminary combinatorialevaluation of IBU with the standard antifungal drugs reported by DDA revealed an increase in zone of inhibition as compared to the drugs alone.Further research regarding the confirmation of synergistic interaction between the selected drugs is in progress.

scholarly journals Antifungal effects of 3-(4-Phenyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2-thioxo-2, 3-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-one against Aspergillus Species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desh D. Singh ◽  
V. K. Tiwari ◽  
Rambir Singh ◽  
G L Sharam ◽  
Rajesh Dabur
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Assay ◽  
Dilution Assay ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Diffusion Assay ◽  
Microbroth Dilution

AbstractAspergillus infections have become an important health problem with the increasing number of patients. Available antifungal drugs are lack with their spectrum, toxic or immunosuppressive in nature, so that need to develop new compound with high efficacy. To evaluate antifungal efficacy of synthesized compound and to identify the protein profile of Aspergillus fumigatus treated with antifungal. Clinical isolates of A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. niger were cultured and efficacy of compound were conducted by Disc Diffusion Assay (DDA), Microbroth Dilution Assay (MDA). Percent of spore germination inhibition assay (PSGI), Time kill analysis and toxicity assay. The culture filtrate containing secretory proteins was collected after 24 h growth and expression of downregulated proteins were identified. We developed a new and useful quinazoline derivatives expected to antifungal activity. The result of anti-Aspergillus evolution revealed that one of the 3-(4-Phenyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2-thioxo-2, 3-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-one (DDVKT4Q) exhibited appreciable activity. The potency of compound was found concentration of 3.125 µg/disc by disc diffusion assay (DDA) and 15.625 µg/ml. by Microbroth Dilution Assay (MDA). The compound was nontoxic up to concentration 625 µg/ml and its lysed only 35.9% of human erythrocytes, at the highest dose tested. It’s observed that the treatment of pathogen with DDVKT-4Q targeted the expression of four proteins having molecular weights 18 kDa 37 KDa and 43 KDa proteins was completely inhibited or down regulated by the compound the extra cellular. The novel compound DDVKT-4Q, having antifungal activity Can be exploited further to develop new ideal antimycotic drugs.

scholarly journals Spectrum and theIn VitroAntifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Yeast Isolates in Ethiopian HIV Patients with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birhan Moges ◽  
Adane Bitew ◽  
Aster Shewaamare
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Background.In Ethiopia, little is known regarding the distribution and thein vitroantifungal susceptibility profile of yeasts.Objective.This study was undertaken to determine the spectrum and thein vitroantifungal susceptibility pattern of yeasts isolated from HIV infected patients with OPC.Method.Oral pharyngeal swabs taken from oral lesions of study subjects were inoculated onto Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. Yeasts were identified by employing conventional test procedures and the susceptibility of yeasts to antifungal agents was evaluated by disk diffusion assay method.Result.One hundred and fifty-five yeast isolates were recovered of which 91 isolates were from patients that were not under HAART and 64 were from patients that were under HAART.C. albicanswas the most frequently isolated species followed byC. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. kefyr, Cryptococcus laurentii, and Rhodotorulaspecies. Irrespective of yeasts isolated and identified, 5.8%, 5.8%, 12.3%, 8.4%, 0.6%, and 1.3% of the isolates were resistant to amphotericin B, clotrimazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, and nystatin, respectively.Conclusion.Yeast colonization rate of 69.2% and 31% resistance to six antifungal agents was documented. These highlight the need for nationwide study on the epidemiology of OPC and resistance to antifungal drugs.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF PAPACARIE AND PAPAIN ON STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS IN VITRO

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
TITTY SULIANTI ◽  
NILAKESUMA DJAUHARI ◽  
BAMBANG NURSASONGKO
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Caries Removal ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Better Than

Objective: The aim is to compare the antimicrobial effects of papain and Papacarie with dilution and diffusion tests.Methods: There were two treatment groups and one Group control. The treatment group received papain and Papacarie, and the control groupreceived chlorhexidine, in five liquids with different concentrations of 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.125%, 0.0625%, and 0.03%. The dilution and diffusion testswere used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and zone of inhibition for eachtreatment material.Results: MICs of papain and Papacarie were 12.5%, indicating that at a concentration of 12.5%, the material can inhibit the growth of Streptococcusmutans. Papain does not have an MBC value but the Papacarie has an MBC at 25%, which indicating that at a concentration of 25%, Papacarie hasbactericidal effects on S. mutans. The zone of inhibition of papain was lower than Papacarie.Conclusion: Based on chemomechanical caries removal materials, the antimicrobial effects of Papacarie were better than those of papain.

