scholarly journals CYTOTOXIC EFFECT FROM ETHYL ACETATE-METHANOL SUBFRACTION OF CARRISA CARANDAS L TOWARD HELA CELLS BY IN VITRO TEST

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Mamik P. Rahayu ◽  
Reslely Harjanti ◽  
Mae S. H. Wahyuningsih ◽  
Supargiyono .
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Colorless Crystal ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Vitro Test

Objective: Cervical cancer is a malignant type of cancer, often affects women, particularly in developing countries. Carrisa carandas leaves contained many secondary metabolites that had potency as an anticancer. The purpose of this study was to understand the cytotoxic effect of subfraction of Carrisa carandas leaves against HeLa cells.Methods: Chloroform fraction was separated by VLC gradually with n-hexane–chloroform–ethyl acetate and methanol. The same profiles from eluent chloroform–ethyl acetate composed fraction 18-26 were categorized as Fr4 and ethyl acetate-methanol composed fraction 27-30 as Fr5. The cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT assay on HeLa cellsResults: The result showed that the cytotoxic effect of subfraction Fr4 and Fr5 had IC50 values of 177 mg/ml and 98 mg/ml, respectively. Colorless crystal of Subfraction Fr 5-3 had IC50 value of 333 mg/ml. Subfraction Fr 5 showed effective cytotoxic activity than the others. Conclusion: It had chemo-preventive effect against cancer cellsConclusion: This study applied MTT (Microculture Tetrazolium) method by in vitro test. The advantages of this method are relatively rapid, sensitive and accurate

scholarly journals In vitro Test for Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 Parasites using Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus Strain i18, Isolated from a Pineapple Farm in Lampung

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endah Setyaningrum ◽  
Achmad Arifiyanto ◽  
Nismah Nukmal ◽  
Titik Nur Aeny ◽  
Meishy Handerlin Putri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Streptomyces Hygroscopicus ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Target Effects

Increasing natural ingredient awareness and utilization has created an increased demand for sources of natural medicinal ingredients, including sources of compound used to treat malaria. Streptomyces is a genus of prokaryote well recognized for its production of antibiotics and other pharmaceutically useful compound. This study aimed to assess the ability of unpurified fermentation metabolites to inhibit Plasmodium parasites. A strain of bacteria identified as Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus strain i18 were isolated from pineapple fields in Lampung province, and was cultured and fermented on liquid synthetic Gause medium for 10 days. The supernatant was separated from the cells and extracted with ethyl acetate-methanol (1:1). Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 was used for antiplasmodial testing. Metabolites were tested qualitatively using a phytochemical approach. Saponins and triterpenoids were found to be present in the extract. Parasite inhibition as measured using probit analysis and yielded an IC50 value of 11.07 g.m/L. These findings suggest further examinations of this extract (e.g. assessment of off-target effects) are warranted.

scholarly journals In Vitro Test of Antibacterial Ethanol Extract, n-Hexane Fraction and Ethyl acetate Fraction of Sungkai Leaf (Peronema cenescens) Against Salmonella typhi

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
Sitepu Nadroh Br.
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Vitro Test

Object: This study aims to look at the class of compounds and the comparison of the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction and ethyl acetate of Sungkai leaves against Salmonella typhi. Methods: Study included phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial testing of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction and ethyl acetate of Sungkai leaves against Salmonella typhi. Results: obtained groups of chemical compounds alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, anthraquinones, tannins and triterpenoids/steroids on Sungkai leaf powder. Ethanol extract of Sungkai leaves obtained resistance at a concentration of 20% by 12.7 mm, and inhibition of the ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 20% of 14.8 mm. Conclusion: Ethyl acetate fraction of Sungkai leaves have antibacterial properties against S. typhi which is greater than ethanol extract and hexane fraction of leaf heal.  

scholarly journals Potensi Kulit Batang Bungur (Lagerstroemia loudonii Teijsm and Binn.) Sebagai Herbal Antidiabetes dengan Mekanisme Penghambat Alfa-glukosidase

