scholarly journals AN AN STUDY OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF HAFFNER’S TAIL CLIP METHOD ON ALBINO WISTAR RATS OF SOME POLYHERBAL FORMULATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-144
Author(s):  
LOKENDRA SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Tail Clip

Objective: Herbal drugs are more beneficial better than aspirin because this is an herb so no side effect this drug and it is easy to collect or use to as herbal drugs. Words are inadequate to describe the motivation for my work given to my beloved guide. I would like to add special thanks to my guide Gauravbilwal, for their guidance, support, and encouragement. Purpose (Hypothesis): The main purpose of this article pays to attention for herbal drugs because they are naturally old effective drugs. As well as, Ayurveda treatment is very older effective technique. Design/Method: Haffner gave to this technique of determining analgesic are around in 1929. Procedure: This technique according to tail if clipped with any object and tightly or will be compression generation of pain in the tail as well as mice starting to bite that portion of its tail, and could evaluate and recorded the response how much it bites tail quickly or in potential. Using this simple yet important marvel, we may apply the drug to be evaluated and record the response whether it bites tail quickly or in potential. If given drugs have analgesic likely, then rat will not bite its tail so frequently. Mice that do not show any response within 15 s will reject from the experiment. Results: The found in analgesic activity of additional compounds test to significant on tail flick test than acetic acid-induced test and thus it appears that the test compounds inhibit predominantly the peripheral pain mechanism. The results of the study indicate that the extracts of polyherbal plants of analgesic activity by reducing the abdominal constriction significantly and may supposed to have a possible role in inhibition of cyclooxygenase in the prostaglandin pathways (p****<0.0001, ***0.0001, *0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed the significant analgesic effect of both aqueous and alcoholic at 400 mg/kg doses in albino rats, we reported for the 1st time analgesic effect of different plants (Curcuma longa, Colchicaceae, Colocynthis, Withania somnifera, and Achyranthes aspera) in Haffner’s tail clip models. Aspirin has each uncoated effervescent tablet content are acetylsalicylic acid I.P. 325 mg. Finally summarized in this article represent a most effective results of herbal drugs equalized allopathic drugs without any other side effect. Hence, this is very usefully combination of Ayurveda drugs.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF NELUMBO NUCIFERA FRUIT ETHANOL EXTRACT

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ALI RAJPUT ◽  
TABASSUM ZEHRA ◽  
FIZZAH ALI ◽  
GUNESH KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Pathway Inhibition

Objective: Utilization of herbal remedies rich in flavonoids and vitamins have increased significantly these days to treat various disorders, thus existing research work encircled to appraise the analgesic effect of Nelumbo nucifera fruit (NNF) for evaluating its traditional use pharmacologically in disorders which are associated with pain and inflammation. Methods: Central analgesic activity in mice was assessed by tail flick test and the latency time i.e. the removal of tail from the stimulus was recorded. Similarly acetic acid induced writhing test was also conducted for the assessment of peripheral analgesic effect in mice and number of writhes was counted along with percent inhibition of writhes. Results: In tail flick test the peek anti-nociceptive effect at all doses of fruit was observed at 90 min. However, the percentage of tail elongation time was highest at a dose of 200 mg/kg i.e. 82% at 90 min. Number of writhes was highly significantly reduced at all doses of NNF but maximum effects were observed at dose 200 mg/kg as compared to control, indicating 48.41 % inhibition of writhes. Conclusion: NNF have exhibited strong analgesic effect in both animal models, which may be connected with the synergistic actions of flavonoids, saponins and tannins on arachidonic acid pathway inhibition. Hence NNF seems to have a great potential in disorders associated with pain but more experimental trials in this field are required to confirm these findings.

