scholarly journals COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY OF TWO DISINFECTANTS FOR CONTROLLING GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA ON THERMOPLASTIC RETAINERS IN DENTAL PLAQUES

2019 ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
CITRA PARAMITA ◽  
MIESJE K PURWANEGARA ◽  
FARUK HOESIN
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oral Tissue ◽  
Dental Plaques ◽  
Single Blind

Objective: Thermoplastic retainers are believed to be able to change the ecosystem for the oral cavity microflora. To prevent oral tissue damage,it is vital that retainers are subjected to appropriate cleaning techniques. This study compared the effectiveness of two disinfectants in cleaningthermoplastic retainers against Gram-positive bacteria in the dental plaque layer.Methods: The two disinfectants used in this study were Polident and 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate. We performed laboratory studies on Gramnegativebacteria using a single-blind setup, with three groups of subjects, each with 13 participants.Results: The results showed that there was a significant reduction in the number of Gram-positive bacterial colonies in the dental plaque layer onretainers cleaned with Polident compared with the control, whereas cleaning the retainer with 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate showed no significantdifference in the number of Gram-positive bacteria compared with the control.Conclusion: We conclude that there is a significant difference in the number of Gram-positive bacteria on the teeth before and after insertion of athermoplastic retainer in Polident solution, whereas immersion in Minosep did not reduce bacterial numbers compared with that in the control.

scholarly journals Anti-Microbial and Remineralizing Properties of Self-Adhesive Orthodontic Resin Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3550
Author(s):  
Aerin Choi ◽  
Kyung-Hyeon Yoo ◽  
Seog-Young Yoon ◽  
Bong-Soo Park ◽  
In-Ryoung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mesoporous Bioactive Glass

Self-adhesive resins (SARs) contain adhesives, which simplify the procedures of resin application, and primers, which provide sufficient bonding ability. In this study, mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBN) were added to a SAR to easily improve the physical properties and remineralization ability. The experimental resins comprised 1%, 3%, and 5% MBN mixed in Ortho Connect Flow (GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan). As the MBN content in the SAR increased, the microhardness increased, and a statistically significant difference was observed between the cases of 1% and 5% MBN addition. Shear bond strength increased for 1% and 3% MBN samples and decreased for 5% MBN. The addition of MBN indicated a statistically significant antibacterial effect on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The anti-demineralization experiment showed that the remineralization length increased with the MBN content of the sample. Through the above results, we found that SAR containing MBN has antibacterial and remineralization effects. Thus, by adding MBN to the SAR, we investigated the possibility of orthodontic resin development, wherein the strength is enhanced and the drawbacks of the conventional SAR addressed.

scholarly journals Pyelonephritis in Pediatric Uropathic Patients: Differences from Community-Acquired Ones and Therapeutic Protocol Considerations. A 10-Year Single-Center Retrospective Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Giovanni Parente ◽  
Tommaso Gargano ◽  
Stefania Pavia ◽  
Chiara Cordola ◽  
Marzia Vastano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Pyelonephritis (PN) represents an important cause of morbidity in the pediatric population, especially in uropathic patients. The aim of the study is to demonstrate differences between PNs of uropathic patients and PNs acquired in community in terms of uropathogens involved and antibiotic sensitivity; moreover, to identify a proper empiric therapeutic strategy. A retrospective study was conducted on antibiograms on urine cultures from PNs in vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) patients admitted to pediatric surgery department and from PNs in not VUR patients admitted to Pediatric Emergency Unit between 2010 and 2020. We recorded 58 PNs in 33 patients affected by VUR and 112 PNs in the not VUR group. The mean age of not VUR patients at the PN episode was 1.3 ± 2.6 years (range: 20 days of life–3 years), and almost all the urine cultures, 111 (99.1%), isolated Gram-negative bacteria and rarely, 1 (0.9%), Gram-positive bacteria. The Gram-negative uropathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (97%), Proteus mirabilis (2%), and Klebsiella spp. (1%). The only Gram-positive bacteria isolated was an Enterococcus faecalis. As regards the antibiograms, 96% of not VUR PNs responded to beta-lactams, 99% to aminoglycosides, and 80% to sulfonamides. For the VUR group, mean age was 3.0 years ± 3.0 years (range: 9 days of life–11 years) and mean number of episodes per patient was 2.0 ± 1.0 (range: 1–5); 83% of PNs were by Gram-negatives bacteria vs. 17% by Gram-positive: the most important Gram-negative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (44%), Escherichia coli (27%), and Klebsiella spp. (12%), while Enterococcus spp. determined 90% of Gram-positive UTIs. Regimen ampicillin/ceftazidime (success rate: 72.0%) was compared to ampicillin/amikacin (success rate of 83.0%): no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.09). The pathogens of PNs in uropathic patients are different from those of community-acquired PNs, and clinicians should be aware of their peculiar antibiotic susceptibility. An empiric therapy based on the association ampicillin + ceftazidime is therefore suggested.

