scholarly journals Новые результаты в генеалогической классификации тюркских диалектов («случаи с аффрикатами»)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 696-713
Author(s):  
Anna V. Dybo ◽  
◽  
Lidia F. Abubakirova ◽  
Zukhra K. Aibazova ◽  
Oleg R. Hisamov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Secondary Development ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Linguistic History ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Specific Affinity ◽  
Convergence Problems ◽  
Different Order ◽  
The Continuum

Introduction. As is well known, the three Turkic dialectal continua — Tatar-Bashkir, Shor-Khakass-Chulym, and Karachay-Balkar ones — have developed quite distinctive reflexes of proto-Turkic palatal *j- and *č-, *-č(-). While compiling the Dialectological Atlas of Russia’s Turkic Languages, the authors were able to compose exact isoglosses of *j- and *č change in members of the mentioned continua, which made it also possible to partially reevaluate genetic clusterization on the basis of this data. Materials and Methods. Apart from the available publications and archival sources on the three areas in question, the analysis is based on the authors’ extensive field work that involves the use of a set of lexical questionnaires compiled in accordance with known aspects of the Turkic linguistic history. The source recordings for every speaker were turned into idiolectal audio-dictionaries and are linked to an electronic etymological database of the Turkic languages, each elicitation analyzed both with the comprehension method and the software for experimental phonetics. Results. As it turns out, this methodology of field work and post-analysis provides information crucial for detailed linguistic clusterization of dialectal continua in particular and any dialectal system in general. Traditionally, subtle problems of divergence and convergence, problems of archaic and innovative phenomena receive their solutions. The results are as follows. Palatal *j- and *č in the languages of the Khakass-Shor-Chulym group have changed by a strict series of rules none of which could be simultaneous, nor could follow each other in a different order. Thus, the two Middle Chulym dialects — Melet and Tutal ones — prove to lack an immediate linguistic ancestor, the Tutal ‘dialect’ is an archaic version of Mrassu Shor, while Melet is closely related to Kyzyl Khakass. Reflexes of *j- and *č are also principal isoglosses for a previously undocumented Khakass dialect, which does not have any specific affinity with Saghai, Kyzyl and Kachin dialects. Areal analysis of KarachayBalkar shows that dz < proto-Turkic *j- is a secondary development, while, on the other hand, it is finally proven that reflexes *j- > dz~dʑ and *j- > ʑ~z form a more significant isogloss. And for the Tatar-Bashkir dialectal continuum, there were identified three main types of proto-Turkic *jreflexation; a chronology for these three types intermixing during the early period of the continuum is also proposed.

A Bayesian approach to the classification of the Turkic languages

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Alexander Savelyev
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Independent Verification ◽  
Linguistic History ◽  
The Family ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
The Common ◽  
Widespread View

Despite more than 150 years of research, the internal structure of the Turkic language family remains a controversial issue. In this study, the Bayesian phylogenetic approach is employed in order to provide an independent verification of the contemporary views on Turkic linguistic history. The data underlying the study are Turkic basic vocabularies, which are resistant to replacement and likely to reflect the genealogical relationships among the Turkic languages. The method tested in the chapter is based on the strict clock model of evolution, which assumes that relevant changes occur at the same rate at every branch of the family. This study supports the widespread view that the binary split between Bulgharic and Common Turkic was the earliest split in the Turkic family. The model further replicates most of the conventional subgroups within the Common Turkic branch. Based on a Bayesian analysis, the time depth of Proto-Turkic is estimated to be around 2,119 years BP, which is in accordance with the traditional estimates of 2,000–2,500 years BP.

scholarly journals Water quality and fish diversity of Chengi river of Khagrachari district

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-353
Author(s):  
Gulshan Ara Latifa ◽  
Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder ◽  
Md Humayun Kabir ◽  
Arnab Chakma
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Sampling Station ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Extensive Field

