scholarly journals Evidence-Based Laws and the Administrative Capacity to Generate Information for the Legislative Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Danielle Zaror Miralles
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Administrative Capacity ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Legislative Procedures ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Moment

Traditionally, the legislative practice has been described from the moment the bills enter the Assemblies or Parliaments until they are promulgated into law, but there is a lot of opacity regarding what the doctrine knows about the previous moment, that is, the pre-legislative procedures, which finally determine the way in which a problem will be approached legislatively, the content that these texts will develop and who has influenced the strategy deployed. This note seeks to make visible certain practices within the administration that allow understanding which is the starting point of a bill, how the knowledge of the administration members is structured and some of its problems, which are the sources of information for the elaboration of diagnoses, what should be the previous steps for the creation of a regulation and the existence of an institutionality that gives certainty, who influences the drafting of a legal text, what have some Latin American countries done to advance on this issue and how an evidence-based bill should be structured so that its result is close to the optimum expected in terms of legal effectiveness and transparency and accountability to citizens. Finally, this note concludes on the benefits derived from the strengthening of administrative capacity that allow generating, structuring and articulating technical, impartial and transparent information to promote evidence-based laws whose follow-up and evaluation allow assess their ex post effectiveness.

Identifying and Assessing the Implementation of Human Rights Decisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-148
Author(s):  
Alice Donald ◽  
Debra Long ◽  
Anne-Katrin Speck
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
European Regions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Public Record

Abstract Assessing the extent to which states have implemented the decisions of supranational human rights bodies is a challenging task. It requires supranational bodies—be they judicial, quasi-judicial or political—to create an evidence-based public record of the status quo of implementation at any point in time and determine whether the measures taken do, in fact, satisfy the requirements of the decision. This, in turn, relies upon states engaging in good faith, victims having a voice, and civil society organizations seizing the opportunity to influence the follow-up process. Using empirical data from interviews in selected states in the African, Inter-American and European regions, and within regional and United Nations bodies, this article argues that in no human rights ‘system’ are all these expectations met, in part because follow-up work is inadequately resourced. It argues that supranational bodies should proactively seek out diverse sources of information and adopt more transparent and responsive working methods so as to enable ‘real time’ participation by all interested parties. The article concludes with recommendations for supranational bodies, and state and non-state actors.

scholarly journals Pistas sobre o pensamento ético-social protestante latino-americano

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Raimundo César Barreto Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Fourth Moment ◽  
Social Thinking ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
American Protestantism ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time

This article argues that in order to think about a Latin American Protestant social ethic one needs to understand the ethos in which it emerges. Such an ethos forms in the context of the development of Protestant social thought in Latin America. This article revisits some important moments and movements for the formation of this Protestant social thinking in the region in the course of the 20th century. Five moments are highlighted. Firstly, the awareness of Latin American Protestantism is identified as the starting point for the formation of a Protestant ethos in the continent. In a second moment, the search for autonomy of Latin American Protestantism stands out. Next, the moment is discussed when, in rupture with a reformist and socialist social vision, Protestant sectors for the first time embraced a more radical project. The fourth moment presents a brief evangelical response in the context of integral mission. Finally, the current challenges in a context marked by indigeneity and pentecostality are briefly addressed.Propõe-se que para pensar uma ética social protestante latino-americana precisa-se entender o ethos no qual ela emerge. Tal ethos se forma no contexto do desenvolvimento do pensamento social protestante na América Latina. Esse artigo revisita alguns momentos e movimentos importantes para a formação desse pensar social protestante na região no decorrer do seculo XX. Cinco momentos são destacados.  Primeiramente, identifica-se a tomada de consciência do protestantismo latino-americano como ponto de partida para a formação de um ethos protestante no continente. Num segundo momento, destaca-se a busca por autonomia do protestantismo latino-americano. Em seguida, discute-se o momento quando, em ruptura com uma visão social reformista e desenvolvimentista, setores protestantes abraçaram pela primeira vez um projeto mais radical. O quarto momento apresenta uma breve resposta evangélica no contexto da missão integral. Por fim, aborda-se brevemente os desafios atuais num contexto marcado pela  indigeneidade e pentecostalidade.

scholarly journals Marketing behaviour of sugarcane nursery owners of Maharashtra

