scholarly journals Шошоолог: этноним и этническая история

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-289
Author(s):  
Bair Z. Nanzatov ◽  
◽  
Vladimir V. Tishin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Settlement History ◽  
Inner Asia ◽  
Ethnic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Settlement Areas ◽  
Written Sources

Introduction. This article under takes a study of the clan name Shoshoolog (Šošōlog) in the context of ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Mongolic and Turkic peoples of Inner Asia and Siberia. New historical and ethnographical data, including the evidence of ethnonymics as a part of the ethnic history of the Mongolic and Turkic peoples of the region will contribute to the knowledge of the migration and settlement history of the Shoshoolog people. The study aims at examining the etymology of the term šošōloγ, the area where it wasspread and theways of itsspread. Data and methods. The authors have taken into account written documents, ethnographical and folklore sources that contained references to the ethnonym in question. The written sources of the period between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries, mainly in Russian, such as Cossacks’ otpiski (reports), and, more recent, travel and census reports, contain various forms of the ethnonym, often incorrectly spelled but still of interest as evidence pointing at the settlement areas of the ethnic group, as well as a source for linguistic speculation. The ethnographical sources include references to the ethnic group in question based on the legends and sagas shedding light on the people’s origin and settlement patterns both in the Baikal area and in Mongolia. The folklore texts written down by N. N. Poppe, S. P. Baldaev, etc. Include the stories of the Shoshoolog as a Buryat clan with a strong Shamanic background, as well as various forms of the ethnonym. Granted the available knowledge of the historical patterns in the language evolution, the orthographical forms of the ethnonym contained in different records were used as the data for further phonetical reconstructions and localizations of the ethnonym’s phonetic shape in terms of chronological and geographical dimensions. This data, alongside other material on the ethnonymics and onomastics of Mongolic and Turkic peoples, contributes to the linguistic part of the database in the field. Conclusions. A comparative analysis of ethnonymic evidence contained in a variety of sources examined resulted in phonetic reconstructions of the ethnonym under study to finally shed new light on its etymology, as well as to project further developments of its phonetic shape.

scholarly journals Орографические объекты «Сокровенного сказания монголов» (Mongγol-un niγuča tobčiyan) в контексте исторической географии Внутренней Азии

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1349-1358
Author(s):  
Marina M. Sodnompilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Inner Asia ◽  
Geographic Space ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mongol Empire ◽  
Geographical Space ◽  
Written Sources ◽  
Secret History

Introduction. Investigation of the space once invaded and reclaimed by the Mongolic peoples is one of the pressing problems in the history of nomadic societies. Goals. The paper seeks to investigate names of positive topographic forms, analyze written sources reflecting the formation of the Mongol Empire for oronyms inherent to the medieval Mongolian language, and determine their localization. Materials and Methods. Historical geography stresses the significance of one stage in the Mongolian invasion of Inner Asia reflected in famous historical monuments, such as The Secret History of the Mongols, Compendium of Chronicles by Rashid al-Din, and Yuán Shǐ. The tasks of identifying individual objects and landforms presented in the text of The Secret History, as well as their localization in the geographical space of medieval Mongolia, were solved by the methods of phonetic reconstruction, comparative analysis of terms and historical events — through the use of 13th–14th century written sources, contemporary toponyms across the territories to have served as a historical arena for the events described. Results. The paper investigates etymologies of terms and names of orographic objects, attempts to identify the places mentioned in The Secret History within the real geographic space. Conclusions. The terminology denoting elevated landforms in The Secret History of the Mongols is distinguished by diversity and represents a very ancient stratum of vocabulary that had been formed through the abundant use of figurative words. Many terms are obsolete and do not function in modern Mongolian any more. At the same time, traces of obsolete terms are found in toponyms across territories inhabited by Mongolic peoples as such. So, the work outlines the circle of sacred orographic objects revered by the medieval Mongolian community.

The Reconstruction of Pre-Ashkenazic Jewish Settlements in the Slavic Lands in the Light of Linguistic Sources

2004 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Paul Wexler
Keyword(s):  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
The West ◽  
Settlement History ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
Jewish Settlement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses the reconstruction of the history of pre-Ashkenazic Jewish settlement patterns in the Slavic lands. It first surveys briefly the insights of historians on early Jewish settlement history in the Slavic lands, and then explores some linguistic data which raise some tantalizing questions for the historian. The examples provided constitute a small fraction of the extant materials that could attest to non-Ashkenazic Jewish settlement on the Slavic territories eventually occupied by the Ashkenazic Jews. If these examples do not prove beyond doubt the existence of Turkic or Iranian Jewries in the German- and West Slavic-speaking lands, they certainly do suggest a certain amount of cultural and linguistic impact — probably through an intermediary Judeo-Slavic community in the West and possibly East Slavic lands. The impact of Slavic Jewries on Ashkenazic Jewry has so far been speculative.

scholarly journals MEMOIRS AS A SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th – EARLY 20th CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Arslonzoda Rakhmatjon Arslonboyevich,
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Sources