Chengi a major river of Khagrachari district is getting polluted day by day due to unplanned river management. Both primary and secondary data have been used to conduct this work. Primary data have been collected through extensive field work, questionnaire and sample collection. Water samples have been collected from three sampling station, namely Ganjapara, Chengi Bridge and Rubber factory sites. Water temperature is higher at different sampling stations in the study site than Bangladesh standards (25°C) due to the direct hit of the sun. The maximum DO value is 5.8 mg/l at the sampling station one and the minimum is 5.3 mg/l at station three. So, it concluded that the DO value of the Chengi river is comparatively lower than the Bangladesh Standards. The water Temperature and pH is higher than the Bangladesh standards and the value of other parameters are very lower than the Bangladesh standards. In fish diversity, 10 families belonging to 6 orders were recorded and identified by the fin formula. The order Cypriniformes occupied 40%, the order Perciformes which occupies 25% and the order Beloniformes, Siluriformes, Cyprinodontiformes occupied 10% and Mollusks and other invertebrates occupied 25%, respectively in all cases. This work provides a complete picture of the water quality and also the fish diversity of the Chengi River. It will be helpful for water resource management and planning. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 343-353, 2019

Technical and Vocational Education in Kuwait

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Salah Al-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
To Come ◽  
College Of Business ◽  
Applied Education ◽  
And Training ◽  
General Director

This paper is based on a study designed to evaluate industry's perception of the standard of graduates from Kuwait's Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAE&T). The College of Technological Studies, the College of Business Studies, and the Electricity and Water Training Centre were selected as representative institutions of the PAAE&T. The oil sector, the Ministry of Electricity and Water, and local commercial and industrial banks were chosen as representative of the recipients of PAAE&T graduates. The study was based on extensive field work which encompassed a review of related literature, questionnaires and personal interviews with the General Director of the PAAE&T, selected deans, heads of departments, heads of industrial placement, lecturers, and final-year students. In addition, to evaluate the industrial perspective, questionnaires and personal interviews with key figures in industry, as well as with PAAE&T graduates and their direct supervisors, were conducted. The paper argues that unless the PAAE&T recognizes the value of building strong links with industry, its contribution in tackling the shortage of skilled and semi-skilled Kuwaiti manpower will be below expectations, thus increasing dependence on expatriate workers for years to come.

scholarly journals Field work in central west Disko, 1979

1980 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
A.K Pedersen ◽  
F Ulff-Møller
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The West ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Geological Map

Field work in the summer 1979 was concentrated in the area between 69°45'N and 70°00'N from the west coast into central Disko (fig. 15). Transport facilities were provided by the GGU cutter J. F. Johnstrup and by a helicopter. Two field teams led by A.K.P. and F.U.-M. completed extensive field investigations which together with work reported by Pedersen (1977) and Ulff-Møller (1979) will enable a final photogrammetric compilation af the geological map sheet 69 V. 1 N to be made. A.K.P. studied the Vaigat Formation and the Nordfjord and Niaqussat members of the Maligât Formation. F.U.-M. studied the Rinks Dal member of the Maligât Formation and dyke intrusions with native iran bearing rocks contaminated by sediment.

A review of Sedum section Gormania (Crassulaceae) in western North America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 368 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER F. ZIKA ◽  
BARBARA L. WILSON ◽  
RICHARD E. BRAINERD ◽  
NICK OTTING ◽  
STEVEN DARINGTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Field Work ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
Floral Characters