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-501
Author(s):  
A.M. Chavai ◽  
S.B. Hemgire
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Marketing Orientation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Medium Level

Sugarcane is main important cash crop. It is one of major crop of earning foreign exchange. The green tops of cane used as a fodder for cattle. Also sugarcane industry provides employment to a larger number of peoples. Now-a-days sugarcane nursery emerges as a new enterprise mainly in rural society. Nursery techniques involve raising seedlings, management and marketing for economical use. These techniques are useful in increasing success rate and reducing manual work. Also nursery seedlings increase germination percentage, useful for maintaining optimum plant population. The use of inputs like water, fertilizer etc., is also low. Hence, nursery is the starting point for successful planting. Successful nursery growing not only requires knowledge, skill and accuracy in the production but also in the marketing. Therefore, marketing of seedlings seems as a special significance in the sugarcane nursery. Marketing is one of the post production activity, which consistently influences the extent and nature of growing as well as profits to nursery owners. Under the present circumstances, there is a need for development of efficient marketing system along with efficient production management in the whole range of marketing activities including packing, transportation techniques, distribution and product standardization. Keeping the above facts in view, the present study was conducted in the year 2020 at Kolhapur district of Maharashtra State with the objectives; to study personal, socio-economic and psychological characteristics of the sugarcane nursery owners, to analyze the marketing behaviour of the sugarcane nursery owners, to find out relationship between personal, socio-economic and psychological characteristics with their marketing behaviour. The “Ex-post-facto” research design was used for the study .The study was conducted purposively in Kolhapur district of Maharashtra state. From Kolhapur district two tehsils namely Shirol and Hatkangale were selected. Seven villages from each tehsil and then ten respondents from each village were selected by nth method of random sampling to comprise a sample of 140 respondents. The data was collected and analyzed with the help of well-structured interview schedule by personal interview with the sugarcane nursery owners and suitable statistical tools. From the research study it was found that majority (65.01 %) of the sugarcane nursery owners were found to be middle age group (36 to 55 years), 52.16 per cent were educated upto secondary school, most (62.87 %) of the respondents had medium (17-30 years) farming experience, more than half (70.01 %) of respondents had fair irrigation status, half of respondents (52.87 %) had marginal size of land holding (Upto 1.00 ha), most (67.15 %) of the nursery owners had small area under nursery, more than half (57.05 %) of the respondents had medium annual income (Upto Rs.758667). The study also revealed that more than one half (67.87%) were grouped under medium level of sources of information, 60.72 per cent of nursery owners had medium level of innovativeness, 62.15 per cent of respondents were grouped under medium level of risk orientation and 72.15 per cent of respondents had medium level of marketing orientation. It was observed that more than half (57.87 %) of sugarcane nursery owners had medium marketing behaviour. Study revealed that the selected independent variables viz., education, land holding, area under nursery, annual income, irrigation status, source of information, risk orientation and marketing orientation were in positive and strongly significant relationship with their marketing behaviour. Whereas, the variable age had negative and non-significant correlation with marketing behaviour, similarly farming experience had positive and non-significant correlation with marketing behaviour of sugarcane nursery owners.

scholarly journals Peripheral Solutions to Peripheral Development: The Case of Early 20th Century Romania

2005 ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Boatca
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
World Systems Analysis ◽  
Theory Of Forms

The article furthers the claim that many of the weaknesses of Marxist theory that constituted the starting point of critical approaches from Latin American dependency theory to world-systems analysis had been addressed in very similar terms as early as the 1900s. The focus is on intellectual debates in early twentieth-century Romania, especially as engendered by the theory of “forms without substance“ as an alternative project of modernization for the periphery and the follow-up confrontation between the socialist Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea and the Poporanist Constantin Stere on the issue of social and economic development.

scholarly journals Medellín: A Igreja no tempo e no lugar certo

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (309) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Agenor Brighenti
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Historical Moment