EFFECTIVENESS PROGNOSTICATION OF A COMBINED ANALGESIC FORMULATION DEPENDING ON QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION OF ITS COMPONENTS

2016 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
N. G. Vengerovich ◽  
M. A. Yudin ◽  
A. S. Nikiforov ◽  
G. S. Sagalov ◽  
M. S. Vakhviyainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Opioid Receptor Agonist ◽  
Combined Administration

In experiments on rats, analgesic activity of fentanyl opioid receptor agonist and central 2-adrenomimetic dexmedetomidine as well as the character of their interaction at a combined administration were studied. Meaneffective anesthetic doses of the drugs in heat radiant tail flick test were 54.5 and 22.5 μg/kg correspondingly. Using izobolographic analysis, it was shown that for a combination with equal parts or with a greater part of fentanyl, the type of drug interaction can be characterized as potentiation. A model of prognostication of probability values of the analgesic effect development in relation to doses of combination components was elaborated and experimentally tested.

scholarly journals Evaluation of central and peripheral analgesic activity of amitriptyline in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1622
Author(s):  
Ishteyaque Ahmad ◽  
Md. Nazer Hasan ◽  
Ajitesh Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tail Clip

Background: Pain is one of the most frequent reasons for visiting a doctor. Large-scale studies in Western countries have shown that a fifth of the adult population suffer from chronic pain. Treatment of pain, still a major problem in clinical practice. Despite several available analgesics, unrelieved pain remains a major health care issue. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant drug, which is regarded as adjuvant analgesic. There is a common consensus among the researchers on analgesic effect of amitriptyline which is mediated by central pathway but for the peripheral mechanism no conclusive evidence exists till now.Methods: To establish the analgesic mechanism of amitriptyline we tried to evaluate the analgesic activity on different mice models for central (Radiant heat tail flick test and Haffner’s tail clip method) and peripheral analgesia (Writhing test). We also compare the effects of amitriptyline with standard drugs for central and peripheral analgesia.Results: Both in Radiant heat tail flick test and Haffner’s tail clip method we found that the amitriptyline showed significant (p<0.05 to p<0.001) activity as compared to control and diclofenac group. But in comparison to pentazocin group amitriptyline didn’t show significant difference in the reaction time. In acetic acid induced writhing test amitriptyline group mice showed 41.09% reduction in number of writhes as compared to control group. While the standard control (Diclofenac) showed reduction of 65.17% as compared to control. So, amitriptyline showed comparable efficacy towards reduction in number of writhes with that of diclofenac.Conclusions: The results revealed that amitriptyline has significant analgesic activity which is mediated by modulation of both the central and peripheral pathways.

scholarly journals Effect of adjuvant drugs on the analgesic activity of opioid morphine analgesics and compound RU-1205

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Spasov ◽  
Olesya Iu. Grechko ◽  
Natalya V. Eliseeva ◽  
Yuliya V. Lifanova ◽  
Angelina N. Aleksandrenkova
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Benzodiazepine Receptor ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Kappa Agonist ◽  
Kappa Opioid Agonist ◽  
Probable Interaction

Introduction: Adjuvant medications can be used to increase the analgesic effect of opioid analgesics, reduce the manifestation of side effects, and also for premedication. This paper provides information on the effect of clonidine, haloperidol, metocloparmide, diazepam, midazolam on opioid analgesics: - morphine and the selective kappa-opioid agonist compound RU-1205. Materials and methods: A probable interaction between RU-1205, morphine and adjuvant drugs in pain behaviors was carried out on the model of somatogenic pain. 95 male mice received either RU-1205 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and morphine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) separately or in combination with haloperidol (0.45 mg/kg, i.p.); midazolam (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.); diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.); metoclopramide (5 mg/kg, i.p.), and clonidine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The analgesic effect was assessed by tail flick test. Registration of the latent period of the reaction was carried out 30, 60 and 90 minutes after the adjuvant drug administration. Results: When studying the interaction with morphine, it was found that clonidine, haloperidol and metoclopramide enhanced the effects; diazepam offset them, and midazolam had no affect on the analgesic properties. In the course of the studies, RU-1205 showed an increase in analgesic activity when combined with clonidine, a slight increase with midazolam, and a decrease when co-administered with diazepam. Haloperidol had no influence on the effect of RU-1205, while metoclopramide both potentiated and reduced the analgesic effect. Discussion: Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of RU-1205 with an α2AR agonist, benzodiazepine receptor agonists, D2P antagonist, and σ-receptor blocker were established. Conclusion: The presented data make it possible to more accurately formulate ideas about the localization and action mechanism of the kappa-agonist of opioid receptors, the compound RU-1205.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF NELUMBO NUCIFERA FRUIT ETHANOL EXTRACT

