scholarly journals DESIGN, FORMULATION AND IN VITRO DRUG RELEASE FROM TRANSDERMAL PATCHES CONTAINING IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE AS MODEL DRUG

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Hardainiyan ◽  
Krishan Kumar ◽  
Bankim Chandra Nandy ◽  
Richa Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Solvent Evaporation ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymer ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Matrix Type ◽  
Transdermal Patches ◽  
Imipramine Hydrochloride

Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to form matrix type transdermal patches containing imipramine hydrochloride were prepared using two polymers by solvent evaporation technique to minimise the dose of the drug for lesser side effect and increase the bioavailability of a drug.Methods: In the present study, drug loaded matrix type transdermal films of imipramine hydrochloride were prepared by the solvent evaporation method with the help of polymers along with polyethene glycol (PEG) 400 was used as plasticizer and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as penetration enhancer. Drug-polymer interactions determine by FTIR and a standard calibration curve of imipramine hydrochloride was determined by using UV estimation.Results: The formulated transdermal patch by using PVP K-30, HPMC K100M showed good physical properties. All prepared formulations indicated good physical stability. The formulation F-1 gave the most suitable transdermal film with all desirable physicochemical properties. The thickness of the patches was varied from 0.263±0.67 mm to 0.301±0.61 mm, uniformity of patches showed that patches prepared by solvent evaporation while low standard deviation values ensued by thickness measurements of the film, and weights ranged between 50.5±0.75 mg and 52.15±2.15 mg, which indicates that different batches patch weights, were comparatively similar. Folding endurance was found to be>200 that is satisfactory for the patches, drug content was found to be 5.33±0.14 mg to 5.57±0.095 mg. In vitro, drug permeation studies of formulations were performed by using K-C diffusion cells using abdomen skin of the albino rat. The results were best in in-vitro skin permeation through rat skin as compared to all other formulations prepared with a hydrophilic polymer containing permeation enhancer. The formulation, F1 is considered as the best formulation, since it shows maximum in vitro drug release as 84.71±3.07 % at 24 h. The drug release kinetics studies showed that the majority of formulations were governed by Higuchi model and mechanism of release was non-Fickian mediated.Conclusion: In conclusion, controlled release transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) patches of imipramine hydrochloride can be prepared using the polymer combinations, with plasticizer and enhancer. The release rate of drug through patched increased simultaneously as the concentration of hydrophilic polymer was increased. However, the mechanism of drug release of all formulations was non-Fickian. The properties of a film did not change during the period of study.

scholarly journals Formulation and Evaluation of Matrix Type Transdermal Patches of Glibenclamide

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. D. Gupta ◽  
R. Irchhiaya ◽  
N. Garud ◽  
Priyanka Tripathi ◽  
Prashant Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Matrix Type ◽  
Transdermal Patches ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Cumulative Amount

Matrix type transdermal patches containing Glibenclamide were prepared using three different polymers by solvent evaporation technique. Aluminium foil cup method was used as a substrate. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 was used as plasticizer and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as penetration enhancer. The physicochemical parameters like weight variation, thickness, folding endurance, drug content, % moisture absorption and % moisture loss were evaluated. In vitro drug release studies and skin permeation studies were carried out using Franz diffusion cell. Cumulative amount of drug released in 12 hours from the six formulations were 55.467, 52.633, 47.157, 53.394, 49.139 and 45.597 %, respectively. The corresponding values for cumulative amount of drug permeated for the said formulation were 43.013, 40.429, 37.793, 41.522, 37.450 and 34.656 %, respectively. On the basis of in vitro drug release and skin permeation performance, formulation HP-1 was found to be better than other formulations and it was selected as the optimized formulation.

scholarly journals PREPARATION, CHARACTERISATION AND EVALUATION OF ROPINIROLE HYDROCHLORIDE LOADED CONTROLLED RELEASE MICROSPHERES USING SOLVENT EVAPORATION TECHNIQUE

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Koyel Kar ◽  
R. N. Pal ◽  
N. N. Bala
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Solvent Evaporation ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Aqueous Solvent ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Ropinirole Hydrochloride