Medellín é fruto de uma Igreja no tempo e no lugar certo. Foi uma ousadia da Igreja na América Latina, que continua fazendo caminho, 50 anos depois. Bispos proféticos, catalisadores de um conjunto de iniciativas arrojadas e assessorados por teólogos e pastoralistas de primeira grandeza, desencadearam um processo eclesial que mudaria radicalmente o perfil da Igreja na América Latina. Para o Autor, os fatores que possibilitaram a realização da II Conferência são basicamente quatro: o momento de profundas transformações da década revolucionária de 1960; uma Igreja sintonizada com seu momento histórico e atenta aos novos sinais dos tempos; a renovação do Vaticano II, do qual Medellín foi uma “recepção criativa”; e o fato de Medellín ter feito do Concílio mais um “ponto de partida” do que um “ponto de chegada”. Abstract: Medellín is fruit of a Church that is at the right time and in the right place. It was a daring movement of the Latin American Church, a Church that still continues to follow this path fifty years later. Prophetic bishops, catalytic agents of a set of daring moves and assisted by theologians and pastoralists of first magnitude, launched an ecclesial process that would radically change the Latin American Church’s profile. For the Author, the factors that made possible the realization of the II Conference are basically four: the moment of deep transformations in the revolutionary decade of 1960; a Church in tune with its historical moment and alert to the new signs of the times; the Vatican II’s renovation, of which Medellín was a “creative reception” and the fact that Medellín made of the Council a “starting point” rather than “a point of arrival”. Keywords: Church; Latin America; Vatican II; Medellín; Poor.

scholarly journals Marine Debris on New Zealand Beaches - Baseline Data to Evaluate Regional Variances

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella van Gool ◽  
Marnie Campbell ◽  
Pip Wallace ◽  
Chad L. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Spatial Variance ◽  
The North ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
North And South

Terrestrial sources of marine debris on beaches are substantial, increasing, and are primarily a result of mismanaged waste on land. The scale, source, and composition of beached marine debris in New Zealand was determined by surveying 41 beaches, with triplicate belt transects, across the North and South Islands. Results demonstrated a significant spatial variance, with the South Island showing a significantly higher mean density than the more populated North Island by count as well as by weight. The majority of all anthropogenic marine debris detected was plastic and arrived through the water. Explanations for regional variances in debris presence are difficult to ascertain with certainty but could not be explained by population density and proximity. These findings contribute to the understudied field of marine debris research in New Zealand and the Southern Hemisphere and provide a starting point for evidence-based mitigation. Recommended changes to future monitoring programs are made. This first national baseline study of marine debris in New Zealand serves as a reference for follow-up studies, including research at other locations.

What Does Evidence-Based Practice Mean to You? A Follow-Up Study Examining School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Perspectives on Evidence-Based Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 688-704
Author(s):  
Katrina Fulcher-Rood ◽  
Anny Castilla-Earls ◽  
Jeff Higginbotham
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
School Based ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Ebp Implementation

Purpose The current investigation is a follow-up from a previous study examining child language diagnostic decision making in school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The purpose of this study was to examine the SLPs' perspectives regarding the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) in their clinical work. Method Semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 25 school-based SLPs who previously participated in an earlier study by Fulcher-Rood et al. 2018). SLPs were asked questions regarding their definition of EBP, the value of research evidence, contexts in which they implement scientific literature in clinical practice, and the barriers to implementing EBP. Results SLPs' definitions of EBP differed from current definitions, in that SLPs only included the use of research findings. SLPs seem to discuss EBP as it relates to treatment and not assessment. Reported barriers to EBP implementation were insufficient time, limited funding, and restrictions from their employment setting. SLPs found it difficult to translate research findings to clinical practice. SLPs implemented external research evidence when they did not have enough clinical expertise regarding a specific client or when they needed scientific evidence to support a strategy they used. Conclusions SLPs appear to use EBP for specific reasons and not for every clinical decision they make. In addition, SLPs rely on EBP for treatment decisions and not for assessment decisions. Educational systems potentially present other challenges that need to be considered for EBP implementation. Considerations for implementation science and the research-to-practice gap are discussed.