Sedum section Gormania was restricted to Oregon, Nevada and California in the western United States. After extensive field work from 2011 to 2016, we revised 17 members of the group using floral and vegetative characters, resulting in the acceptance of four new taxa in California. A serpentine endemic from the mountains of western Tehama County was recognized as S. rubiginosum. It was separated from S. kiersteadiae by its dense rosettes, overlapping stem leaves and non-apiculate corolla. A serpentine endemic from low elevation canyons in Del Norte County was described as S. patens. It was distinguished from S. laxum by its white spreading petals and yellow anthers. A plant of high elevation, serpentine and non-serpentine sites in Siskiyou County was circumscribed as S. marmorense; it differed from S. oregonense in its sepals and inflorescence with a thick granular waxy deposit, and leaves in dense rosettes. Sedum paradisum was segregated from S. obtusatum, raised to species level, and divided into two subspecies. Plants of the northern Sierra Nevada were newly defined as S. paradisum subsp. subroseum, separable with nodding young flowering shoots and a disjunct range in Butte, Plumas and Sierra counties. Sedum flavidum and Sedum eastwoodiae were removed from S. laxum sensu stricto, and raised to species rank, based on floral characters. We clarified the concept of S. obtusatum subsp. retusum, and restored it to the rank of species as S. sanhedrinum; it was restricted to Glenn, Lake, Mendocino, and Tehama counties, California. Sedum flavidum and S. oregonense as defined here showed more morphological variation than previously understood. Finally, we remarked on hybridization and cleistogamy observed in the field.

scholarly journals How successful is the Industrial Institutes, Kuwait, in reducing dependence on expatriates?

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 78-102
Author(s):  
Salah Al-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Strong Linkage ◽  
Skilled Manpower ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Technical And Vocational Education ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Government

Nowadays, no one can deny the role played by technical and vocational education in reducing the rate of youth unemployment, low rate of poverty, high wages, and livelihood for workers, particularly younger workers. Technical and vocational education is a dual type of educational system that permit students to acquire the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes mostly needed by industries and business. The quality of technical and vocational educations would facilitate the transformation of students from classrooms, workshops, and laboratories into real work environment. The success of technical and vocational education in achieving the its objectives would depend on the quality of management in forging a strong linkage with industries and business. The concept of working in a “black box” would not apply in technical and vocational education since industries and business are the main contributors in shaping students’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Kuwait, as one of the gulf states, the shortage of indigenous skilled and semi-skilled manpower in noted in essential sectors of the economy (e.g., electricity and water and the oil sector). Key figures have appreciated the significant role of technical and vocational institutions in providing essential sectors of the economy with the skilled and semi-skilled national manpower in order to reduce, to great extent, the dependence on expatriates. The Sabah Al-Salem Industrial Institute, SSII, and Shuwaikh Industrial Institute, SII, was forged between 1992-1993, by the Kuwaiti Government with the aim to equipped local manpower with the know-how and know-why that are applied in local industries and business. The research is focus on measuring the perception of a sample of heads of supervisors at the Ministry of Electricity and Water and at the oil sector towards the quality of the graduates from the Sabah Al-Salem Industrial Institute, SSII, and Shuwaikh Industrial Institute, SII. The research is based on extensive field work that encompasses a review of the related literature, interviews with a sample of heads of supervisors at the Ministry of Electricity and Water and at the oil sector to assess the quality of SSII & SII, graduates. Finally, the research will argue that unless the Sabah Al-Salem Industrial Institute, SSII, and the Shuwaikh Industrial Institute, SII, recognize and appreciate the value of building a strong linkage with local industries, its contribution in tackling the shortage of skilled and semi-skilled indigenous in essential sectors on the economy will be below the government expectations, thus continuing relaying on expatriates for years ahead.  

scholarly journals OPPORTUNITIES FOR MACHINE LEARNING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN NATIONAL MAPPING AGENCIES: ENHANCING ORDNANCE SURVEY WORKFLOW

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B5-2020 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
J. Murray ◽  
I. Sargent ◽  
D. Holland ◽  
A. Gardiner ◽  
K. Dionysopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
Extensive Field

Abstract. National Mapping agencies (NMA) are frequently tasked with providing highly accurate geospatial data for a range of customers. Traditionally, this challenge has been met by combining the collection of remote sensing data with extensive field work, and the manual interpretation and processing of the combined data. Consequently, this task is a significant logistical undertaking which benefits the production of high quality output, but which is extremely expensive to deliver. Therefore, novel approaches that can automate feature extraction and classification from remotely sensed data, are of great potential interest to NMAs across the entire sector. Using research undertaken at Great Britain’s NMA; Ordnance Survey (OS) as an example, this paper provides an overview of the recent advances at an NMA in the use of artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) based applications. Examples of these approaches are in automating the process of feature extraction and classification from remotely sensed aerial imagery. In addition, recent OS research in applying deep (convolutional) neural network architectures to image classification are also described. This overview is intended to be useful to other NMAs who may be considering the adoption of similar approaches within their workflows.

