scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE PRODUCING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE MEMBERS ISOLATED FROM CLINICALLY SUSPECTED PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moorthy Kannaiyan ◽  
Gedif Meseret Abebe ◽  
Chinnasamy Kanimozhi ◽  
Punitha Thambidurai ◽  
Saranya Ashokapuram Selvam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Genotypic Identification ◽  
Esbl Producers

 Objective: Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production poses another clinical problem with Gram-negative bacterial infections. The present study was aimed to evaluate the ESBL producers among various clinical samples of clinically suspected patients.Methods: A total of 1279 samples (urine [918], pus [207] and stool [154]) were collected and 465 isolates (Escherichia coli [320], Enterobacter aerogenes [119] and Klebsiella pneumoniae [26]) were isolated and screened for the presence of ESBL producers using combination disc method and double disc synergy test.Results: Of the 465 culture positive isolates, 130 (E. coli 93 [29.06%], E. aerogenes 35 [29.41%] and K. pneumoniae 2 [7.69%]) were identified as ESBL producers. Among the three Enterobacteriaceae members, E. coli 93 (29.06%) was found to be predominant ESBL producer next in order E. aerogenes 35 (29.41%) and K. pneumoniae 2 (7.69%). Maximum number of ESBL producers were recovered from urine (n=111) followed by pus (n=14) and stool (n=5). All the ESBL-producing isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using 10 different antibiotics. ESBL producers were chiefly resistance to ceftriaxone followed by ceftazidime and cefotaxime. Of 130 ESBL producers, 15 (E. coli (8), E. aerogenes (6) and K. pneumoniae (1)] strains were selected for genotypic identification. Among, only two strains of E. aerogenes were positive isolates for CTX-M type ESBL in polymerase chain reaction.Conclusion: This study concluded that among Enterobacteriaceae members, E. coli was the predominant ESBL producers and urine was noted as the prime source for the ESBL positive isolates when compared to other source. Genotypic identification was the best method to differentiate ESBL types which were essential to provide proper treatment.

Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species in pediatric patients visiting International Friendship Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karuna Kayastha ◽  
Binod Dhungel ◽  
Shovana Karki ◽  
Bipin Adhikari ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Esbl Producers

Abstract Background Emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic strains has spread due to production of β-lactamases, which can lead to failure of empirical therapy in clinical settings. Inappropriate use of antibiotics, particularly third generation cephalosporins has contributed to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aims to determine the prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli and Klebsiella species isolated from various clinical samples. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at International Friendship Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal from August 2017 to January 2018. Various clinical samples that included urine, pus, Cerebro-Spinal Fluid (CSF), body fluids, wound swab, endotracheal tip, catheter tip and blood were processed for culture. Following sufficient incubation, isolates were identified by colony morphology, gram staining and necessary biochemical tests. Identified bacterial isolates were then tested for antibiotic susceptibility test by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, and were subjected to Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) screening by using 30µg cefotaxime and ceftazidime. ESBL production was confirmed by combination disc method. Results From a total of 103 non-duplicated clinical isolates, E. coli (n=79), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=18) and K. oxytoca (n=6) were isolated from different clinical specimens. Majority (62.1%; 64/103) exhibited Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) and 28.2% (29/103) were ESBL producers. All of ESBL producing isolates were resistant towards ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime. Most ESBL producers were found to be susceptible towards imipenem (89.7%; 26/29), nitrofurantoin (82.8%; 24/29), piperacillin/tazobactam (79.3%; 23/29), and Amikacin (72.4%; 21/29). Conclusions High prevalence of multi-drug resistant ESBL organisms found in this study warrants restricting empirical treatment of the bacterial infection. Identification of ESBL producers in routine treatment of infectious diseases can reduce unnecessary and inappropriate antimicrobial use and can reduce the preventable morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant, Including Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing and Quinolone-Resistant, Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry and Domestic Pigs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Zuhura I. Kimera ◽  
Fauster X. Mgaya ◽  
Gerald Misinzo ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana ◽  
Nyambura Moremi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