scholarly journals Difference of Procalcitonin Levels in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis Patients of Indonesia Army Central Hospital Gatot Soebroto in 2016

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Nindy Handayani ◽  
Soroy Lardo ◽  
Nunuk Nugrohowati
Keyword(s):  
Mean Difference ◽  
P Value ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Sepsis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Procalcitonin is known as a marker of infection and indicator for severity of infections. In sepsis, elevated procalcitonin levels in blood have a significant value that can be used as a sepsis biomarker. The aim of this study was to determine the mean difference of procalcitonin levels in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial sepsis patients.Methods: This study used quantitative method with cross sectional approach. The sample of this study were bacterial sepsis patients of Indonesia Army Central Hospital Gatot Soebroto in 2016 which were divided into two groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial sepsis patients with the number of each group was 30 samples. The data were analyzed by using independent t test.Results: This study showed that mean levels of procalcitonin in Gram-positive bacterial sepsis patients was 6.47 ng/ml and Gram-negative was 66.04 ng/ml. There was a significant difference between mean levels of procalcitonin in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial sepsis patients of Indonesia Army Central Hospital Gatot Soebroto in 2016 with p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The mean difference of procalcitonin levels in Gram-negative bacterial sepsis patients were higher than Gram-positive bacterial sepsis patients, because Gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharide which is a strong immunostimulator and increases TNF-α production higher than Gram-positive bacteria. 

Laboratory Studies of the Effects of Carbohydrate Consumption on Wakefulness

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-225
Author(s):  
Ulf Landström ◽  
Anders Knutsson ◽  
Maria Lennernäs ◽  
Lena Söderberg
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Subjective Estimates ◽  
High Degree

Changes in wakefulness before and after exposure to carbohydrate intake were tested in 30 test persons. Changes in wakefulness were tested via EEG and subjective estimates. The intakes consisted of 400 ml glucose, 250 kcal (GI 100), 400 ml fructose, 209 kcal (GI 20), and 400 ml water. The study has indicated that intake of fructose, glucose and water had a similar stimulating effect on wakefulness in drowsy subjects immediately after intake. Our results also indicate that intake of fructose can lead to a delay in the development of drowsiness. Compared to water, a 20–30 minutes delay of the point in time when high-degree drowsiness developed, took place. There was no significant difference between glucose and water.

scholarly journals Pattern of antibiotic resistance of various strains of bacteria causing acute tonsillitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 994
Author(s):  
N. Jyothsna ◽  
A. Ramya ◽  
K. Abhilash ◽  
Bathsa Liza Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Significant Difference

