scholarly journals A REVIEW ARTICLE-GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhas C. ◽  
Naseef P. P.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
To Come ◽  
First Time ◽  
Carbohydrate Intolerance

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and ongoing patient self-management education and support to prevent acute complications and to reduce the long-term complications. Moderate to severe maternal hyperglycemia in pregnancy has unique diabetes-related risks to mother and her unborn baby. So Gestational Diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a carbohydrate intolerance that is not diabetes that has developed or been discovered for the first time during pregnancy. Approximately 7% of pregnancies are affected by GDM. Patient with GDM are at higher risk for excessive weight gain, preeclampsia, and cesarean sections. Infants born to mothers with GDM are at higher risk for macrosomia, birth trauma, and shoulder dystocia. After delivery, these infants have a higher risk of developing hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress syndrome, polycythemia and subsequent obesity and type 2 diabetes. So the management of GDM is very important, and its management remains a challenge for the obstetricians and endocrinologists. MNT is the most common therapy which suffices for GDM, but when required. The pharmacological treatment becomes necessary, and the treatment of choice is human insulin. OHAs have also reached the high tables in the management of GDM. Glyburide and metformin have been found to be safe, effective and economical for the treatment of gestational diabetes. Let us join hands to manage the GDM effectively, not only for the present generation but also for the generations to come.

scholarly journals Lactation Duration and Long-term Risk for Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Care ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia H. Ley ◽  
Jorge E. Chavarro ◽  
Mengying Li ◽  
Wei Bao ◽  
Stefanie N. Hinkle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lactation Duration

scholarly journals Epigenetic Changes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7649
Author(s):  
Dominik Franciszek Dłuski ◽  
Ewa Wolińska ◽  
Maciej Skrzypczak
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
First Time

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance that appears or is for the first time diagnosed during pregnancy. It can lead to many complications in the mother and in the offspring, so diagnostics and management of GDM are important to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes. Epigenetic studies revealed the different methylation status of genes in pregnancies with GDM compared to pregnancies without GDM. A growing body of evidence shows that the GDM can affect not only the course of the pregnancy, but also the development of the offspring, thus contributing to long-term effects and adverse health outcomes of the progeny. Epigenetic changes occur through histone modification, DNA methylation, and disrupted function of non-coding ribonucleic acid (ncRNA) including microRNAs (miRNAs). In this review, we focus on the recent knowledge about epigenetic changes in GDM. The analysis of this topic may help us to understand pathophysiological mechanisms in GDM and find a solution to prevent their consequences.

GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
RINAT GABBAY BEN-ZIV ◽  
MOSHE HOD
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Perinatal Morbidity ◽  
Diabetes In Pregnancy ◽  
Diabetes Gestational ◽  
Carbohydrate Intolerance ◽  
In Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is defined as “carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy.” The definition is applicable regardless of whether insulin is used for treatment or the condition persists after pregnancy. It does not exclude the possibility that unrecognized glucose intolerance may have antedated the pregnancy”. GDM complicates 3–15% of all pregnancies and is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, as well as maternal long term morbidity. Of all types of diabetes, gestational diabetes (GDM) accounts for approximately 90–95% of all cases of diabetes in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Exosomes Could Offer New Options to Combat the Long-Term Complications Inflicted by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Ferreira Floriano ◽  
Gareth Willis ◽  
Francesco Catapano ◽  
Patrícia Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
Fabiana Vieira Duarte Souza Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Health Costs ◽  
Cell Sources

Gestational diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a complex clinical condition that promotes pelvic floor myopathy, thus predisposing sufferers to urinary incontinence (UI). GDM usually regresses after birth. Nonetheless, a GDM history is associated with higher risk of subsequently developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and UI. Some aspects of the pathophysiology of GDM remain unclear and the associated pathologies (outcomes) are poorly addressed, simultaneously raising public health costs and diminishing women’s quality of life. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles produced and actively secreted by cells as part of their intercellular communication system. Exosomes are heterogenous in their cargo and depending on the cell sources and environment, they can mediate both pathogenetic and therapeutic functions. With the advancement in knowledge of exosomes, new perspectives have emerged to support the mechanistic understanding, prediction/diagnosis and ultimately, treatment of the post-GMD outcomes. Here, we will review recent advances in knowledge of the role of exosomes in GDM and related areas and discuss the possibilities for translating exosomes as therapeutic agents in the GDM clinical setting.