We determined the phenotypic profile of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from 698 samples (390 and 308 from poultry and domestic pigs, respectively). In total, 562 Enterobacteria were isolated. About 80.5% of the isolates were E. coli. Occurrence of E. coli was significantly higher among domestic pigs (73.1%) than in poultry (60.5%) (p = 0.000). In both poultry and domestic pigs, E. coli isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline (63.5%), nalidixic acid (53.7%), ampicillin (52.3%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (50.9%). About 51.6%, 65.3%, and 53.7% of E. coli were MDR, extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), and quinolone-resistant, respectively. A total of 68% of the extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers were also resistant to quinolones. For all tested antibiotics, resistance was significantly higher in ESBL-producing and quinolone-resistant isolates than the non-ESBL producers and non-quinolone-resistant E. coli. Eight isolates were resistant to eight classes of antimicrobials. We compared phenotypic with genotypic results of 20 MDR E. coli isolates, ESBL producers, and quinolone-resistant strains and found 80% harbored blaCTX-M, 15% aac(6)-lb-cr, 10% qnrB, and 5% qepA. None harbored TEM, SHV, qnrA, qnrS, qnrC, or qnrD. The observed pattern and level of resistance render this portfolio of antibiotics ineffective for their intended use.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF CEPHALOSPORIN-RESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES

2016 ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Kavi Aniis ◽  
Rajamanikandan Kcp ◽  
Arvind Prasanth D
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lactam Ring ◽  
Esbl Producers

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: Beta-lactams are the group of antibiotics that contain a ring called as “beta-lactam ring,” which is responsible for the antibacterial activity.<br />The presence of resistance among Gram-negative organisms is due to the production of beta-lactamases enzymes that hydrolysis the beta-lactam ring<br />thereby conferring resistance to the organism. This study is undertaken to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)<br />producing Gram-negative organism from clinical samples.<br />Methods: A total of 112 clinical samples were taken for this study. The combined disc synergistic test (CDST) was used for the phenotypic detection<br />of ESBL producers from the clinical samples. The genotypic identification of ESBL producers was carried out by alkaline lysis method by isolation of<br />plasmid DNA.<br />Result: A total of 87 bacterial isolates were isolated and identified. Among them, Klebsiella (41%) was the predominant organism followed by<br />Escherichia coli (33%), Proteus (10%), Pseudomonas (10%), and Serratia (6%). Among the various bacterial isolates, Klebsiella showed a higher<br />percentage of resistance. The CDST showed that 8 isolates of Klebsiella, 3 isolates of E. coli, and 1 isolate of Pseudomonas were found to be ESBL<br />producers. The genotypic confirmation showed that the two bacterial isolates, namely, Klebsiella and E. coli were found to possess temoniera (TEM)<br />gene which was the 400-500 bp conferring resistance to the antibiotics.<br />Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that early detection of ESBL producing Gram-negative organism is a very important step in planning the<br />therapy of patient in Hospitals. CDST continues to be a good indicator in the detection of ESBL producers.<br />Keywords: Beta-lactamases, Gram-negative bacilli, Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Resistance, Combined disc synergistic test.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Antibiotics Profile, Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL), and Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Different Clinical Samples in Khartoum State, Sudan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ehssan H. Moglad
Keyword(s):  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Different Sources

One of the global requirements for controlling the occurrence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs is to understanding the resistivity profile of various clinical isolates. Therefore, this study aimed to deliver the indication of different resistant profiles of clinically isolated Enterobacteriaceae from different sources of samples from Khartoum state, Sudan, and to determine the prevalence rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacteria. A total of 144 Gram-negative bacteria were collected from different sources (vaginal swab, urine, catheter tip, sputum, blood, tracheal aspirate, pus, stool, pleural fluid, and throat swab). Samples were subcultured and identified according to their cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for twenty-four antibiotics from eleven categories against all isolated Enterobacteriaceae according to the recommendation of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The result showed that out of 144 isolates, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were predominant isolates with the percentage of 47.9 and 25%, respectively. The prevalence of ESBL was higher in K. pneumonia (38.9%) than E. coli (34.8%). All isolated E. coli were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and tigecycline. There was a high prevalence of MDR Enterobacteriaceae, and only one isolate was XDR, while PDR was zero for all isolated bacteria. Active antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) observation through constant data sharing and management of all stakeholders is crucial to recognize and control the AMR global burden. Also, effective antibiotic stewardship procedures would be applied to limit the unreasonable expenditure of antibiotics in Sudan.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species from Urinary Specimens of Children attending Friendship International Children’s Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujjwal Rimal ◽  
Shovana Thapa ◽  
Roshani Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Significant Bacteriuria ◽  
Klebsiella Spp ◽  
Esbl Producers