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Our study was done to determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance of various strains of bacteria causing acute tonsillitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> the study was a randomized cross sectional study. Patients matching the inclusion criteria were included. Duration of study was 6 months.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 120 cases, 46 cases showed no bacterial growth (NBG) and 74 cases showed bacterial growth. 42 cases were gram-negative bacterial strain and 32 cases were positive bacterial strain out of 72 bacterial grown cases. A list of 25 antibiotic drugs in gram-negative and 31 drugs in gram-positive strain, their sensitivity and resistance were taken and noted. Among gram-negative bacteria imipenem (71.4%) showed highest sensitivity. Highest antibiotic resistance was seen in ampicillin (85.71%). Least sensitivity is observed in clindamycin, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid with 2.38%. Among gram-positive bacteria, highest sensitivity was noted in cefotaxime (75%). Highest antibiotic resistance was seen in cotrimoxazole (46.8%). Least sensitivity is observed in netilmicin, sulbactam with 3.12%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The number of drugs resistant to the gram-positive bacteria are lesser than number of drugs sensitive, which showed significant difference (p&lt;0.05). Significant difference of antibiotic drugs was not found in gram-negative bacteria. Our study findings helped in appropriate and guarded use of the antibiotic drugs in acute tonsillitis, minimizing the exposure of individuals to antibiotic resistance by choosing an appropriate sensitive drug, therefore improving the quality of therapy.</p>

Effect of acupressure on post tonsillectomy pain in adolescents: a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial study

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaye Pouy ◽  
Abolfazl Etebarian Khorasgani ◽  
Ali Azizi-Qadikolaee ◽  
Yasaman Yaghobi
Keyword(s):  
Pain Control ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Single Blind

Abstract Introduction Tonsillectomy is one of the most common pediatric surgeries in the world and pain control following tonsillectomy is very important. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acupressure on the amount of pain following tonsillectomy in children. Method One hundred and forty-four children aged 5–12 years old were assigned into one of three groups: interventions, control and placebo. In the intervention group, acupressure was applied at three acupoints and in the placebo group, sham acupressure was applied. In the control group routine care only was applied. Results There was a significant difference between an average of changes in pain score before and after the intervention during the 3 time periods after the tonsillectomy operation in the acupressure group (p = 0.002). Conclusion The results showed that acupressure had a positive effect on pain reduction after tonsillectomy in children in the intervention group.

Reduction in Bacterial Loading Using 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate as an Irrigant in Pulpectomized Primary Teeth: A Preliminary Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Ruiz-Esparza ◽  
A Garrocho-Rangel ◽  
AM Gonzalez-Amaro ◽  
H Flores-Reyes ◽  
AJ Pozos-Guillen
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reduction in bacterial loading using 2% chlorhexidine gluconate as an irrigating solution in pulpectomized primary teeth. Study design: A randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed that included primary teeth with pulp necrosis. Forty necrotic teeth were included, 20 irrigated with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (experimental group) and 20 with sterile saline solution (control group); in all cases, 2 microbiological samples from within the canals were taken with sterile paper points, the first after the canal opening and before the first irrigation, and the second after instrumentation and final irrigation, before filling. All samples were evaluated by McFarland's scale. Results: The results were statistically analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test. After analyzing samples before and after irrigation in the control group (saline), we found a significant decrease of bacterial load (P &lt;0.0002). The same occurred in the chlorhexidine group samples (P &lt;0.0001). When both groups were compared postirrigation,a statistically significant difference was observed in favor of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate.Conclusion: Two percent chlorhexidine gluconate showed a greater reduction of intracanal bacterial loading compared with that observed with sterile saline solution. This irrigating solution is suggested as an alternative for pulpectomy of necrotic primary teeth.

