scholarly journals Circular RNA: biogenesis, degradation, functions and potential roles in mediating resistance to anticarcinogens

Epigenomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuchao Geng ◽  
Youchao Jia ◽  
Yuhao Zhang ◽  
Liang Shi ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cancer Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Rna Biogenesis ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

Aim: This review aims to systematically describe the biogenesis and degradation of circular RNAs (circRNAs), discusses the major functions of circRNAs, introduces the mechanisms by which circRNAs play a role in cancer, comprehensively summarize the relationship between circRNAs and anticarcinogen resistance as well as underlying specific mechanisms in multiple cancers. Materials & methods: We screened and analyzed large quantity of scientific papers which associated with circRNAs, noncoding RNAs, function, cancer, drug resistance and chemoresistance, and then summarized in Figures 1 & 2 & Table 1. Results & conclusion: The biogenesis, degradation and function of circRNAs are specially compared with other noncoding RNAs, it can affect cancer pathogenesis and progression and are implicated in mediating resistance to various anticarcinogens in various types of cancer.

scholarly journals Cancer-related circular RNA: diverse biological functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Cheng ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Zigang Dong ◽  
Xiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

AbstractNoncoding RNAs, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are involved in regulating biological functions. In recent decades, miRNAs and lncRNAs have both inspired a wave of research, but the study of circRNA functions is still in its infancy. Studies have found that circRNAs actively participate in the occurrence and development of various diseases, which emphasizes the importance of circRNAs. Here, we review the features and classification of circRNAs and summarize their functions. Then, we briefly describe how to analyze circRNAs by bioinformatics procedures. In addition, the relationship between circRNAs and cancers is discussed with an emphasis on proving whether circRNAs can be potential biomarkers for the prognosis and diagnosis of cancer.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Characterizing Long Noncoding RNAs in Cancer Drug Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (26) ◽  
pp. 6693-6702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyuan Zhao ◽  
Bin Shan ◽  
Dan He ◽  
Yuanda Cheng ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Cancer Drug Resistance

scholarly journals Correlation of Circular RNA hsa_circ_0001946, hsa_circ_0125589, and Environmental Factors With Hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1047-1047
Author(s):  
Wan-yue Liu ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Shu-na Huang ◽  
Yu-zhen Lin ◽  
Hong-yan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background To investigate the main environmental factors of hypertension and the relationship between hypertension and circular RNAs in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Methods This was a case–control study. A total of 681 hypertension patients and 485 subjects without hypertension were recruited between April 2017 and October 2018. All participations completed the questionnaire investigation, physical examination, and laboratory detection. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze circRNAs (hsa_circ_0001946 and hsa_circ_0125589) in peripheral blood leukocytes in 84 hypertensives and 84 controls. Multivariate logistic regression and crossover analysis were used to analyze the interaction and association between environmental factors and circRNAs in hypertension. Results After adjusted by gender, age and marital status, overweight/obesity (odds ratio (OR) = 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–2.22), abdominal obesity (OR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.54–3.04), anxiety (OR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.41–3.28), family history of hypertension (OR = 4.26, 95% CI 3.18–5.70), and higher levels of hsa_circ_0001946 (OR = 4.13, 95% CI 1.85–9.21) were risk factors for hypertension, while levels of hsa_circ_0125589 were not associated with hypertension. Crossover analysis showed that the risk of hypertension was 13.12 times higher (95% CI 3.89–44.23) in overweight subjects with high hsa_circ_0001946 levels compared with normal weight subjects with low hsa_circ_0001946 levels. Further, the risk of hypertension was 17.78 times higher (95% CI 1.88–168.61) in subjects with anxiety and high hsa_circ_0001946 levels. Conclusions Hypertension is the result of both environmental factors and genetic factors. Higher hsa_circ_0001946 levels, overweight and anxiety may increase the risk of hypertension, while hsa_circ_0125589 levels are not related to hypertension.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Gammaherpesvirus Circular RNA Repertoires: Conserved and Unique Viral Circular RNAs

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan A. Ungerleider ◽  
Vaibhav Jain ◽  
Yiping Wang ◽  
Nicholas J. Maness ◽  
Robert V. Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Origin Of Replication ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Virus Biology

