Isolation, Screening and Production of Bacterial Cellulase from Cow Dung

Cellulases are the most important industrial enzyme due to their potential application in various industries including pulp and paper, textile, laundry, biofuel production, food and feed industry, brewing and agriculture. The present study was carried out to isolate and characterize cellulase producing microorganisms from different cow dung samples. Four different cow dung samples were collected from variety of cows namely Gir, Holstein, Jersey and Desi and isolation and screening was done to check cellulase producing microorganisms. The obtained 11 isolates were screened for their cellulase activity by using CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) agar medium. In the current study, 10 cellulase producing isolates were obtained and were characterized morphologically from which 8 isolates were found Gram negative and 2 were found Gram positive. All the 10 cellulase producers were further confirmed for their cellulase producing ability by performing turbidity test. Out of these 10 isolates, GN4 and HN2 with optical density 0.35 and 0.28, respectively were found to be best cellulase producer and were selected for cellulase enzyme production and other further studies. Botssh the isolates were tested for their enzymatic activities by performing DNSA method and protein estimation by Lowry’s method. Cellulase activities were found to be 7.33 µg/ml/min and 3.66 µg/ml/min and the total protein concentrations were found to be 40 µg/ml and 32 µg/ml for GN4 and HN2, respectively. Thus, dungs cow dung can be considered as the excellent source for cellulase producing bacteria.

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β-Galactosidase-Producing Isolates in Mucoromycota: Screening, Enzyme Production, and Applications for Functional Oligosaccharide Synthesis

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7030229 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 229

Author(s):

Bettina Volford ◽

Mónika Varga ◽

András Szekeres ◽

Alexandra Kotogán ◽

Gábor Nagy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wheat Bran ◽

Enzyme Production ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Prebiotic Synthesis ◽

Crude Enzyme ◽

Oligosaccharide Synthesis ◽

Industrial Enzymes ◽

Chromogenic Agar ◽

Lichtheimia Ramosa ◽

Excellent Source

β-Galactosidases of Mucoromycota are rarely studied, although this group of filamentous fungi is an excellent source of many industrial enzymes. In this study, 99 isolates from the genera Lichtheimia, Mortierella, Mucor, Rhizomucor, Rhizopus and Umbelopsis, were screened for their β-galactosidase activity using a chromogenic agar approach. Ten isolates from the best producers were selected, and the activity was further investigated in submerged (SmF) and solid-state (SSF) fermentation systems containing lactose and/or wheat bran substrates as enzyme production inducers. Wheat bran proved to be efficient for the enzyme production under both SmF and SSF conditions, giving maximum specific activity yields from 32 to 12,064 U/mg protein and from 783 to 22,720 U/mg protein, respectively. Oligosaccharide synthesis tests revealed the suitability of crude β-galactosidases from Lichtheimia ramosa Szeged Microbiological Collection (SZMC) 11360 and Rhizomucor pusillus SZMC 11025 to catalyze transgalactosylation reactions. In addition, the crude enzyme extracts had transfructosylation activity, resulting in the formation of fructo-oligosaccharide molecules in a sucrose-containing environment. The maximal oligosaccharide concentration varied between 0.0158 and 2.236 g/L depending on the crude enzyme and the initial material. Some oligosaccharide-enriched mixtures supported the growth of probiotics, indicating the potential of the studied enzyme extracts in future prebiotic synthesis processes.