Screening of Existing and New Boxwood Cultivars for Disease Resistance and In Vitro Fungicide Screening to Manage Boxwood Dieback Caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harleen Kaur ◽  
Monique DeSouza ◽  
Raghuwinder "Raj" Singh
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Industry Professionals ◽  
The U.S

Boxwood is one of the most common and widely planted perennial ornamentals in both home gardens and commercial landscapes. Recently reported boxwood dieback, a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola, has been spreading at an alarming rate within the U.S. Boxwood breeders, nursery growers, and landscape professionals have shown great concerns regarding the lack of effective management practices. Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to devise effective disease management strategies including screening cultivars to determine their susceptibility to boxwood dieback and screening various fungicides to determine their effectiveness in managing the disease. Host range studies were conducted by screening a wide variety of boxwood cultivars under greenhouse conditions. Although, boxwood cultivar ‘Little Missy’ showed much delayed symptom expression as compared to rest of the cultivars but none of the 11 cultivars were found to be resistance to boxwood dieback. In vitro screening of nine fungicides was conducted to determine mycelial growth as well as spore germination inhibition of eight isolates of C. theobromicola collected from eight states in the U.S. Of the nine fungicides, difenoconazole+pydiflumetofen showed maximum mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition at 1 ppm active ingredient followed by fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin, and pyraclostrobin+boscalid at 5 ppm active ingredient. Azoxystrobin+benzovindiflupyr significantly inhibited mycelial growth at 1 ppm but reduced spore germination at 10 ppm active ingredient. This study provides the boxwood industry professionals with critical and applied information pertaining to host susceptibility and fungicide efficacy to effectively mitigate boxwood dieback and to reduce its further spread.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ABUTILON INDICUM AERIAL PARTS AGAINST E .FAECALIS – AN INVITRO STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Jannathul Feridoz ◽  
Anitha Roy
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay ◽  
Microbroth Dilution ◽  
Abutilon Indicum

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the aqueous alcoholic extracts of Abutilon indicum aerial parts against Enterococcus faecalis.Methods: Agar well diffusion assay, as well as microbroth dilution assays, were used for determination of antibacterial activity. The assay was done intriplicate, and chlorhexidine 0.2% was used as the control.Results: Different concentrations (200, 400, and 800 mg/mL) of the ethyl acetate extract of A. indicum aerial parts showed dose-dependantantibacterial activity. The maximum zone of inhibition was 30 mm at the maximum concentration used (800 mg/mL), and the minimum inhibitoryconcentration/minimum bactericidal concentration was found to be 200 mg/mL.Conclusion: This study suggests that the aqueous alcoholic extract of A. indicum aerial parts contains promising antibacterial substances which arehaving activity against E. faecalis. E. faecalis being one of the major threats for root canal failure during endodontic treatment; plants with antibacterialactivity against E. faecalis will be promising.Keywords: Abutilon indicum, Enterococcus faecalis, Antibacterial activity, Root canal failure.

scholarly journals Phenotypic aspects of oral strains of Candida albicans in children with down's syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ribeiro ◽  
M. L. Scroferneker ◽  
M. S. Cavalhaes ◽  
C. C. Campos ◽  
G. M. Nagato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Biological Aspects

The aim of this article is to characterize the biological aspects of oral strains of C. albicans in children with Down's syndrome. These yeasts were analyzed as to their macromorphological and enzymatic aspects and were tested as to their in vitro susceptibility to antifungal drugs using broth microdilution to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The morphotyping revealed that all oral C. albicans isolates from children with Down's syndrome promoted the formation of fringes regardless of size, while the control group presented smaller fringes. All oral C. albicans strains produced proteinase, but those with phospholipolytic activity showed greater enzyme capacity in the test group. In vitro susceptibility showed that all oral C. albicans isolates were sensitive to the drugs used.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Few Medicinal Plants against Clinically Isolated Human Cariogenic Pathogens—An In Vitro Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shyla Jebashree ◽  
S. Jayasurya Kingsley ◽  
Emmanuel S. Sathish ◽  
D. Devapriya
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Mimusops Elengi

Hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol extracts of Psidium guajava, Terminalia chebula, Mimusops elengi and Achyranthes aspera were tested against the dental caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans and fungus Candida albicans isolated from caries infected patients. All the four extracts of P. guajava showed activity against both S. mutans and C. albicans. Maximum zone of inhibition was observed in ethyl acetate of P. guajava. The four extracts of T. chebula and M. elengi showed antibacterial activity against S. mutans. M. elengi extracts and ethanol extract of T. chebula did not show any antifungal activity against C. albicans. Except for the hexane extract of A. aspera, the other three extracts showed activity against the tested microbes. The ethyl acetate P. guajava leaf extract showed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. mutans to be <0.076 mg/mL in both MHB and BHI. The P. guajava ethyl acetate extract was subjected to GC-MS.

scholarly journals In vitro Development of Resistance to Azithromycin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Thanmin Jarana Thammi ◽  
Md Masud Rana ◽  
Farhanur Rahman ◽  
Apu Banik ◽  
Md Anwar Ul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Vitro Development

Antimicrobial resistance has been considered as a growing public health problem all over the world. Due to improper use of antibiotics many bacterial species including the Pseudomonas aeruginosa become resistant. So, the objectives of this study were to determine the success or failure of antibiotic therapy. Tests were performed in vitro and measured the growth response of an isolated bacterium to a particular drug. This study determined the zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time at which bacteria showed resistance. From sensitivity test, it showed that P. aeruginosa is sensitive to azithromycin antibiotic. MIC level of P. aeruginosa that was found from the analysis was 3 μg/ml and from further analysis it was found that P. aeruginosa grew resistance when it got up to 2.5 μg/ml concentration of antibiotic below MIC level for 24 hours. When the P. aeruginosa was treated with the concentration upto 2.5 μg/ml for 24 hours then it showed growth at the concentration of MIC level. It means that P. aeruginosa got the drug below MIC level for a certain period and became resistant to azithromycin.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 21(1): 42-46, 2018

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS, MOLECULAR BIOINFORMATICS MODELLING, AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF SOME NOVEL OXADIAZOLE FLUOROQUINOLONE DERIVATIVES

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
NAWAZ MOHAMMED KHAN ◽  
PAWAN KUMAR ◽  
HEMANTH SUDHEER KUMAR K ◽  
BHARATH RATHNA KUMAR P
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Binding Modes ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Good Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Derivatives

Objective: The present study envisages a series of oxadiazole fluoroquinolone derivatives that were synthesized (D1–D12) with added derivatives such as phenyl, aminophenyl, amino hydroxyphenyl along with cyclopropyl, ethyl, piperazine, and imidazole. Methods: All of the newly produced molecules were characterized by infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis technique and screened for docking stimulation to find out binding modes of synthesized derivatives with 3FV5, 5IMW, and 5ESE and evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity. Results: From this study, it was found that the compound D8 showed good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), compound D9 showed good antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli), and compound D3 showed good antifungal activity against fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in comparison with standard drugs (Ciprofloxacin and fluconazole). The zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration studies was performed on synthesized compounds. Conclusion: The analogs of oxadiazole flouroquinolone are suggested to be potent inhibitors with sufficient scope for further exploration.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Properties of Vasicine Acetate Synthesized from Vasicine Isolated fromAdhatoda vasicaL.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Duraipandiyan ◽  
N. A. Al-Dhabi ◽  
C. Balachandran ◽  
S. Ignacimuthu ◽  
C. Sankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma Cancer ◽  
A549 Lung

Adhatoda vasica(L.) (Acanthaceae) is used in the indigenous system of medicine in India. The alkaloid Vasicine was isolated from ethanolic extract of the leaves ofA. vasicausing column chromatography. Vasicine acetate was obtained by acetylation of Vasicine. Vasicine acetate exhibited good zone of inhibition against bacteria: 10 mm againstE. aerogenes, 10 mm againstS. epidermidis, and 10 mm againstP. aeruginosa. Vasicine acetate showed minimum inhibitory concentration values against bacteria:M. luteus(125 μg/mL),E. aerogenes(125 μg/mL),S. epidermidis(125 μg/mL), andP. aeruginosa(125 μg/mL). The radical scavenging activity of Vasicine acetate was the maximum at 1000 μg/mL (66.15%). The compound showed prominent cytotoxic activity in vitro against A549 lung adenocarcinoma cancer cell line. Quantification of Vasicine and Vasicine acetate by HPLC-DAD analysis showed their contents to be 0.2293% and 0.0156%, respectively, on dry weight basis of the leaves. Vasicine acetate could be probed further in drug discovery programme.

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