ABSTRACTRecent studies have identified circular RNAs (circRNAs) expressed from the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) human DNA tumor viruses. To gain initial insights into the potential relevance of EBV circRNAs in virus biology and disease, we assessed the circRNAome of the interspecies homologue rhesus macaque lymphocryptovirus (rLCV) in a naturally occurring lymphoma from a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaque. This analysis revealed rLCV orthologues of the latency-associated EBV circular RNAs circRPMS1_E4_E3a and circEBNA_U. Also identified in two samples displaying unusually high lytic gene expression was a novel rLCV circRNA that contains both conserved and rLCV-specific RPMS1 exons and whose backsplice junctions flank an rLCV lytic origin of replication (OriLyt). Analysis of a lytic infection model for the murid herpesvirus 68 (MHV68) rhadinovirus identified a cluster of circRNAs near an MHV68 lytic origin of replication, with the most abundant of these, circM11_ORF69, spanning the OriLyt. Lastly, analysis of KSHV latency and reactivation models revealed the latency associated circRNA originating from the vIRF4 gene as the predominant viral circRNA. Together, the results of this study broaden our appreciation for circRNA repertoires in theLymphocryptovirusandRhadinovirusgenera of gammaherpesviruses and provide evolutionary support for viral circRNA functions in latency and viral replication.IMPORTANCEInfection with oncogenic gammaherpesviruses leads to long-term viral persistence through a dynamic interplay between the virus and the host immune system. Critical for remodeling of the host cell environment after the immune responses are viral noncoding RNAs that modulate host signaling pathways without attracting adaptive immune recognition. Despite the importance of noncoding RNAs in persistent infection, the circRNA class of noncoding RNAs has only recently been identified in gammaherpesviruses. Accordingly, their roles in virus infection and associated oncogenesis are unknown. Here we report evolutionary conservation of EBV-encoded circRNAs determined by assessing the circRNAome in rLCV-infected lymphomas from an SIV-infected rhesus macaque, and we report latent and lytic circRNAs from KSHV and MHV68. These experiments demonstrate utilization of the circular RNA class of RNAs across 4 members of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily, and they identify orthologues and potential homoplastic circRNAs, implying conserved circRNA functions in virus biology and associated malignancies.

Circular RNA hsa_circ_0078607 suppresses ovarian cancer progression by regulating miR-518a-5p/Fas signaling pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Yue Jin ◽  
Qiubo Hu ◽  
Shanshan Cheng ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Direct Target

Abstract Background: Increasing researches have demonstrated the critical functions of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the progression of malignant tumors, including ovarian cancer. In this study, we aim to investigate abnormally expression of hsa_circ_0078607 and the role of hsa_circ_0078607 during ovarian cancer pathogenesis.Methods: RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of circ_0078607 in ovarian cancer tissues. To determine the functional roles of circ_0078607 in ovarian cancer, cell proliferation and cell invasion assays were performed. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter analysis were used to predict the target of circ_0078607.Results: In the present study, we first found that circ_0078607 was downregulated in ovarian cancer. Forced circ_0078607 expression significantly suppressed proliferation and promotes apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. Mechanically, bioinformatics and luciferase reporter analysis identified that miR-518a-5p as a direct target of circ_0078607, while Fas as a direct target of miR-518a-5p. MiR-518a-5p negatively regulates Fas in ovarian cancer cells, while overexpression of circ_0078607 could increase the expression of Fas inhibited by miR-518a-5p. Furthermore, overexpression of circ_0078607 could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells caused by miR-518a-5p mimic.Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that circ_0078607 suppresses ovarian cancer progression by sponging oncogenic miR-518a-5p to induce Fas expression, which may provide new therapeutic approach for ovarian cancer.