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ALI RAJPUT ◽  
TABASSUM ZEHRA ◽  
FIZZAH ALI ◽  
GUNESH KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Pathway Inhibition

Objective: Utilization of herbal remedies rich in flavonoids and vitamins have increased significantly these days to treat various disorders, thus existing research work encircled to appraise the analgesic effect of Nelumbo nucifera fruit (NNF) for evaluating its traditional use pharmacologically in disorders which are associated with pain and inflammation. Methods: Central analgesic activity in mice was assessed by tail flick test and the latency time i.e. the removal of tail from the stimulus was recorded. Similarly acetic acid induced writhing test was also conducted for the assessment of peripheral analgesic effect in mice and number of writhes was counted along with percent inhibition of writhes. Results: In tail flick test the peek anti-nociceptive effect at all doses of fruit was observed at 90 min. However, the percentage of tail elongation time was highest at a dose of 200 mg/kg i.e. 82% at 90 min. Number of writhes was highly significantly reduced at all doses of NNF but maximum effects were observed at dose 200 mg/kg as compared to control, indicating 48.41 % inhibition of writhes. Conclusion: NNF have exhibited strong analgesic effect in both animal models, which may be connected with the synergistic actions of flavonoids, saponins and tannins on arachidonic acid pathway inhibition. Hence NNF seems to have a great potential in disorders associated with pain but more experimental trials in this field are required to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the analgesic activity of the water soluble extract of stem of Tinospora cordifolia in experimentally induced pain in albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 938
Author(s):  
Sumanlata . ◽  
Akanksha Suman ◽  
Rajeev Kumar Sharma ◽  
Meenakshi Jindal ◽  
Adnan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Water Soluble Extract

Background: Pain and pyrexia are the warning signals, primarily protective in nature, that cause discomfort and suffering and may even be unbearable and incapacitating. The modern drugs (like opioids, NSAIDs, corticosteroids) currently used for the management of pain, fever and inflammatory conditions, present with many known adverse effects. Tinospora cordifolia known as Giloe, widely used in folk medicine due to its property to cure a number of diseases. Hence the present study was undertaken to explore the analgesic activity of water-soluble extract of stem of T. cordifolia in albino rats in experimentally induced pain.Methods: Present study was done in the department of pharmacology, albino rats were used to study the analgesic activity of T. cordifolia aqueous extract at the dose of 1.25g/kg,2.5g/kg and 5g/kg p.o. Various methods like Eddy’s hot plate, tail flick test and acetic acid induced writhing were used for the anti- nociceptive study.Results: In Eddy’s hot plate and tail flick test an increase in reaction time was observed with peak effect at 90min. Results were similar to the standard drug Tramadol in acetic acid induced writhing increase in time of onset, decrease in number and duration of writhing was observed.Conclusions: Aqueous extract of T. cordifolia was effective in all the three models of pain suggesting its possible action by central and peripheral mechanisms. Activity of T. cordifolia can be attributed to various phytoconstituents viz. protoberberine alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides and polysaccharides. It can be developed as potent analgesic agent in future.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC EFFECT OF BACLOFEN IN ALBINO RATS IN COMPARISON WITH DICLOFENAC

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
R. Mangala Devi M. D ◽  
Akhil M. D ◽  
S. Vasanth M.D DNB
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Animal House

Aim and objective: To evaluate the analgesic effect of baclofen in albino rats in comparison with diclofenac. Materials and Methods: Eighteen inbred male albino rats weighing about 150-200 gms were selected from central animal house. They were divided into three groups, with six rats in each. Group I served as control received normal feed and water. Group II served as standard received T. Diclofenac – 10 mg/kg (oral). Group III served as test group received T. Baclofen -- 8mg/kg (oral). The analgesic effect of baclofen was evaluated using Eddy’s hot plate method and tail-flick method and compared with diclofenac. The values obtained are expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis of differences between groups was carried out using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Probability (P) value of <0.05 was taken as the level of statistical significance. Results: Baclofen showed statistically significant analgesic activity in comparison with control group and standard group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Baclofen a GABA- B agonist has significant analgesic activity comparable to that of diclofenac (P < 0.05)