Bacterial diversity associated with subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) ectomycorrhizae following wildfire and salvage-logging in central British Columbia

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 611-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhukar B Khetmalas ◽  
Keith N Egger ◽  
Hugues B Massicotte ◽  
Linda E Tackaberry ◽  
M Jill Clapperton
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference

To assess the effect of fire and salvage logging on the diversity of mycorrhizal–bacterial communities, bacteria associated with Cenococcum, Thelephora, Tomentella, Russulaceae, and E-strain ectomycorrhizae (ECM) of Abies lasiocarpa seedlings were characterized using two approaches. First, bacteria were isolated and characterized by Biolog©, gas chromatography fatty acid methyl ester (GC-FAME), and amplified 16S rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). The bacterial communities retrieved from ECM from both sites were dominated by Proteobacteria (groups gamma and beta). Pseudomonas was the most common genus isolated, followed by Variovorax, Burkholderia, and Xanthomonas. Gram-positive isolates (mostly high-G+C Gram-positive bacteria) were more frequently retrieved on the burned-salvaged site, many commonly associated with the two ascomycete ECM, Cenococcum and E-strain. Pseudomonas species were retrieved more frequently from Thelephora. Although actinomycetes were isolated from all sites, almost no actinomycetes or other Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from either Thelephora or Tomentella. Second, amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences were amplified directly from root tips and then cloned into the plasmid vector pAMP1, followed by restriction analysis. This technique distinguished more genotypes than isolates retrieved by culturing methods, but generally, results were similar in that the largest proportion of the bacteria were putatively Gram-negative; putative Gram-positive bacteria were fewer and most were from the burned–salvaged site. Direct cloning resulted in many patterns that did not match any identified isolates, suggesting that a large proportion of clones were unique or not culturable by the methods used. Analysis for both protocols showed no significant difference in bacterial diversity between the burned–salvaged and unburned sites. Key words: rhizosphere bacteria, ARDRA, 16S rDNA, Biolog©, GC-FAME.

scholarly journals Photodynamic effect of TPP encapsulated in polystyrene nanoparticles toward multi-resistant pathogenic bacterial strains: AFM evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Malá ◽  
Ludmila Žárská ◽  
Lukáš Malina ◽  
Kateřina Langová ◽  
Renata Večeřová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Photodynamic Effect ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Sulfonated Polystyrene ◽  
Polystyrene Nanoparticles ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Before And After

AbstractPhotodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a promising approach for the efficient killing of pathogenic microbes. In this study, the photodynamic effect of sulfonated polystyrene nanoparticles with encapsulated hydrophobic 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP-NP) photosensitizers on Gram-positive (including multi-resistant) and Gram-negative bacterial strains was investigated. The cell viability was determined by the colony forming unit method. The results showed no dark cytotoxicity but high phototoxicity within the tested conditions. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to TPP-NPs than Gram-negative bacteria. Atomic force microscopy was used to detect changes in the morphological properties of bacteria before and after the PDI treatment.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effect of chamomile and chlorhexidine glucosan cleansing on dental plaque and mucosal lesions of ventilated patients in the intensive care unit

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-119
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Mucosal Lesions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Ventilated Patients

Background and Aims: The use of methods with minimal complications and risk is of utmost importance in the promotion of oral hygiene in the care of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The present study aimed to compare the effect of chamomile mouthwash and chlorhexidine gluconate on dental plaque and oral mucosal lesions of patients under ventilator in the intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 50 eligible patients who were selected via available sampling method from among trauma patients in the ICU of Imam Reza (AS) Hospital in Birjand. They were assigned to two groups of chamomile extract 10% (n=25) and chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% (n=25) by block randomization. In each group, the solution was used three times a day every 8 hours for 5 days. The instruments were the Backas Assessment Checklist (BOAS) and the Mucosal Plate (MPS). Results: In both groups, the mean total score of oral mucosal lesions and dental plaque significantly decreased 2 and 5 days after the intervention, compared to the pre-intervention (P<0.001); nonetheless, the two groups were not significantly different in this regard (P>0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean changes in the total scores of oral mucosal lesions and dental plaque at different times in the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Chamomile mouthwash and chlorhexidine mouthwash have similar beneficial effects on dental plaque and oral mucosal lesions of ventilated patients admitted to the ICU.

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