Circular RNA as a potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic target for endometriosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 1277-1287
Author(s):  
Parisa M Dana ◽  
Mona Taghavipour ◽  
Hamed Mirzaei ◽  
Bahman Yousefi ◽  
Bahram Moazzami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Parental Gene

Endometriosis is a pathology form of endometrium that behaves in a similar way to malignancies, such as invasion and resistance to apoptosis. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that have several biological functions including, miRNA sponging, sequestering of proteins, enhancing parental gene expression and translation resulting in polypeptides. In this review, we highlighted the roles of circRNAs as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in endometriosis. Moreover, we summarized the roles of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of endometriosis via different signaling pathways, such as the miRNA network and apoptosis.

scholarly journals Gammaherpesvirus RNAs Come Full Circle

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan A. Ungerleider ◽  
Scott A. Tibbetts ◽  
Rolf Renne ◽  
Erik K. Flemington
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Viral Gene Expression ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Gammaherpesvirus 68

ABSTRACTAfter an adaptive immune response is mounted, gammaherpesviruses achieve persistence through the utilization of viral noncoding RNAs to craft a suitable host cell environment in an immunologically transparent manner. While gammaherpesvirus long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs have been recognized for some time and have been actively investigated, a recent spate of reports have now identified repertoires of the circular RNA (circRNA) class of noncoding RNAs in both the lymphocryptovirus and rhadinovirus genera of gammaherpesviruses. Despite the recent nature of these findings, the detection of circRNAs across viruses and viral gene expression programs, the conservation of some viral circRNAs, and their detection in the clinical setting already raises the spectrum of functional importance in gammaherpesvirus biology and associated malignancies. Here, we provide an overview of currently known gammaherpesvirus circular RNAs and discuss reported physical and contextual properties that may be germane to future functional studies. With the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) circRNAome being the most extensively studied to date, our discussions will be weighted toward EBV circRNAs while also addressing circRNAs discovered in the rhesus macaque lymphocryptovirus (rLCV), the Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), and the murid gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68). We hope that this will help set the stage for future investigations into the functions and relevance of this new class of viral noncoding RNAs in infection and disease.

scholarly journals Circular RNA circFAT1(e2) Promotes Osteosarcoma Progression and Metastasis by Sponging miR-181b and Regulating HK2 Expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijie Gu ◽  
Xiangyang Cheng ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Kaifeng Zhou ◽  
Chong Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rna ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target

As a subclass of noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to play a critical role in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. Recent studies have revealed the pivotal functions of circRNAs in cancer progression. Nevertheless, how circRNAs participate in osteosarcoma (OS) development and progression are not well understood. In the present study, we identified a circRNA circFAT1(e2) with an upregulated expression level in OS tissues. By functional experiments, we found that circFAT1(e2) depletion significantly suppressed the proliferation and reduced migration in OS. In terms of mechanism, we found that circFAT1(e2) inhibited miR-181b, while miR-181b targeted HK2. By releasing the inhibition of miR-181b on HK2 expression, leading to attenuated OS progression. Mechanistic investigations suggested that circFAT1(e2) served as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-181b to enhance HK2 expression. On the whole, our study indicated that circFAT1(e2) exerted oncogenic roles in OS and suggested the circFAT1(e2)/miR-181b/HK2 axis might be a potential therapeutic target.

The GS-X Pump in Plant, Yeast, and Animal Cells: Structure, Function, and Gene Expression

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihisa Ishikawa ◽  
Ze-Sheng Li ◽  
Yu-Ping Lu ◽  
Philip A. Rea
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
New Class ◽  
Cancer Drug Resistance ◽  
Cellular Detoxification ◽  
Physiologic Function ◽  
Coordinated Expression ◽  
And Function ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Molecular Structure And Function

This review addresses the recent molecular identification of several members of the glutathione S-conjugate (GS-X) pump family, a new class of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters responsible for the elimination and/or sequestration of pharmacologically and agronomically important compounds in mammalian, yeast and plant cells. The molecular structure and function of GS-X pumps encoded by MRP, cMOAT, YCF1. and AtMRP genes, have been conserved throughout molecular evolution. The physiologic function of GS-X pumps is closely related with cellular detoxification, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer drug resistance. Coordinated expression of GS-X pump genes, e.g., MRP1 and YCF1, and γ-glutamylcystaine synthetase, a rate-limiting enzyme of cellular glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, has been frequently observed.

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