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Screening of carotenoid-producing Rhodotorula strains isolated from natural sources

Acta Chimica Slovaca ◽

10.1515/acs-2015-0007 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 34-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jana Tkáčová ◽

Katarína Furdíková ◽

Tatiana Klempová ◽

Katarína Ďurčanská ◽

Milan Čertík

Keyword(s):

Positive Impact ◽

Human Life ◽

Carotenoid Pigments ◽

High Demand ◽

Natural Pigments ◽

Feed Industry ◽

Food And Feed ◽

Petri Dishes ◽

Pigment Accumulation ◽

Β Carotene

Abstract Carotenoids represent large group of various natural pigments ensuring typical coloration of plants, microorganisms and several animals. It was confirmed by many studies, that consuming these biological active compounds has positive impact for human life. Therefore, they are applied in different industrial fields, such as pharmacy, cosmetic, food, and feed industry. Due to high demand for carotenoids we would like to discover new microorganisms overproducing carotenoids. We focused on yeasts of genus Rhodotorula sp. (forty isolates), that we screened according to growth and carotenoid production on Petri dishes and production media. After cultivation on Petri dishes we selected five strains (denoted as KF-4, KF-6, KF-24, KF-31, KF-104) with interesting pigment production and quick growth. The secondary screening on production media identified KF-104 as the best producer of carotenoid pigments with massive pigment accumulation (1.15 mg/g DCW) and yield (9.69 mg/L). The main carotenoid of KF-104 isolate was β-carotene (35.4 %) with the accumulation of 408.7 μg/g DCW and the yield of 3.4 mg/L. The rest were torularhodin, torulene and γ-carotene (62.7–79.0 %). Production of torularhodin in the cells was low (0.4 to 1.4 mg/L) as was its accumulation in cells (31.2–121.0 μg/g DCW). We continue the experimental analyses of these isolates in order understand differences in the content of individual pigments.

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Wild type Bacillus subtilis treated with ethyl methyl sulphonate produced catabolite insensitive mutants with improved cellulase production

10.21203/rs.3.rs-278081/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Oladipo Olaniyi

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Enzyme Production ◽

Cellulase Activity ◽

Cellulase Production ◽

Minimal Salt Medium ◽

Salt Medium ◽

Production Medium ◽

Wild Type ◽

Ethyl Methyl

Abstract The goal of this present investigation was to mutagenize Bacillus subtilis with Ethyl Methyl Sulphonate (EMS), screen the mutants for cellulase production and evaluate the influence of different glucose concentrations on their cellulase production potentials. The wild type B. subtilis was treated with 20, 40, 60 and 80 µl of EMS and the mutants generated were screened for cellulase production in minimal salt medium containing carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC) as the carbon source. Quantitatively, cellulase activity and protein contents were determined by dinitrosalicylic acid and Lowry methods respectively. Seven mutants were developed from each of the EMS concentration bringing the total to twenty-eight from all the concentrations. Approximately 14 and 57% of the mutants developed from 40 and 60µl of EMS had higher cellulase activities than the wild type, while none of the mutants developed from 20 and 80 µl of EMS had better activities than the wild type. The supplementation of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% glucose in enzyme production medium caused approximately 100, 14, 29 and 14% cellulase repression respectively in the mutants developed from 60µl EMS. Mutants MSSS02 and MSSS05 were considered as catabolite insensitive mutants because their cellulase production were enhanced in comparison to wild type.

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Potential of sea buckthorn-based ingredients for the food and feed industry – a review

Food Production, Processing and Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s43014-020-00032-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arnau Vilas-Franquesa ◽

Jordi Saldo ◽

Bibiana Juan

Keyword(s):

Sea Buckthorn ◽

Feed Industry ◽

Food And Feed

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Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature on Product Distribution and Characteristics of Anaerobic Sludge

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13010079 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Muhammad Usman Hanif ◽

Mohammed Zwawi ◽

Sergio C. Capareda ◽

Hamid Iqbal ◽

Mohammed Algarni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pyrolysis Temperature ◽

Product Distribution ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Thermochemical Conversion ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Cow Dung ◽

High Heating Value ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Combustible Gases