Objective: The major objective of the research work was to design, characterise and evaluate controlled release microspheres of ropinirole hydrochloride by using non-aqueous solvent evaporation technique to facilitate the delivery of the drug at a predetermined rate for a specific period of time.Methods: Ropinirole hydrochloride microspheres were prepared by using different low-density polymers such as eudragit RL 100, eudragit RS 100 and ethylcellulose either alone or in combination with the help of non-aqueous solvent evaporation technique. All the formulated microparticles were subjected to various evaluation parameters such as particle size analysis, micrometric properties, drug entrapment efficiency, percentage drug loading, percentage yield and in vitro drug release study. The compatibility of the drug and polymers was confirmed by physical compatibility study, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction study (XRD). The formation of the most optimized batch of the microsphere (F12) was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), DSC, FTIR, and XRD. In vitro drug release study and in vitro drug release kinetics study of the formulated microspheres were also carried out.Results: Drug-polymer compatibility studies performed with the help of FTIR and DSC indicated that there were no interactions. Results revealed that non-aqueous solvent evaporation technique was a suitable technique for the preparation of microspheres as most of the formulations were discrete, free-flowing and spherical in shape with a good yield of 55.67% to 80.09%, percentage drug loading of 35.52% to 94.50% and percentage drug entrapment efficiency of 36.24% to 95.07%. Different drug-polymer ratios, as well as the combination of polymers, played a significant role in the variation of over-all characteristics of formulations. Based on the data of various evaluation parameters such as particle size analysis, percentage drug loading, percentage drug entrapment, percentage yield, rheological studies and in vitro drug release characteristics, formulation F12 was found to fulfil the criteria of ideal controlled release drug delivery system. F12 showed controlled release till the 14th hour (97.99%) and its in vitro release kinetics was best explained by zero-order kinetics and followed Korsemeyer-Pappas model (Non-Fickian mechanism). SEM of F12 revealed the formation of spherical structures. The FTIR study of F12 confirmed the stable nature of ropinirole in the drug-loaded microspheres. DSC and XRD patterns showed that ropinirole hydrochloride was dispersed at the molecular level in the polymer matrix.Conclusion: The controlled release microparticles were successfully prepared and from this study, it was concluded that the developed microspheres of ropinirole hydrochloride can be used for controlled drug release to improve the bioavailability and patient compliance and to maintain a constant drug level in the blood target tissue by releasing the drug in zero order pattern.

Design and Development of Propranolol Hydrochloride Transdermal Patches: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Chinthakindi Shravya
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Propranolol Hydrochloride ◽  
Matrix Type ◽  
Transdermal Patches ◽  
Percent Moisture

The main aim of this investigation is to design and develop matrix type transdermal patches of Propranolol Hydrochloride which is an anti-hypertensive drug. These matrix type transdermal patches were prepared by “Solvent Casting Technique” using drug, HPMC E15 and Eudragit L 100 in the ratio of 1:6, 1:6.5, 1:7, 1:7.5, 1:8, 1:8.5, 1:9, 1:9.5. All formulations carried 20%v/w of PEG-600 as plasticizer. The prepared patches were characterized for various physicochemical parameters like weight, thickness, folding endurance, drug content, percent moisture content, percent moisture absorption, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation. Among this 1:9 ratio was found to be an Optimized formulation and patches were prepared by using permeation enhancers (lemon grass oil, Eucalyptus oil, and clove oil). The cumulative amount of drug release in 12hrs for F7 formulation showed maximum and used for that formulation skin permeation on Goat abdominal skin. FTIR studies show no interaction between drug, polymer and other excipients. The drug permeation kinetics followed “First order” and “zero order” profile with diffusion mechanism.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TRANSDERMAL PATCH OF PLUMBAGIN FOR ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Aman Sharma ◽  
Abhinav Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Matrix Type ◽  
Transdermal Patches ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Anti Fungal

The objective of the current study is to improve the patient compliance and sustained drug release action by herbal medicine which can be achieved by developing alternative drug delivery system. The matrix type transdermal patches containing plumbagin were prepared by solvent evaporation method with different ratios of polymers (HPMC 50cps, PVP K29-32 and EUDRAGIT RS-100). In these matrix type transdermal patches, the PEG (Polyethylene glycol) was used as plasticizer and DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide) used as a penetration enhancer. The formulated patches were evaluated for physicochemical parameters like thickness, weight variation, % moisture content, % moisture uptake, % flatness, folding endurance and drug content. In vitro drug release studies were carried out by using the Franz diffusion cell. The cumulative % of drug released in 10 hours from the six batch formulations were 95.66%, 94.2%, 97.33%, 90.13%, 83.75% and 85.71%, respectively. On the basis of in-vitro drug release, formulation (HE-2) was found to be better than other formulation and these were selected for further evaluation such as anti-fungal activity and stability studies.

scholarly journals Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patches Containing Glimipiride