The colonial period in the history of Central Asia is reflected in many written sources, including memoirs. Memoir works are diverse in their genre and content. These are travel records of Russian and foreign ambassadors and travelers who visited Central Asia, and memoirs by local authors. The article examines the memoir works of Central Asian authors of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. They are divided into groups such as autobiographies, travel records, memoirs, and oral history. On the example of specific works of specific authors, the significance of each of the above groups of memoir literature is analyzed, their significant sides and their inherent shortcomings are revealed. It is concluded that methods such as critical approach and comparative analysis allow researchers to effectively use the memoirs of local authors to study the history of the colonial period. KEYWORDS: Memoirs, autobiographies, travel records, recollections, oral history, critical approach, comparative analysis, reliability.

scholarly journals Representation Of Archeological Monuments Of Khorezm Oasis In Written Sources (6th Century Bc –10th Century Ad)

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (11) ◽  
pp. 579-584
Author(s):  
Abdirimov R. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Sources

The historical and cultural centers of the lower Amu Darya basin and its geologically connected Sarakamishbuyi and Uzboy areas and the economic activities of the population living in their micro districts in the ancient and medieval times can be described on the basis of scientific conclusions based on theoretical comparative analysis of written sources. The article considers the history of coverage of archeological monuments of Khorezm oasis in written sources.

scholarly journals Reconsiderations of Frameworks of Ethnic History: A Comparison of Metis and Ukrainian-Canadian HistoriographiesEthnic historians in Canada have tended to use ethnicity as a

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Ethnic Boundaries ◽  
Ethnic Consciousness ◽  
Ethnic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Host Nation

Ethnic historians in Canada have tended to use ethnicity as a methodological framework without defining it or questioning the origins of ethnic consciousness. Many tend to conceptualize ethnicity strictly in terms of a place of origin, despite the fact that ethnic boundaries and consciousness are often transformed in the host nation. Taking the history of Ukrainian-Canadians as an example, this article argues that definitions of ethnicity based on the national and/or racial origins of immigrants must be reconsidered. It suggests that scholars of Metis history, focusing on factors that shape ethnogenesis such as economy, gender, religion, and settlement patterns, provide certain theoretical insights useful for ethnic historians. Yet the categorical division between ethnic and Native histories has hitherto hindered communication between these fields.

scholarly journals Bayïrqu and Barγu: Deconstructing One Myth

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-189
Author(s):  
Bair Z. Nanzatov ◽  
◽  
Vladimir V. Tishin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Verbal Noun ◽  
Ethnic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Sources

In academic and unspecialized literature related to the ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Buryats, the two ethnonyms Bayïrqu ~ Bayarqu, known in the Old Turkic period, and Barγu ~ Barqu, first recorded in the early 13th century, have been commonly regarded as corresponding forms, phonetically or, at least, semantically. This position fit well into the ideas about the ethnic continuity in the history of the population of the Baikal region at different stages. Once hypothetically suggested, this point of view established itself in historiography. But although accepted by many authors, this position has never been subjected to verification or philological criticism. The article aims to reconsider and dispel this misconception. The authors give philological evidence to prove that treating the ethnonyms Bayïrqu ~ Bayarqu and Barγu ~ Barqu as phonetic forms of one word at different historical stages is completely ungrounded. Specifically, the study shows that there are no phonetic rules, known at least for Altaic languages, to argue the transformation of forms Bayïrqu and Bayarqu, attested in written sources of the 8th–10th centuries, to Barγu known since the 13th century. The authors also consider different versions of the etymology of each of these ethnonyms, based on the materials of the Turkic and Mongolic languages. The name Bayïrqu ~ Bayarqu must be derived from the stem bay+u- ~ bay+ï- ‘to be or become rich’ and is likely a verbal noun with the meaning ‘enrich (Acc.)’. Contrary, the ethnonym barγu is attested among Mongolic peoples and displays parallels in the ethnonymy of the Turkic peoples in the forms of Barγï, Barqï. It can be either a Turkic borrowing or an original Mongolic formation, in both cases representing a verbal noun from the stem bar-.

scholarly journals Byzantine Complex of the First Half of the 13th Century in the Port of Sugdea

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Vadim Maiko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Key Words ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
House Building ◽  
Written Sources

Introduction. Studying the material culture of provincial-Byzantine cities of the Eastern Taurica on the eve of their capture by the Golden Horde troops in the second quarter of the 13th century is one of the current problems of the Byzantine archaeology of the peninsula. The purpose of the work is to clarify the features of the methods of house-building, basic elements of ceramic complexes, other components of the material culture of Sugdea objects. The archaeological context and dating of the complex allowing connecting them with the events in the history of the city known on written sources are essentially important. Methods. The method of the detailed comparative analysis of all components of the published archaeological complex is the basis for the work. The author draws the conclusion about the features of the provincial-Byzantine culture of the East Crimea during the considered period on the basis of the comparison to other synchronous complexes of Sugdea. Analysis. The researcher considers all elements of the specific archaeological complex including, first of all, methods of house-building, the stratigraphy situation, the structure of ceramics and individual finds. Results. As a result of the detailed consideration of all elements of the published complex and the comparative analysis it is possible to draw the conclusion that the material culture of this city is one of the versions of the provincial-Byzantine culture of the peninsula of the first half of the 13th century. It is formed in the early 13th century and stops the existence already in the second quarter of this century. Key words: port of Sugdea, first half of the 13th century, provincial-Byzantine culture, stratigraphy, chronology.