Pyrolysis of anaerobically digested sludge can serve as an efficient biomass for biofuel production. Pyrolysis produces products like char, bio-oil, and combustible gases by thermochemical conversion process. It can be used for sludge treatment that decreases sludge disposal problems. Sludge produced from anaerobic co-digestion (microalgae, cow dung, and paper) waste has high carbon and hydrogen content. We investigated the candidacy of the anaerobic sludge having high heating value (HHV) of 20.53 MJ/kg as a reliable biomass for biofuels production. The process of pyrolysis was optimized with different temperatures (400, 500, and 600 °C) to produce high quantity and improved quality of the products, mainly bio-oil, char, and gas. The results revealed that with the increase in pyrolysis temperature the quantity of char decreased (81% to 55%), bio-oil increased (3% to 7%), and gas increased (2% to 5%). The HHV of char (19.2 MJ/kg), bio-oil (28.1 MJ/kg), and gas (18.1 MJ/kg) were predominantly affected by the amount of fixed carbon, hydrocarbons, and volatile substance, respectively. The study confirmed that the anaerobic sludge is a promising biomass for biofuel production and pyrolysis is an efficient method for its safe disposal.

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Engineering a Trypsin-Resistant Thermophilic α-Galactosidase to Enhance Pepsin Resistance, Acidic Tolerance, Catalytic Performance, and Potential in the Food and Feed Industry

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02175 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (39) ◽

pp. 10560-10573

Author(s):

Canfang Niu ◽

Xiangyuan Wan

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Performance ◽

Feed Industry ◽

Food And Feed

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Microbial Cellulases and Their Industrial Applications

Enzyme Research ◽

10.4061/2011/280696 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 376

Author(s):

Ramesh Chander Kuhad ◽

Rishi Gupta ◽

Ajay Singh

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Enzyme System ◽

Cellulase Production ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Research Groups ◽

Process Economics ◽

Food And Feed ◽

Technological Developments

Microbial cellulases have shown their potential application in various industries including pulp and paper, textile, laundry, biofuel production, food and feed industry, brewing, and agriculture. Due to the complexity of enzyme system and immense industrial potential, cellulases have been a potential candidate for research by both the academic and industrial research groups. Nowadays, significant attentions have been devoted to the current knowledge of cellulase production and the challenges in cellulase research especially in the direction of improving the process economics of various industries. Scientific and technological developments and the future prospects for application of cellulases in different industries are discussed in this paper.

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Novel Sequential Screening and Enhanced Production of Fibrinolytic Enzyme byBacillussp. IND12 Using Response Surface Methodology in Solid-State Fermentation

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/3909657 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ponnuswamy Vijayaraghavan ◽

P. Rajendran ◽

Samuel Gnana Prakash Vincent ◽

Arumugaperumal Arun ◽

Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Solid State ◽

Response Surface ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Enzyme Production ◽

Blood Clot ◽

Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽

Surface Model ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Enhanced Production

Fibrinolytic enzymes have wide applications in clinical and waste treatment. Bacterial isolates were screened for fibrinolytic enzyme producing ability by skimmed milk agar plate using bromocresol green dye, fibrin plate method, zymography analysis, and goat blood clot lysis. After these sequential screenings,Bacillussp. IND12 was selected for fibrinolytic enzyme production.Bacillussp. IND12 effectively used cow dung for its growth and enzyme production (687±6.5 U/g substrate). Further, the optimum bioprocess parameters were found out for maximum fibrinolytic enzyme production using cow dung as a low cost substrate under solid-state fermentation. Two-level full-factorial experiments revealed that moisture, pH, sucrose, peptone, and MgSO4were the vital parameters with statistical significance (p<0.001). Three factors (moisture, sucrose, and MgSO4) were further studied through experiments of central composite rotational design and response surface methodology. Enzyme production of optimized medium showed4143±12.31 U/g material, which was more than fourfold the initial enzyme production (978±36.4 U/g). The analysis of variance showed that the developed response surface model was highly significant (p<0.001). The fibrinolytic enzyme digested goat blood clot (100%), chicken skin (83±3.6%), egg white (100%), and bovine serum albumin (29±4.9%).

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