scholarly journals PLC Based Automated Irrigation System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1519-1525
Author(s):  
Mr. Abshar Imam
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Drainage Ditches ◽  
Develop Sensor ◽  
Automated Irrigation System ◽  
Increase Energy Consumption

Abstract: In a developing country like India, automation plays an important role in the development and advancement of the country. In the field of irrigation, proper method of irrigation is important . At the present era, the gardeners have been using irrigation technique in India through the manual control in which the gardeners irrigate at the regular intervals. This process sometimes consumes more water or sometimes the water reaches late due to which the grass and plants get dried. Over-irrigation can increase energy consumption and water cost as well as leaching of fertilizers below the root zone, erosion, and transport of soil and chemical particles to the drainage ditches. Irrigators who monitor soil moisture levels in the field greatly increase their ability to conserve water and energy and avoid soil erosion and water pollution. The objective of this paper is to develop sensor based automated gardening system to reduce water requirement and balanced gardening in smart city projects in India. Manpower isn`t required in this system and moisture content of soil will be balanced all the time.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of an Automatic Soil Moisture Sensor Irrigation System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 994-998
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Drainage Ditches ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Increase Energy Consumption

As India is an agriculture oriented country and the rate at which water resources are depleting is a dangerous threat hence there is a need of smart and efficient way of irrigation. At present most of the farmers have been using irrigation techniques through the manual control in which the farmers irrigate the land at the regular intervals. This process sometimes consumes more water or sometimes the water reaches late due to which the crops get dried. Over-irrigation can increase energy consumption and water cost as well as leaching of fertilizers below the root zone, erosion, and transport of soil and chemical particles to the drainage ditches. Irrigators who monitor soil moisture levels inthe field greatly increase their ability to conserve water and energy, optimize crop yields, and avoid soil erosion and water pollution.This paper described to provide an automatic irrigation systemusing AT89S51 microcontroller,thereby saving time, money & power of the farmer. With thisautomated technology of irrigation the human intervention can be minimized. This system is best suited for places where water is scarce and has to be used in limited quantity

scholarly journals Smart Irrigation System Using Intelligent Robotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Pratiksha Pradip Pandao ◽  
Abhi Rathi ◽  
Prince Patel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Automated Irrigation System ◽  
And Control

To optimize water use for agricultural crops while also verifying water scarcity in the field, an automated irrigation system was developed. Weed management and control are critical for high-yielding, high-quality crops, and developments in weed control technologies have had a significant impact on agricultural output. Any weed control method that is effective must be both durable and versatile. Despite the variety in field circumstances, robust weed control technologies will successfully manage weeds. Weed control technology that is adaptable can change its strategy in response to changing weed populations, genetics, and environmental conditions. The system includes a distributed wireless network of soil-moisture and temperature sensors, as well as conductive sensors in the plant's root zone. Agate way unit also manages sensor data, triggers actuators, and sends data to an Android mobile device. To control water quantity, an algorithm with temperature and soil moisture threshold values was developed and programmed into a microcontroller-based gateway. The added future of this research is that we are utilising a robot to monitor the condition of the crop to see if it is affected by insects or not. The robot will move around the field, and we will be able to track the crop's health on our device.

scholarly journals Automatic Irrigation System using Wireless Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rusydi Muhammad Razif ◽  
Preetharan Ravindran ◽  
Ili Najaa Aimi Mohd Nordin ◽  
Nor Saradatul Akmar Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Drainage Ditches ◽  
Wireless Control ◽  
The Cost

Traditional methods of irrigation and fertilizing is very time consuming for farmers. Over-irrigation as well as leaching of fertilizers below the root zone, erosion, and transport of soil and chemical particles to the drainage ditches can increase energy and water consumption in farming. A single systems combining irrigation and fertilizing will greatly reduce the cost and time needed in farming. There are two types of fertilizers available for home gardener – granular and water-soluble fertilizers. Generally, granular fertilizers release nutrient gradually but can last longer than water-soluble fertilizers. This project will provide an automated system for irrigation and fertilizing for plantation using Arduino as the microcontroller. This system will include a mobile application to control the amount of water during the irrigation and fertilizing processes. The microcontroller communicates with the mobile application via internet using the Wi-Fi modulator. Then, the microcontroller processes the information and operates the irrigation and fertilizing pumps which supplies water and fertilizer through the sprinkler system in the field. Any feedback will be sent to the user through the mobile application.

scholarly journals IoT based Raspberry Pi Crop Vandalism Prevention system

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3188-3192 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Prevention System ◽  
Automated Irrigation System

Agriculture is a major source of food production in our country. Growth in population increase the demand for food production and agriculture is the main source. Irrigation in agriculture is an important process that affects the development of crops. In particular, farmers visit their agricultural fields regularly to check the level of soil moisture and water is pumped by motors to irrigate their respective fields on the basis of requirements. But the limitation of protecting crops from animals becomes a major concern for yield. This works presents the protection system in addition to the automated irrigation system.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Soil Matric Potential-based Automated Irrigation System for Drip Irrigating Fraser Fir

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030-1036
Author(s):  
Pascal Nzokou ◽  
Nicholas J. Gooch ◽  
Bert M. Cregg
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Operational Flexibility ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Automated Irrigation System