scholarly journals BURYAT-YAKUT ETHNIC TIES: SALJIUT, QAŊGIN, SARTUL, ÖLÖD

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Баир Зориктоевич Нанзатов
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Inner Asia ◽  
Administrative Management ◽  
Ethnic History ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mongol Empire

Данная статья продолжает исследования этнической истории и этнических процессов, происходивших в пространстве Внутренней Азии. Комплексный сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ этнического состава тюркских и монгольских народов Сибири, с привлечением источников российского административного управления позволили подробно проанализировать родоплеменную структуру якутской и бурятской общностей. Исследование массива якутских и бурятских этнонимов позволили выделить четыре этнонима, на примере которых хорошо прослеживаются разностадиальные этнические связи Байкальского и Ленского регионов. Этнонимы отражают участие бурятского пласта в этногенезе якутов, на что указывает бурятская форма словообразования. В то же время через призму бурятского пласта в этногенезе якутов просматриваются более ранние связи предков якутов с населением Саянско-Хубсугульского региона — в монгольское время (салжиут). Выявленные в якутской среде этнонимы обнаруживают также и связи с ойратами. Лингвистическая реконструкция якутских этнонимов позволила установить участие в этногенезе якутов средневековых ойратской общности — өлөт. Косвенно выявляются также связи с другими регионами Монгольской империи — отражением этих средневековых связей, на наш взгляд, является присутствие в среде бурят этнонимов хангин и сартул, относительно которых предполагается, что это омонголенные кыпчаки и жители Средней Азии, влившиеся в ранне-бурятскую общность. Результаты исследования отражают сложность этнических процессов протекавших в среде монгольских и тюркских кочевников Евразии. Полученные данные способствуют уточнению этнического состава населения как Монголии, так и Бурятии и Якутии. This article continues the study of ethnic history and ethnic processes that took place in the space of Inner Asia. A comprehensive comparative analysis of the ethnic composition of the Turkic and Mongoliс peoples of Siberia, using sources of Russian administrative management, made it possible to analyze in detail the tribal structure of the Yakut and Buryat communities. The study of array of Yakut and Buryat ethnonyms made it possible to distinguish four ethnonyms, on the example of which one can clearly trace the difference between ethnic groups in the Baikal and Lensky regions. Ethnonyms reflect the participation of the Buryat stratum in the ethnogenesis of the Yakuts, as indicated by the Buryat form of word formation. At the same time, through the prism of the Buryat stratum in the ethnogenesis of the Yakuts, one can see earlier ties of the ancestors of the Yakuts with the population of the Sayan-Khubsugul region — in Mongolian time (salji'ut). Ethnonyms revealed in the Yakut environment also reveal ties with Oirats. The linguistic reconstruction of the Yakut ethnonyms made it possible to establish the participation in the ethnogenesis of the Yakuts medieval Oirat community — ölöt. Relations with other regions of the Mongol Empire are also indirectly revealed — a reflection of these medieval ties, in our opinion, is the presence in the environment of the Buryats of the ethnonym Qangin and Sartul, which is assumed that they are homogenous Kipchaks and population of Central Asia, who merged into the Early Buryat community. The results of the study reflect the complexity of the ethnic processes that took place among the Mongolian and Turkic nomads of Eurasia. The data obtained help to clarify the ethnic composition of the population of both Mongolia and Buryatia and Yakutia.

scholarly journals Historization and Mythologization of Characters in Buryat Traditions (Image of Balzhan)

2020 ◽  
pp. 262-274
Author(s):  
B. B. Tsybikova ◽  
L. S. Dampilova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Main Character ◽  
The Real ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oral Stories

In a comparative aspect, historical and mythological components in the main oral and written versions of stories about a woman who was the main character in the oral traditions and chronicles of the Khori-Buryats are considered. The novelty of the study is in the identification of the historical cognitive part of the traditions in the context of real events concerning the image of Balzhan. The results of a comparative analysis of different versions of written texts and oral stories to identify mythological sacred additions and transform the real story are presented. The relevance of the study is due to a comparative analysis of the main versions of tradition in an interdisciplinary aspect, which led to the conclusion that the storyline of the novels about Balzhan in the vast majority of cases develops exclusively in the context of describing the history of the formation and development of the ethnic group of the Khorinsky Buryats in the period from the 17th century. It is proved that in written versions the main oral plot outline is preserved with the strengthening of historical components, in some cases the entire mythological part is removed to create the image of a plausible historical hero. The authors note that the mythological nomadic insets in the legends go back to oral traditions, having the functions of sacralizing and heroizing the tragic fate of the non-standard woman who determined the fate of the tribe.

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