2019 ◽  
pp. 276-287
Author(s):  
Ningule Ganesh M. ◽  
Nagoba Shivappa N. ◽  
Shaikh Atiya L. ◽  
Wadulkar Raghunath D. ◽  
Deshmukh Aditye Y.
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Solvent Evaporation ◽  
Compatibility Study ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Matrix Type ◽  
Drug Diffusion ◽  
Transdermal Patches ◽  
Weight Variation

The purpose of this research was to develop a matrix-type transdermal therapeutic system containing drug Glimepride with different ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymeric systems by the solvent evaporation technique. Different concentrations of oleic acid and isopropyle myristate were used to enhance the transdermal permeation of glimipride. Matrix type transdermal patches prepared by using different ratio of Eudragit RS100, HPMC100M, by using solvent evaporation techniques. All the prepared formulation were subjected to evaluation studies i.e., weight variation, thickness, drug content, moisture content, moisture uptake, flatness and in-vitro drug release. The physicochemical compatibility of the drug and the polymers studied by differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy suggested absence of any incompatibility. Compatibility study between drug and polymer can be done by FTIR. From the all formulation batch F3 was optimized formula. Shows linear zero order release for 24 hrs with cumulative % drug diffusion of 88.34% from 4cm2 patches. It is concluded that concentration of polymer (HPMC100M) when increases into primary layer, then In-vitro diffusion rate also increases and concentration of Eudragit Rs100 when increases, the drug diffusion decreases. It provides better controlled drug release for patch.

scholarly journals Polymer/Iron-Based Layered Double Hydroxides as Multifunctional Wound Dressings

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1130
Author(s):  
Mariana Pires Figueiredo ◽  
Ana Borrego-Sánchez ◽  
Fátima García-Villén ◽  
Dalila Miele ◽  
Silvia Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
Double Hydroxides

This work presents the development of multifunctional therapeutic membranes based on a high-performance block copolymer scaffold formed by polyether (PE) and polyamide (PA) units (known as PEBA) and layered double hydroxide (LDH) biomaterials, with the aim to study their uses as wound dressings. Two LDH layer compositions were employed containing Mg2+ or Zn2+, Fe3+ and Al3+ cations, intercalated with chloride anions, abbreviated as Mg-Cl or Zn-Cl, or intercalated with naproxenate (NAP) anions, abbreviated as Mg-NAP or Zn-NAP. Membranes were structurally and physically characterized, and the in vitro drug release kinetics and cytotoxicity assessed. PEBA-loading NaNAP salt particles were also prepared for comparison. Intercalated NAP anions improved LDH–polymer interaction, resulting in membranes with greater mechanical performance compared to the polymer only or to the membranes containing the Cl-LDHs. Drug release (in saline solution) was sustained for at least 8 h for all samples and release kinetics could be modulated: a slower, an intermediate and a faster NAP release were observed from membranes containing Zn-NAP, NaNAP and Mg-NAP particles, respectively. In general, cell viability was higher in the presence of Mg-LDH and the membranes presented improved performance in comparison with the powdered samples. PEBA containing Mg-NAP sample stood out among all membranes in all the evaluated aspects, thus being considered a great candidate for application as multifunctional therapeutic dressings.

Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal patch of Methimazole

2021 ◽  
pp. 4667-4672
Author(s):  
Nani Tadhi ◽  
Himansu Chopra ◽  
Gyanendra Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Transdermal Patch ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Drug Release Study ◽  
Percent Moisture ◽  
Release Study

Transdermal patch is a drug delivery device in which the drugs are incorporated and is design in such a way that it releases the drug in sustained and at predetermined rate to deliver the drug through the skin to the systemic circulation painlessly. The aim of this research study was to formulate a controlled and sustained release transdermal matrix type patch of Methimazole. The matrix patch was prepared by solvent casting method using a various polymer in different concentration, HPMC (hydrophilic), Eudragit RL100 and Ethyl cellulose (hydrophobic) polymer. Total 9 prototype formulation were prepared and it was subjected for various evaluation test; weight uniformity, Folding endurance, thickness, Drug content, percent moisture content, percent Moisture uptake and In-vitro drug release study using Franz diffusion cell. The in-vitro CDR% data was fit into kinetics model to see the release kinetics from the patches. The Formulation F5 was choosen as a best formulation according to in-vitro drug release study. The in-vitro release was found 81.12 % in 12 hours, it followed zero order kinetics. The nature of polymer and concentration ratio of polymers plays a crucial role for obtaining a good transdermal patch design; therefore optimisation is very important step to formulate a desired TDDS. Therefore the result of the study encourages a further study and is hopeful that the present study would contribute to the recent pharmaceutical research for formulation development.