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae is a serious threat to the patients. These organisms are major extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Extended spectrum β- lactamase producing strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp isolates from the urine sample of children visiting International Friendship Children Hospital. During the seven months, between June 2016 to December 2016, 1018 mid-stream urine samples(MSU) were collected from patients suspected of having UTI. The samples were investigated by conventional semi-quantitative culture technique and identification of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. was done by microscopy and biochemical test. Antibiotic susceptibility test of isolates was performed by modified Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion test. ESBL screening test was done by using 3rd generation Cephalosporin and confirmation done by combination disc diffusion method. Out of total 1018 MSU samples investigated, 200(19.64%) isolates of E. coli and 28(2.7%) isolates of Klebsiella spp. making a total of 228(22.39%) were found to cause significant bacteriuria. 76(33.33%) isolates, from those causing significant bacteriuria, were Multi-drug resistant organisms. Out of 228 isolates, 54(23.68%) were ESBL producers, that includes 51(25.5%) Escherichia coli and 3(12.5%) Klebsiella pneumoniae. ESBL producers were more common in in-patient (36.17%) than out-patient (20.44%). Most of the ESBL producers were resistance to amoxicillin, followed by Cotrimoxazole and Ciprofloxacin respectively. They were highly sensitive to Imipenem, Tigecycline, Amikacin, Piperacillin-Tazobactam, and Nitrofurantoin. High prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was found among children. Regular and routine monitoring of ESBL producing isolates is essential.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2017 Vol. 5, No. 1: 32-38

scholarly journals Molecular Diversity and Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistance of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from Patients Attending Selected Health Care Facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
R. H. Abimiku ◽  
Y. B. Ngwai ◽  
I. H. Nkene ◽  
B. E. Bassey ◽  
P. A. Tsaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Esbl Producers

Aims: This study investigated the molecular diversity and extended spectrum beta-lactamase resistance of diarrheagenic E. coli isolated from patients attending selected healthcare facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; between December 2017 and June, 2019. Methodology: A total of 207 confirmed E. coli isolates (using standard microbiological methods) from loose stool samples of patients with suspected cases of diarrhea (69 from Federal Medical Centre Keffi [MCK] 69 from General Hospital Akwanga [GHA] and 69 from Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia [DASHL]) were included in this study. Results: Phenotypic detection of ESBL production by β-lactam resistant isolates was done using double disc synergy test. Molecular detection of ESBL genes in phenotypically confirmed ESBL producers was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction. Out of 56 isolates jointly resistant to cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin from DASHL, FMCK and GHA, 53.6% (30/56) were ESBL producers, distributed in relation to the hospitals as follows: blaCTX-M in DASHL was 6(66.7%), FMCK was 11(100.0%), and GHA was 10(100.0%); blaSHV in DASHL was 8(88.9%), FMCK was 7(63.6%), and GHA was 10(100.0%), and blaTEM in DASHL was 9(100.0%), FMCK was 10(90.9%), and GHA was 10(100.0%). Also, the occurrence of blaSHV was 100.0% in GHA but 88.9% in DASHL. The detection DEC was high in DASHL (88.9%) but low inGHA (58.8%). The occurrence of ETEC was high in GHA (60.0%) while EAEC was also high in FMCK (81.8%) and GHA (70.0%). The isolates were distributed into strain A – J based on RFLP pattern and the occurrence of strain A was high in GHA (70.0%) but low in DASHL (33.3%). Conclusion: Most of the isolates were both diarrheagenic and ESBL resistant, and the predominant ESBL and pathotypes genes were blaCTX-M, blaTEM and EAEC. Further studies on molecular detection of sub-types of ESBL and sequencing of diarrheagenic pathotypes genes should be carried out.

scholarly journals Fecal Colonization with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and AmpC-ProducingEscherichia coli

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed H. Al-Agamy ◽  
Taghrid S. El Mahdy ◽  
Atef M. Shibl
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Sensitivity Tests

