Cooling Down or Charging Up?

This chapter argues that the selection of, and engagement with, aggressive entertainment contents can be an emotion regulation strategy, or a way of influencing the nature, expression and intensity of an experienced emotion. It explains this in the context of two, often experienced, negative emotions that have been linked to aggression in the general emotion literature: anger and boredom. By first defining these two emotions and describing their typical action tendencies, it aims to show how the engagement with aggressive media content can be a way of regulating these emotions, sometimes in functional but also in dysfunctional ways. It thereby extends the scope from passively watching aggressive entertainment contents to actively participating and enjoying aggressive acts in the online environment (e.g., online bashing, trolling and cyberbullying).

Home and Hell

The aim of this article is to examine the representation of female masculinity in genre literature. Reading female masculinity as queer embodiment, I put two science fictional texts driven by a typical action narrative in dialogue with earlier research on representations of female masculinity in literature and popular culture to demonstrate the importance of bringing the genre of the text into the analysis when examining female masculinity. In the article, I use the connection between female masculinity and tragedy as my starting point to exemplify how the genre of a text shapes the depiction and reading of female masculinity. In the action-driven science fiction texts I study, this link is very much present, but tragedy is given another role to play. Instead of being an element in the constitution of gender non-conforming as an unlivable experience, the representation of these masculine female heroes as oriented away from heteronormative constructions of a good life (Ahmed 2006) makes possible the depiction of these women as masculine, as well as the glorification of their gender non-conformity within the framework of the action-based SF narrative.

FEATURES OF AESTHETIC SIGNS IN KOREAN ZODIAC-RELATED COMPARATIVE PROVERBS

Aesthetic signs in Korean comparative proverbs having the structure t like B with t being a verb refer to aesthetic material, which are the 12 animals in Oriental Zodiac and their typical action. The verbs expressing t in aesthetic signs include human actions and actions/movements of the Zodiac animals. Aesthetic signs with t being monovalent verbs (or those which do not require an object) include verbs of movements (e.g. go, walk, chase, jump), non-movement (e.g. sit, stick, shake, gather) and verbs of sound (e.g. talk, scream, yell, call). Aesthetic signs with t being bivalent verbs (or those requiring an object) include verbs denoting human basic daily activities (e.g. look, eat/drink, hit/throw, copy). Proverbs are expressed in very lively and clear manner, reflecting how Korean people think, feel and treat the world around in general and the Zodiac animals in particular.

Developing a New Process of Ensuring the Quality of Data Captured in Digital Images

It is a typical action for scientists in materials science, the consistent utilization of examined pictures produced by electron magnifying lens. While basically all hardware that produce these pictures (micrographs) can utilize a record type generally appropriate for catching picture information created (as TIFF or RAW documents if there should be an occurrence of metallography), numerous analysts decide to utilize a record design more normal as JPEG, for instance, maybe the explanation of the space accessible on compact stockpiling gadgets (USB, CD or DVD) that claims, or by the absence of information about the sorts of picture documents and their fitting use. The issue with the utilization of specific kinds of picture designs is predominantly the loss of the first information caught by an electron magnifying lens. As though that were insufficient, the use of channels and cycles in the first picture should likewise be deliberately created so as not to lose or change information caught or information pertinent to the examination. This article looks to feature the treatment of pictures in examination and distributions done by analysts with no information on this issue, since the utilization of filtered pictures is just an asset to proceed with the advancement of their own exploration. Moreover, this article means to advance a conversation on the most proficient method to treat the issue of computerized pictures distributed in logical papers so investigates can truly be duplicated in full.

Parentheticalism and Action Explanation

This chapter discusses the nature of action explanation. Against so-called psychologist accounts, it is argued that the reasons cited as explanantia are usually not mental states but worldly states of affairs. Against so-called Anti-Psychologist accounts (such as Dancy’s), it is argued that the factivity of such explanations is not easily cancelled, and that verbs like “believe” and “want” are not mere devices for cancelling factive implicatures (even though there can be ellipsis). In fact, it is argued that simply citing the relevant worldly reasons leaves out an important part of typical action explanations. The correct view is given by parentheticalism: We must explain actions by citing worldly reasons from subjective points of view.