Fabrication and Release Kinetics of Liposomes Containing Leuprolide Acetate

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Sudipta Das ◽  
Arnab Samanta ◽  
Koushik Bankura ◽  
Debatri Roy ◽  
Amit Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Leuprolide Acetate ◽  
Lipid Film ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Liposomal Formulations ◽  
Kinetics Of

The present work is focused on the preparation and in vitro release kinetics of liposomal formulation of Leuprolide Acetate. In this work, “Thin Lipid Film Hydration Method” was used for preparation of Leuprolide Acetate loaded liposomes. Prepared liposomal formulations of Leuprolide acetate was evaluated by drug entrapment study, in-vitro drug release kinetics and stability studies. The percentage drug entrapment of Leuprolide acetate for F1 and F2 formulations were found to be 78.14 ± 0.67 and 66.70 ± 0.81% respectively. In-vitro drug release study of liposomal formulations had shown zero order release pattern. Regression co-efficient (R2) value of Zero order kinetics for F1 and F2 formulations were 0.9912 and 0.9676 respectively. After storing formulations for 1 month, stability testing was done at 40C.It was found that all batches were stable. These liposomal formulations of Leuprolide acetate can be formulated for parenteral application to treat prostate cancer and in women, to treat symptoms of endometriosis (overgrowth of uterine lining outside of the uterus) or uterine fibroids.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF SELECTED POLYMERS AND PLASTICIZER ON TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Bhawana Sethi ◽  
Rupa Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Content Uniformity ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Patches

Objective: The present work was aimed at preparation of transdermal patches by a solvent casting method using a varying concentration of polymers i.e. methocel (K15 and K100), ethocel (4 and 10), gelatin, chitosan, eudragit (RL and RS) grade using plasticizer (glycerin and propylene glycol).Methods: The ratio of drug to polymers and plasticizer was varied and the effect of formulation variables was studied. Prepared transdermal patches were evaluated for physicochemical properties, in-vitro permeation studies, content uniformity, primary skin irritation studies and FT-IR studies.Results: The formulated transdermal patch by using Methocel K 100 M showed good physical properties. The average weight of patches prepared using glycerin as a plasticizer were ranged from 42.33-67.00 mg and propylene glycol as a plasticizer were ranged from 40.67-67.67 mg. The percentage moisture absorption varies from 1.76 to 10.73 for patches formulated using glycerin and 2.28 to 7.97 for propylene glycol patches. The percentage moisture loss from patches prepared using glycerin was ranged from 2.75 to 11.54 and 2.87 to 12.02 from propylene glycol. The water vapour transmission rate from patches prepared using glycerin was ranged from 0.25 to 0.92 and 0.41 to 1.76. The formulated patch showed the acceptable quantity of medicament ranged from (100.20-101.05%). This result met the test content uniformity as per BP (85% to 115%). According to that, the drug was consistent throughout the patches. The formulation PGD is considered as the best formulation, since it shows a maximum in vitro drug release as 43.75 % at 24 h. The drug release kinetics studied showed that the majority of formulations was following zero order.Conclusion: In conclusion, controlled release transdermal drug delivery system patches of aliskiren can be prepared using polymer combinations, with a different plasticizer. The release rate of drug depends upon the polymer. However, release kinetics followed zero order.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Role of Polymer Blend in the Preparation of Acyclovir Controlled-Release Tablets: An Approach for Better Patient Compliance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barkat Khan ◽  
Faheem Haider ◽  
Kifayat Shah ◽  
Bushra Uzair ◽  
Kaijian Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Solubility Study ◽  
Release Data

This study was carried out to formulate and evaluate controlled release (CR) matrix tablets of Acyclovir using combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers. Acyclovir is a guanine derivative and is its half-life is short hence administered five times a day using immediate release tablets. Six formulations (F1-F6) were developed using Ethocel and Carbopol in equal combinations at drug-polymer (D:P) ratio of 10:5, 10:6, 10:7, 10:8, 10:9 and 10:10. Solubility study was performed using six different solvents. The compatibility studies were carried out using FTIR and DSC. According to USP, Quality Control and dimensional tests (hardness, friability, disintegration and thickness) were executed. In-vitro drug release studies of Acyclovir was carried out in dissolution apparatus using using 0.1 N HCl medium at constant temperature of 37 ± 0.5 ºC. In order to analyze the drug release kinetics, five different mathematical models were applied to the release data. The results showed that there was no incompatibility between drug and polymers. Physical QC tests were found within limits of USP. The release was retarded upto 24 hrs and non-fickian in-vitro drug release mechanism was found. A formulation developed using blend of polymers, showed excellent retention and desired release profiles thus providing absolute control for 24 hrs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document