scholarly journals Long-Term Protective Effect of Lactation on the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Women With Recent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3167-3171 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-G. Ziegler ◽  
M. Wallner ◽  
I. Kaiser ◽  
M. Rossbauer ◽  
M. H. Harsunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Protective Effect

scholarly journals Gestational diabetes mellitus: management during and after pregnancy - a systematic literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Claudia Banowati Subarto ◽  
Mohammad Hakimi ◽  
Yuli Isnaeni
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Future Health ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. Women with gestational diabetes have a higher risk of serious health outcomes for mother and baby such as preeclampsia, premature birth and the long term development of type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted to present a review of available research in several countries about GDM management during and after pregnancy. Method: Several databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect and EBSco were searched for relevant articles published between January 2009 and January 2019. Result: Of the 1186 initial articles identified, this study analyzed 7 relevant articles that met the inclusion criteria. This study showed that management for GDM includes medical nutrition therapy, exercise, monitoring of blood glucose, and insulin therapy if blood glucose is not achieved with that treatment. Exclusive breast feeding for at least three months has been shown reducing the risk of childhood obesity of children, particularly in those born to obese and mothers with GDM Conclusion: There is a need to increase awareness of long-term consequences on gestational diabetes, both in patients and in healthcare professionals. Counseling is needed for dietary intervention and physical activity for all postpartum women with a history of GDM to stay healthy or to improve future health

Long-Term Metabolic Consequences in Patients with a History of Gestational Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (43) ◽  
pp. 5564-5572
Author(s):  
Eleni Kousta ◽  
Adamantia Kontogeorgi ◽  
Stephen Robinson ◽  
Desmond G. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Metabolic Complication ◽  
History Of

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic complication of pregnancy. Universal guidelines on gestational diabetes have been impeded by the long-term controversies on its definition and screening strategies. The prevalence of gestational diabetes is rising all over the world, is significantly influenced by ethnicity and its rise is mainly attributed to increasing maternal obesity and age. Gestational diabetes mellitus has important long-term implications, including gestational diabetes recurrence, increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease for the mother. Gestational diabetes mellitus may be viewed as a chronic metabolic disorder that is identified in women during gestation and may provide a unique opportunity for the early identification and primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in these women. In this mini-review, the evolution of screening tests for gestational diabetes and guidelines are briefly described and metabolic and cardiovascular long-term consequences of women with a history of gestational diabetes are summarized. A summary of our own St. Mary’s Hospital-UK Research series on long-term metabolic consequences of 368 women with a history of gestational diabetes of 3 different ethnic groups and 482 control women is also included. We found that approximately 2 years following delivery, 37% of women with a history of gestational diabetes had abnormal glucose concentrations, but, most importantly, even those who were normoglycaemic, postpartum displayed metabolic abnormalities on detailed testing. Future research needs to focus on the prevention of gestational diabetes long-term complications, but also in identification of pre-pregnancy predictors and risk reduction before conception.

scholarly journals Comparative impact analysis of risk factors on the course and outcomes of pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
O. R. Grigoryan ◽  
R. K. Mikheev ◽  
A. N. Kurinova ◽  
M. O. Chernova ◽  
D. V. Sazonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the high probability of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes for the mother and the fetus, as well as a number of long-term consequences in GDM are a serious medical and social problem and require the need for its prevention by correcting risk factors, timely diagnosis and effective treatment.AIM: Analysis of risk factors for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the relationship between GDM, the course and outcomes of pregnancy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 79 case histories of patients with confirmed GDM in the period from 2015 to 2017.RESULTS: In the structure of risk factors for mother and fetus, age over 30 years (73.1%), burdened heredity for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (30.8%), mother’s pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (overweight / obesity (26.9%)) had the greatest impact. Among the complications of pregnancy, the most common was the caesarean section (47.4%). The incidence of other complications (macrosomia (9%), premature birth (7.7%), congenital malformations of the fetus (5.1%), preeclampsia (5.1%) was lower than the average frequency of these complications in GDM, described in the literature. Nevertheless, it is 1.5–2 times higher than the average population indicators. In the course of statistical analysis of the data it was revealed, that the higher the mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI, the lower the Apgar score for the first minute in the newborn.CONCLUSION: Women with GDM require intensive monitoring of the course of pregnancy and timely hospitalization for planned delivery, and the provision of competent obstetric benefits.

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