The Road to the Baccalaureate

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-442
Author(s):  
Dina Ghazzawi ◽  
Lyle McKinney ◽  
Catherine Lynn Horn ◽  
Vincent Carales ◽  
Andrea Burridge
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Academic Preparedness ◽  
African Students ◽  
Bachelor Degree ◽  
Caribbean Students ◽  
The Road ◽  
Community College District ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Delayed Enrollment ◽  
Sub Saharan

International students are increasingly enrolling in U.S community colleges as a starting point to their higher education. However, limited research examines the factors contributing to their successful transfer to a 4-year institution and bachelor degree attainment. Utilizing longitudinal transcript data from a large community college district in Texas, this study uses hierarchical logistical regression to compare college experiences and transfer outcomes based on region of origin. Findings demonstrate that while Sub-Saharan African students have a significantly higher probability of transfer than Asian and Latin American students, the majority of bachelor degree recipients were Asian students graduating in STEM fields. Delayed enrollment into college and academic preparedness in math were negatively associated with transfer for Latin American and Caribbean students.

L’absence chez Michel Butor. L’Emploi du temps et Degrés

2012 ◽  
pp. 66-80
Author(s):  
Michał Mrozowicki
Keyword(s):  
Human Memory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Michel Butor ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Narrative Mode ◽  
The City

Michel Butor, born in 1926, one of the leaders of the French New Novel movement, has written only four novels between 1954 and 1960. The most famous of them is La Modification (Second thoughts), published in 1957. The author of the paper analyzes two other Butor’s novels: L’Emploi du temps (Passing time) – 1956, and Degrés (Degrees) – 1960. The theme of absence is crucial in both of them. In the former, the novel, presented as the diary of Jacques Revel, a young Frenchman spending a year in Bleston (a fictitious English city vaguely similar to Manchester), describes the narrator’s struggle to survive in a double – spatial and temporal – labyrinth. The first of them, formed by Bleston’s streets, squares and parks, is symbolized by the City plan. During his one year sojourn in the city, using its plan, Revel learns patiently how to move in its different districts, and in its strange labyrinth – strange because devoid any centre – that at the end stops annoying him. The other, the temporal one, symbolized by the diary itself, the labyrinth of the human memory, discovered by the narrator rather lately, somewhere in the middle of the year passed in Bleston, becomes, by contrast, more and more dense and complex, which is reflected by an increasinly complex narration used to describe the past. However, at the moment Revel is leaving the city, he is still unable to recall and to describe the events of the 29th of February 1952. This gap, this absence, symbolizes his defeat as the narrator, and, in the same time, the human memory’s limits. In Degrees temporal and spatial structures are also very important. This time round, however, the problems of the narration itself, become predominant. Considered from this point of view, the novel announces Gerard Genette’s work Narrative Discourse and his theoretical discussion of two narratological categories: narrative voice and narrative mode. Having transgressed his narrative competences, Pierre Vernier, the narrator of the first and the second parts of the novel, who, taking as a starting point, a complete account of one hour at school, tries to describe the whole world and various aspects of the human civilization for the benefit of his nephew, Pierre Eller, must fail and disappear, as the narrator, from the third part, which is narrated by another narrator, less audacious and more credible.

Supporting the Development of Clinical Reasoning of Preprofessional Novices in Dysphagia Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Doeltgen ◽  
Stacie Attrill ◽  
Joanne Murray
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Implicit Processing ◽  
Reasoning Skills

AbstractProficient clinical reasoning is a critical skill in high-quality, evidence-based management of swallowing impairment (dysphagia). Clinical reasoning in this area of practice is a cognitively complex process, as it requires synthesis of multiple sources of information that are generated during a thorough, evidence-based assessment process and which are moderated by the patient's individual situations, including their social and demographic circumstances, comorbidities, or other health concerns. A growing body of health and medical literature demonstrates that clinical reasoning skills develop with increasing exposure to clinical cases and that the approaches to clinical reasoning differ between novices and experts. It appears that it is not the amount of knowledge held, but the way it is used, that distinguishes a novice from an experienced clinician. In this article, we review the roles of explicit and implicit processing as well as illness scripts in clinical decision making across the continuum of medical expertise and discuss how they relate to the clinical management of swallowing impairment. We also reflect on how this literature may inform educational curricula that support SLP students in developing preclinical reasoning skills that facilitate their transition to early clinical practice. Specifically, we discuss the role of case-based curricula to assist students to develop a meta-cognitive awareness of the different approaches to clinical reasoning, their own capabilities and preferences, and how and when to apply these in dysphagia management practice.

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