The nitric oxide–cGMP signaling pathway plays a significant role in tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercan Ozdemir ◽  
Ihsan Bagcivan ◽  
Nedim Durmus ◽  
Ahmet Altun ◽  
Sinan Gursoy
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Morphine Tolerance ◽  
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Cgmp Signaling

Although the phenomenon of opioid tolerance has been widely investigated, neither opioid nor nonopioid mechanisms are completely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the nitric oxide (NO)–cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in the development of morphine-induced analgesia tolerance. The study was carried out on male Wistar albino rats (weighing 180–210 g; n = 126). To develop morphine tolerance, animals were given morphine (50 mg/kg; s.c.) once daily for 3 days. After the last dose of morphine was injected on day 4, morphine tolerance was evaluated. The analgesic effects of 3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1), BAY 41-2272, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and morphine were considered at 15 or 30 min intervals (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min) by tail-flick and hot-plate analgesia tests (n = 6 in each study group). The results showed that YC-1 and BAY 41-2272, a NO-independent activator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), significantly increased the development and expression of morphine tolerance, and L-NAME, a NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, significantly decreased the development of morphine tolerance. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the nitric oxide–cGMP signal pathway plays a pivotal role in developing tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine.

Semi-synthesis of Novel Buprenorphine Derivatives and their Anti-nociceptive Properties and Dependency Potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Hasanpour ◽  
Peyman Salehi ◽  
Lennart Bunch ◽  
Mona Khoramjouy ◽  
Morteza Bararjanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Receptors ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Analgesic Activities

Abstract: Novel 1,2,3-triazole-tethered N-norbuprenorphine derivatives with an OMe or OH group at the C3 position were synthesized alongside with evaluation of their analgesic properties. The analgesic activities of the resulting library were investigated via tail flick test in mice. Our results indicated that 10b and 10e were as effective as the starting compounds 8 and 9 with ED50 equal to 16.59 and 19.44 mg/kg, respectively. To investigate the effect of a methyl group at C3 on biological properties, the most active compounds were O-demethylated and their anti-nociceptive effects were assessed. The new O-demethylated derivatives (11b and 11e) showed better analgesic properties than the parent compounds with ED50 of 14.73 and 15.80 mg/kg, respectively. Naloxone prevented the analgesic effect of the synthesized compounds, indicating that the opioid receptors are highly involved in the anti-nociceptive effects of these. The potential dependency effects of the most potent derivatives were studied by condition place preference test in mice and compared to morphine and buprenorphine. Interestingly, 10b, 10e, 11b, and 11e did not show any dependency effect, similar to buprenorphine.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF MURRAYA KOENIGII AND CORIANDRUM SATIVUM LEAVES EXTRACT IN ANIMAL MODEL.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Kartik Salwe J ◽  
Mirunalini R ◽  
Jervin Mano ◽  
Manimekalai K
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

 Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii and Coriandrum sativum leaves and compared it with standard drug in an animal model.Methods: Hydroalcoholic extracts of M. koenigii and C. sativum leaves were obtained using Soxhlet apparatus. The central analgesic property was screened by hot plate method in mice and tail flick method in rats. The pain reaction time (PRT) was measured at 30, 60, and 120 min. The peripheral analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing in mice.Results: In hot plate method M. koenigii leaves extract at both doses and tramadol showed significant increase in PRT at 30, 60, and 120 min compared with control group. C. sativum leaves extract showed significant increase in PRT only at 60 and 120 min compared to control group. In tail flick method M. koenigii leaves extract at both doses, higher dose of C. sativum leaves extract and tramadol showed significant increase in PRT at 30, 60, and 120 min compared with control group. Higher dose of M. koenigii leaves extract (200 mg/kg) was comparable with standard drug tramadol in both the methods. M. koenigii leaves extract at both dose showed significant reduction in the number of writhing but C. sativum leaves extract failed to show any significant reduction in the number of writhing compared with control. Higher dose of M. koenigii leaves extract was comparable with standard drug tramadol.Conclusion: M. koenigii leaves extract showed both peripheral and central analgesic effect while C. sativum leaves extract showed only peripheral analgesic effect.

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