scholarly journals Sustainable Accessibility: A Mobile App for Helping People with Disabilities to Search Accessible Shops

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Mayordomo-Martínez ◽  
Juan Carrillo-de-Gea ◽  
Ginés García-Mateos ◽  
José García-Berná ◽  
José Fernández-Alemán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Software Process ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Motor Disabilities ◽  
Universal Accessibility ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
The City

People with motor disabilities must face many barriers and obstacles in their daily lives, making it difficult to perform everyday tasks. The purpose of this work is to improve their living conditions by providing an app with accessibility information in an updated, reliable and friendly form. The development of the system integrates national and regional accessibility regulations, architectural aspects, with an extensive field work, and a sustainable software process. The levels of accessibility and the requirements of the application are defined in the first phases of the project. The field work included the evaluation of 357 commercial establishments in the city of Murcia, Spain, showing that only 25% have a good accessibility, 40% are practicable with help, and 35% are inaccessible shops. The proposed system achieves its objectives of being sustainable and helping in the accessibility. Besides, the system can be a great incentive for businesses to improve their accessibility conditions. In conclusion, new technologies must have a much more active role in the promotion of universal accessibility. These tools must also consider the necessary requirements of sustainable development.

New and noteworthy records of Rodentia (Erethizontidae, Sciuridae, and Cricetidae) from Paraguay

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1784 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUILLERMO D’ELÍA ◽  
ISMAEL MORA ◽  
PHIL MYERS ◽  
ROBERT D. OWEN
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Oriental Region ◽  
Mammal Fauna ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
The Family

Extensive field work conducted in Paraguay since 1995 allowed us to present the first records for this country of the family Sciuridae (Sciurus urucumus), the genus Bibimys (B. chacoensis), and the species Akodon paranaensis, in addition to the first formal mention of Oxymycterus misionalis, and noteworthy records of Cerradomys maracajuensis, Pseudoryzomys simplex, and Sphiggurus spinosus. These records demonstrate that the mammal fauna of the Paraguayan Oriental Region is more similar in species richness and composition to that of adjacent regions of Argentina and Brazil than previously realized.

scholarly journals TOXINS AND ANTITOXINS OF BACILLUS DYSENTERIÆ SHIGA

1920 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. Olitsky ◽  
I. J. Kligler
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Bacillary Dysentery ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
Typical Action ◽  
Specific Affinity ◽  
Serum Therapy ◽  
Perivascular Infiltration

With the methods which have been described we have separated an exotoxin and an endotoxin from cultures of the Shiga dysenteric bacillus. The study of the nature and effect of the poison of this microorganism is thus simplified. The two toxins are physically and biologically distinct. The exotoxin is relatively heat-labile, arises in the early period of growth, and yields an antiexotoxic immune serum. The endotoxin, on the other hand, is heat-stable, is formed in the later period of growth, and is not neutralized by the antiexotoxic serum. The exotoxin exhibits a specific affinity for the central nervous organs in the rabbit, giving rise to a characteristic lesion—mainly, hemorrhages, necroses, and possibly a perivascular infiltration in the gray matter of the upper spinal cord and medulla. The endotoxin exerts a typical action on the intestinal tract, producing edema, hemorrhages, necroses, and ulcerations, especially in the large intestine. In dysentery in man the intestinal lesions predominate, but in severe epidemics paralysis and neuritis have been observed (Osler17). These facts become specially significant from the standpoint of the serum therapy of bacillary dysentery. A potent antidysenteric serum should contain antibodies against the exotoxin as well as the endotoxin. That such a serum can be produced in horses has been experimentally demonstrated.

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