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Soraya Riyanti ◽  
Julia Ratnawati ◽  
Muhammad Ibnu Shaleh ◽  
Asep Gana Suganda
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Tumbuhan bungur (Lagerstroemia loudonii T.B.) termasuk dalam famili Lytrharceae. Famili Lythraceae telah diketahui memiliki aktivitas farmakologi sebagai antidiabetes, antiinflamasi, antimikroba, serta antiobesitas. Daun dan buah bungur (Lagerstroemia loudonii T.B.) memiliki aktivitas dalam menghambat alfa-glukosidase. Berdasarkan teori khemotaksonomi didalam tumbuhan, kemungkinan bagian lain dari tumbuhan bungur memiliki aktivitas dan kandungan kimia yang sama, sehingga dilakukan pengujian aktivitas penghambatan terhadap alfa-glukosidase pada bagian kulit batang bungur. Ekstraksi simplisia dilakukan dengan cara maserasi selama 24 jam menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Proses fraksinasi menggunakan cara Ekstraksi Cair-Cair (ECC) dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat dan air. Pengujian aktivitas penghambatan alfa-glukosidase secara in vitro menggunakan metode kolorimetri dengan alat spektrofotometer UV-VIS pada panjang gelombang 400,4 nm dengan substrat p-nitrofenil-α-D-glukopiranosid (PNPG). Akarbose digunakan sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak, fraksi air, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi n-heksana memiliki nilai IC50 berturut-turut sebesar 240,53±0,47 μg/ml, 186,111±1,02 μg/ml, 79,479±0,52 μg/ml dan 113,101±0,46 μg/ml. Nilai IC50 akarbose adalah sebesar 10,457±1,48 μg/ml. Ekstrak dan fraksi-fraksi (air,etil asetat dan n-heksana) kulit batang bungur mampu menghambat aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase. Aktivitas yang paling baik ditunjukan oleh fraksi etil asetat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 79,479±0,52 μg/ml.   Bungur (Lagerstroemia loudonii T.B.) is included in the Family  Lytrharceae. The Lythraceae has been known to have pharmacological activity as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiobesity. Leaves and fruits of bungur (Lagerstroemia loudonii T.B.) have activities to inhibit alpha-glucosidase. Based on the chemotaxonomy theory in plants, it is possible that other parts of the bungur plant have the same chemical activity and content, Hence the study to evalute the  inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase was carried out on its bark stem.The extraction of dried powder material was carried out by maceration for 24 hours using 96% ethanol. The extract was fractionated by Liquid-Liquid Extraction (ECC) method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water. The In vitro study of alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity using a colorimetric method with a UV-VIS spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 400.4 nm with a p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopiranoside (PNPG) substrate was performed. Akarbose was used as a standard drug.The results showed that extract, water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane fraction showed IC50 values ​​of 240.53 ± 0.47 μg / ml, 186.111 ± 1.02 μg / ml, 79.497 ± 0.52 μg/ ml and 113.101 ± 0.46 μg / ml, respectively. The IC50value of bungur was 10.457 ± 1.48 μg / ml. Extracts and fractions (water, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) of bark stem were able to inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase. Theethyl acetate fraction showed the strongestactivity with IC50 value of 79,479 ± 0.52 μg / ml

scholarly journals In Vitro Test of Anticalculi Effect from Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Chives Leaf (Allium schoenoprasum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Iksen ◽  
Siti Morin Sinaga ◽  
Kevin Kevin ◽  
Marshinta Romarta Uly Hutabalian
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Allium Schoenoprasum ◽  
Vitro Test

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to analyze the ability of chives leaves of ethyl acetate fraction to dissolve calcium in human kidney stones. This research starts from making the ethyl acetate fraction, calibration curve for calcium and measuring dissolved calcium levels in kidney stones by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction with a concentration of 2.5% had the greatest anti-calculi capability of 92.02%. The conclusion of this study is that the ethyl acetate fraction of chives leaf has the potential to be anticalculi in the treatment of kidney stones.   Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kemampuan fraksi etil asetat daun kucai  untuk melarutkan kalsium pada batu ginjal manusia. Penelitian ini dimulai dari pembuatan fraksi etil asetat, pembuatan kurva kalibrasi kalsium serta pengukuran kadar kalsium terlarut pada batu ginjal dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri serapan atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat dengan konsentrasi 2,5 % memiliki kemampuan antikalkuli yang terbesar yakni 92,02%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa fraksi etil asetat daun kucai berpotensi sebagai antikalkuli pada pengobatan batu ginjal.  