Cognitive and geographic constraints on morphosyntactic variation

In this paper, I examine whether the variation patterns of haber pluralization (e.g., hubo/hubieron fiestas ‘there was/were parties’) in Peninsular Spanish corroborate the hypothesis elaborated in earlier work that the phenomenon constitutes a competition between two variants of the presentational construction with haber that is constrained by domain-general cognitive constraints on spreading activation. In addition, this paper examines whether haber pluralization is incrementing in frequency in particular Peninsular regions and whether or not the phenomenon is spreading geographically. To meet these objectives, I analyze a dataset of more than 7,500 cases of haber + plural NP, which were culled from two publicly available data sources: the Corpus Oral y Sonoro del Español Rural (which represents only rural speakers born before the 1940s; Fernández-Ordóñez 2005-) and Twitter (which represents mainly young and middle-aged speakers). The results of a mixed-effects logistic regression analysis that tests the effects of tense, the absence/presence of negation, typical action-chain position of the noun, the regional origin of the examples, and the data sources support the competition hypothesis. This model also supports that pluralized haber is spreading westward from its epicenters (Valencia, Barcelona, and Murcia), while also incrementing in frequency in northern, eastern and southern Spain. However, its frequency appears to be declining in central Spain. A geographically more detailed, but similar picture is obtained with three generalized additive mixed models that test the effects of geography on the total dataset as well as on each of the two subcorpora.

Typical action perception and interpretation without motor simulation

Every day, we interact with people synchronously, immediately understand what they are doing, and easily infer their mental state and the likely outcome of their actions from their kinematics. According to various motor simulation theories of perception, such efficient perceptual processing of others’ actions cannot be achieved by visual analysis of the movements alone but requires a process of motor simulation—an unconscious, covert imitation of the observed movements. According to this hypothesis, individuals incapable of simulating observed movements in their motor system should have difficulty perceiving and interpreting observed actions. Contrary to this prediction, we found across eight sensitive experiments that individuals born with absent or severely shortened upper limbs (upper limb dysplasia), despite some variability, could perceive, anticipate, predict, comprehend, and memorize upper limb actions, which they cannot simulate, as efficiently as typically developed participants. We also found that, like the typically developed participants, the dysplasic participants systematically perceived the position of moving upper limbs slightly ahead of their real position but only when the anticipated position was not biomechanically awkward. Such anticipatory bias and its modulation by implicit knowledge of the body biomechanical constraints were previously considered as indexes of the crucial role of motor simulation in action perception. Our findings undermine this assumption and the theories that place the locus of action perception and comprehension in the motor system and invite a shift in the focus of future research to the question of how the visuo-perceptual system represents and processes observed body movements and actions.

Sociolingüística comparada y gramática de construcciones

In this article, we investigate the pluralization of presentational haber (e.g., Habían fiestas. ‘There were parties.’) in the Spanish of Havana, Santo Domingo, and San Juan. Drawing on Goldberg’s (1995) Cognitive Construction Grammar, we claim that the phenomenon consists in a language change from below: the pluralized variant of the presentational haber construction (<AdvP haber Subject>) is replacing the impersonal variant (<AdvP haber Object>). Using a mixed-effects regression analysis, we show that speakers of the Caribbean dialects pluralize the verb in 41–46% of the cases. The linguistic factors that were investigated in this study (typical action-chain position of the noun’s referent, clause polarity, verb tense, comprehension-to-production priming and production-to-production priming) argue in favor of considering the variation an argument-structure alternation. The comparative sociolinguistic analyses reveal that these factors have the same effects and relative strengths in the three communities. For the three communities, the results for gender and social class support that the phenomenon constitutes an advanced language change from below.

A Cognitive Construction Grammar approach to the pluralization of presentational haber in Puerto Rican Spanish

In this paper, I present an analysis of the pluralization of haber ‘there is/are’ in Puerto Rican Spanish (e.g., habían fiestas ‘there were parties’) as an ongoing language change from below in which the impersonal argument-structure construction (<AdvPhaberObj>) is being replaced by a personal variant (<AdvPhaberSubj>). Speakers pluralize presentational haber in about 41% of the cases, and linguistic conditioning factors are ‘typical action chain-position of the noun's referent,’ polarity of the clause, verb tense, comprehension-to-production priming, and production-to-production priming. I argue that the effect of these independent variables can be traced back to three cognitive factors: the preference for unmarked coding, statistical preemption, and structural priming. Social distributions can also be modeled in constructionist frameworks, with results for social class, formality, and gender advocating in favor of considering this variation as an ongoing change from below, which allows speakers to position themselves in terms of gender and social class.

Strategy and Tactics in Common Renovation of Ordinary Existing Housing

This paper extends its field of research to renovation of ordinary existing housing, the greatest characteristic of which is little personality and few styles. Distinguishing from landmark building, renovation of ordinary existing building fabric calls for highly specific approaches in planning, construction, and implementation. We, the architects develop renovation ideas and principles applied to ordinary existing housing offering our view of advocating stage renovation and knowing the real demand of the end user. Based on this view, we have chosen one typical action to discuss the efficient strategy and tactics, that cover the key areas of revitalizing community space with a focus on territoriality and sharing, improving housing function and aesthetic transformation which mainly address the integrity of facade remodeling and function upgrade, two-scale design and detail show, and adopting appropriate technology with particular emphasis on economic cost and user comfort conditions. The exploration on strategy and tactics in common renovation of ordinary existing housing aims to present references and experiences to urban residential sustainable development from both the theoretical and practical fields.