Background. Extended-spectrumβ-lactamases (ESβLs) and AmpCβ-lactamases causeβ-lactam resistance inEscherichia coli. Fecal colonization by ESβL- and/or AmpC-positiveE. coliis a source of nosocomial infections.Methods. In order to investigate inpatient fecal colonization by ESβLs and AmpC, antibiotic sensitivity tests were conducted and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the disk diffusion method andE-test, respectively. Characterization of ESβL and AmpC was performed usingE-test strips, and a set of PCRs and DNA sequence analyses were used to characterize the ESβL and AmpC genes.Results. The whole collection ofE. coliisolates (n=50) was sensitive to imipenem, tigecycline, colistin, and fosfomycin, while 26% of the isolates showed reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime (MIC ≥ 4 μg/mL). ESβL was phenotypically identified in 26% (13/50) of cases, while AmpC activity was detected in two ESβL-producingE. coliisolates. All ESβL-producingE. coliwere positive for the CTX-M gene, eleven isolates carriedblaCTX-M-15, and two isolates carriedblaCTX-M-14gene. Two CTX-M-positiveE. coliisolates carriedblaCMY-2.Conclusions. The alimentary tract is a significant reservoir for ESβL- and/or AmpC-producingE. coli, which may lead to nosocomial infection.

Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Poultry

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
DB Barad ◽  
J H Purohit ◽  
B B Javia ◽  
H H Savsani ◽  
B S Mathapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

The present study was undertaken with the objective of phenotypic and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli isolates from poultry. A total of 300 cloacal swabs were collected, i.e., 200 from layer birds and 100 from broiler birds from three different farms in and around Junagadh district of Gujarat state. Out of 300 samples, 126 (42.00%) samples yielded E. coli. These isolates belonged to layer 85 (42.50%) and broiler 41 (41.00%) birds. Out of 126 isolates, 27 (21.43%) were confirmed as ESBL producers, i.e., 19 (22.35%) and 8 (19.51%) from layer and broiler birds, respectively, by initial screening of isolates for their susceptibility to any of the third and fourth generation cephalosporins or monobactam antibiotics by disc diffusion method and further confirmation by combination disc method using ESBL identification kits. Out of 27 phenotypically confirmed ESBL E. coli isolates blaTEM was detected in 21 (77.78%) and blaAmpC was detected in 15 (55.56%) isolates, while all the 27 isolates were found negative for the presence of blaSHV and blaCTXM genes. All the 27 isolates were found positive for either blaTEM or blaAmpC gene. Nine (33.33%) out of 27 isolates were found positive for both blaTEM and blaAmpC genes. The findings warrant the need for more strict regulations for usage of antibiotics in veterinary practices in order to prevent the emergence and dissemination of multidrug resistant E. coli pathogens among birds, animals, and humans.

scholarly journals Association between Virulence Factors and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase ProducingKlebsiella pneumoniaeCompared to Nonproducing Isolates

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Muhammad Gharrah ◽  
Areej Mostafa El-Mahdy ◽  
Rasha Fathy Barwa
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Rapd Profile ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

Klebsiella pneumoniaeis considered an important opportunistic multidrug-resistant pathogen. Extended spectrumβ-lactamases (ESBLs) and expression of a multitude of virulence factors may work in a harmony resulting in treatment failure. This study was undertaken to compare the virulence characteristics and genetic relatedness between ESBL and non-ESBL producingK. pneumoniae. Methods. Antibiotic sensitivity test of all isolates was determined by disc diffusion assay. Phenotypic and genotypic detection of ESBL were done. Various virulence factors and some virulence factor-associated genes were screened. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was employed to investigate the genetic fingerprints of ESBL from non-ESBL producingK. pneumoniae.Results. 50% of isolates were ESBL producers. A significant association was observed between ESBL production and biofilm (strong and moderate), serum resistance, andissgene. Moreover, significant association between non-ESBL producers and hypermucoviscosity was identified. Dendogram analysis of RAPD profile classifiedK. pneumoniaeisolates into four clusters (a, b, c, and d). Seventy-six percent of ESBL producers belonged to cluster a. In conclusion, this study suggests a correlation between ESBL production and some virulence factors. Therefore, success of treatment depends mainly on increased clinicians awareness and enhanced testing by laboratories to reduce the spread of these isolates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document