scholarly journals STUDI IN VITRO POTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN DAN AKTIFITAS ANTIDIABETES FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT BUAH PARIJOTO (Medinilla speciosa B.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rissa Vifta ◽  
Wilantika Wilantika ◽  
Yustisia Dian Advistasari
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Antioxidants Activity ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values

ABSTRACT Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa B) contains the flavonoid which is one of the phenolic groups compounnd. Flavonoids has biological activities as anti free radical and antionxidants. The aim of this research was to evaluate the potency of ethyl acetat fraction of M.speciosa B. Extract as an antioxidants and antidiabetic. Evaluation of antioxidants activity was carried out by in vitro assay using the ABTS method (2.2 azinobis (3-ethylbenzotiazolin) -6-sulfonic acid), while the antidiabetic assay was carried out using the Nelson-Somogyi method. Research begins with the process of determination, extraction, fravtionation and contiunued by examination of each variable. The parameters of antioxidants activity was determined by IC50 values, while antidiabetic activity was measured by percentage of decreasing of glucoce levels. The results of antioxidants activity showed that ethyl acetate fraction of M. Speciosa B. had antioxidants activity with an IC50 value of 4,246 ppm with a very strong category. In line with these results, ethyl acetate fraction of M. speciosa B. had reduced glucoce levels with an optimal decrease of 50.21% a concentration of 40 ppm.   ABSTRAK Buah Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa B.) mengandung senyawa aktif flavonoid yang merupakan salah satu golongan fenolik. Flavonoid memiliki aktifitas biologis sebagai antiradikal bebas dan antioksidan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui kemampuan fraksi etil asetat M. speciosa B sebagai antioksidan dan antidiabetes. Pengujian aktifitas antioksidan dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode ABTS (2,2 azinobis (3-etilbenzotiazolin)-6-asam sulfonat), sedangkan uji antidiabetes dilakukan menggunakan metode Nelson-Somogyi. Penelitian diawali dengan proses determinasi, ekstraksi, fraksinasi, dan dilanjutkan dengan pengujian pada masing-masing variabel. Parameter aktifitas antioksidan diwujudkan dengan nilai IC50, sedangkan aktiftas antidiabetes diukur dengan persen penurunan kadar glukosa. Hasil pengujian aktifitas antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat memiliki aktifitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 4.14±0.08 ppm dengan kategori sangat kuat. Sejalan dengan hasil tersebut, fraksi etil asetat Buah Parijoto (M. speciosa B.) memilili kemampuan dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa dengan penurunan secara optimal sebesar 50.21±0.47% pada konsentrasi 40 ppm.    

scholarly journals Coumarins and Polar Constituents from Eupatorium triplinerve and Evaluation of Their α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Do Thi Viet Huong ◽  
Phan Minh Giang ◽  
Vu Minh Trang
Keyword(s):  
2D Nmr ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
First Time

In our study of antidiabetic compounds from the leaves of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl. (Asteraceae), ten compounds were isolated from the methanol leaf extract. They were determined to be β-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), ayapanin (4), ayapin (5), thymoquinol 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), thyrsifloside (8), (E)-4-methoxymelilotoside (9), and kaempferol 3,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10) by using ESI-MS, 1D (1H-, 13C-, DEPT) and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) techniques. This is the first report of water-soluble compounds from E. triplinerve and compounds 6–10 were isolated for the first time from E. triplinerve. NMR profiling and HPLC analysis are fast and reliable methods to screen phytochemicals in plant samples. Due to their high concentrations in the leaf extracts of E. triplinerve, coumarins 4 and 5 could be fast screened by NMR profiling and RP-HPLC-PDA analysis. In the in vitro test for α-glucosidase inhibition of compounds 4–9, compounds 4, 5, and 7 showed the enzymatic inhibition of 40%, 46%, and 81%, respectively, at 256 μg/mL. An IC50 value of 58.65 ± 1.20 μg/mL (302 μM) was calculated for compound 7 which is lower than that of the positive control acarbose (IC50 197.33 ± 2.51 μg/mL; 306 μM).

Haemostatic Platelet Plug Formation in the Isolated Rabbit Mesenteric Preparation - An Analysis of Red Blood Cell Participation

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
pp. 006-008 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bergqvist ◽  
K-E Arfors
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Releasing Effect ◽  
Plug Formation

SummaryIn a model using an isolated rabbit mesenteric preparation microvessels were transected and the time until haemostatic plugs formed was registered. Perfusion of platelet rich plasma gave no haemostasis whereas whole blood did. Addition of chlorpromazine or adenosine to the whole blood significantly prolonged the time for haemostasis, and addition of ADP to the platelet rich plasma significantly shortened it. It is concluded that red cells are necessary for a normal haemostasis in this model, probably by a combination of a haemodynamic and ADP releasing effect.The fundamental role of platelets in haemostatic plug formation is unquestionable but there are still problems concerning the stimulus for this process to start. Three platelet aggregating substances have been discussed – thrombin, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen. Evidence speaking in favour of thrombin is, however, very minimal, and the discussion has to be focused on collagen and ADP. In an in vitro system using polyethylene tubings we have shown that "haemostasis" can be obtained without the presence of collagen but against these results can be argued that it is only another in vitro test for platelet aggregation (1).To be able to induce haemostasis in this model, however, the presence of red blood cells is necessary. To further study this problem we have developed a model where haemostatic plug formation can be studied in the isolated rabbit mesentery and we have briefly reported on this (2).Thus, it is possible to perfuse the vessels with whole blood as well as with platelet rich plasma (PRP) and different pharmacological agents of importance.

scholarly journals In Vitro Newly Isolated Environmental Phage Activity against Biofilms Preformed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Ersilia Vita Fiscarelli ◽  
Martina Rossitto ◽  
Paola Rosati ◽  
Nour Essa ◽  
Valentina Crocetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
General Reliability ◽  
Phage Activity

As disease worsens in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) colonizes the lungs, causing pulmonary failure and mortality. Progressively, PA forms typical biofilms, and antibiotic treatments determine multidrug-resistant (MDR) PA strains. To advance new therapies against MDR PA, research has reappraised bacteriophages (phages), viruses naturally infecting bacteria. Because few in vitro studies have tested phages on CF PA biofilms, general reliability remains unclear. This study aimed to test in vitro newly isolated environmental phage activity against PA isolates from patients with CF at Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital (OBG), Rome, Italy. After testing in vitro phage activities, we combined phages with amikacin, meropenem, and tobramycin against CF PA pre-formed biofilms. We also investigated new emerging morphotypes and bacterial regrowth. We obtained 22 newly isolated phages from various environments, including OBG. In about 94% of 32 CF PA isolates tested, these phages showed in vitro PA lysis. Despite poor efficacy against chronic CF PA, five selected-lytic-phages (Φ4_ZP1, Φ9_ZP2, Φ14_OBG, Φ17_OBG, and Φ19_OBG) showed wide host activity. The Φ4_ZP1-meropenem and Φ14_OBG-tobramycin combinations significantly reduced CF PA biofilms (p < 0.001). To advance potential combined phage-antibiotic therapy, we envisage further in vitro test combinations with newly isolated phages, including those from hospital environments, against CF PA biofilms from early and chronic infections.

In Vitro Toxicology Methods in Risk Assessment

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Iain F. H. Purchase
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Vitro Test

The title of this paper is challenging, because the question of how in vitro methods and results contribute to human health risk assessment is rarely considered. The process of risk assessment usually begins with hazard assessment, which provides a description of the inherent toxicological properties of the chemical. The next step is to assess the relevance of this to humans, i.e. the human hazard assessment. Finally, information on exposure is examined, and risk can then be assessed. In vitro methods have a limited, but important, role to play in risk assessment. The results can be used for classification and labelling; these are methods of controlling exposure, analogous to risk assessment, but without considering exposure. The Ames Salmonella test is the only in vitro method which is incorporated into regulations and used widely. Data from this test can, at best, lead to classification of a chemical with regard to genotoxicity, but cannot be used for classification and labelling on their own. Several in vitro test systems which assess the topical irritancy and corrosivity of chemicals have been reasonably well validated, and the results from these tests can be used for classification. The future development of in vitro methods is likely to be slow, as it depends on the development of new concepts and ideas. The in vivo methods which currently have reasonably developed in vitro alternatives will be the easiest to replace. The remaining in vivo methods, which provide toxicological information from repeated chronic dosing, with varied endpoints and by mechanisms which are not understood, will be more difficult to replace.

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