Irrigation of fraser fir (Abies fraseri) in Christmas tree production is gaining importance in the upper midwestern United States because of the intensive planting of this species out of its natural range. However, current scheduling practices rely on empirical observations with no monitoring of soil moisture and no use of automated irrigation system. The goal of this project was to design, construct, and implement a tensiometer-based automated irrigation system for fraser fir Christmas tree plantations that would (1) use existing technologies, (2) apply water based on changes in soil moisture content, (3) provide operational flexibility, and (4) interface with a computer for system changes, data collection, and system modifications. Soil tensiometers equipped with 4- to 20-milliampere transducers were installed at two drip-irrigated tree farms. Water on demand was controlled by soil moisture tension levels that triggered the stimulation of a relay wired to solenoids delivering irrigation water to the various treatments. The system functioned according to the design as expected. However, several issues associated with the need for regular maintenance of tensiometers, computer programming, and system wiring created some challenges regarding the reliability and transferability of similar system to commercial facilities.

scholarly journals Water Saving and Yield of Potatoes under Partial Root-Zone Drying Drip Irrigation Technique: Field and Modelling Study Using SALTMED Model in Saudi Arabia

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1997
Author(s):  
Abdulrasoul Al-Omran ◽  
Ibrahim Louki ◽  
Arafat Alkhasha ◽  
Mohamed Hassan Abd El-Wahed ◽  
Abdullah Obadi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
Irrigation Levels

This study aims to evaluate the Partial Root Zone Drying Irrigation System (PRD) as one of the modern technologies that provide irrigation water and increase the efficiency of its use on potato crop. The effect of applying the PRD conventional deficit irrigation (CDI) on the efficiency and water saving in potato crops using the drip surface (S) and subsurface (SS) irrigation methods were investigated. SALTMED model used to predict soil moisture and salinity distribution, soil nitrogen dynamics, and yield of potato crop using the different irrigation levels (150%, 100%, and 50% of Crop evapotranspiration (ETc)). The study showed that the water use efficiency (WUE) decreases with increasing levels of irrigation water, as it ranged between 2.96 and 8.38 kgm−3, 2.77 and 7.01 kgm−3 for surface irrigation PRD and CDI, respectively, when the amounts of irrigation water varied from 308 mm to 1174 mm, respectively. The study showed that the irrigation efficiencies were the highest when using PRD system in all treatments when irrigating the potato crop during the spring season, and it was more efficient in the case of using subsurface irrigation method. The results show that the soil moisture (SM) was high in 25–45 cm at 150% of ETc was 0.166 and 0.263 m3m−3 for the first and last stages of growth, respectively. 100% of ETc, (SM) was 0.296 m3m−3 at 0–25 cm, 0.195 m3m−3 at 25–45 cm, 0.179 m3m−3 at 45–62 cm, depths, respectively. whereas 50% of ETc, (SM) was 0.162 m3m−3 at 0–25 cm, 0.195 m3m−3 at 25–85 cm, depths. At 100% of ETc, soil salinity was 5.15, 4.37, 3.3, and 4.5 dSm−1, whereas at 50%, ETc, these values were 5.64, 9.6, 3.3, and 4.2 dSm−1. Statistical indicators showed that the model underestimated yield, for 150%, 100%, and 50% of ETc. Therefore, it can be concluded that yield and WUE using PRD systems were the highest in the potato crop compare to CDI surface and sub-surface, and SALTMED model can predict the moisture distribution, salinity, and yield of potatoes after accurate adjustment.

scholarly journals Determining Irrigation Depths for Soybean Using a Simulation Model of Water Flow and Plant Growth and Weather Forecasts

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan M. Abd El Baki ◽  
Majid Raoof ◽  
Haruyuki Fujimaki
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Automated Irrigation System

A new scheme to determine irrigation depths using a two-point of predicted cumulative transpiration over irrigation interval is presented. Rather than maximizing water use efficiency, this scheme aims to maximize net income. The volumetric water price is considered to give farmers an incentive to save irrigation water. A field experiment for soybeans was carried out in the Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Japan in 2019. The total irrigation amount yield and net income by the proposed scheme were compared to those by a tensiometer-operated automated irrigation. The scheme could save irrigation water by 16% with a yield increment of 20%; resulting in a 22% increase in net income compared to the automated irrigation. The model simulated the volumetric water content in the effective root zone of the plant in fair agreement. These results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme that may replace an automated irrigation system even considering uncertainty in weather forecast to determine irrigation depth and secure investment costs.

scholarly journals Solar Powered Smart Irrigation System

2021 ◽  
pp. 898-901
Author(s):  
Bhavna Dhole ◽  
Pratiksha Patle ◽  
Onkar Patole ◽  
Suprriya Lohar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Electricity Crisis ◽  
Remote Station ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Automated Irrigation System

This paper addresses water scarcity and electricity crisis by designing and implementing smart irrigation system. This system presents the details of a solar-powered automated irrigation system that turns ON/OFF the motor to pass water through the pump required to soil depending on the soil moisture, hence this system minimize the wastage of water. Soil moisture sensor sense the humidity of soil which is transmitted to a remote station. This data will be analyzed and used to pass out water by water pump. This system conserves electricity and conserves water. It is the proposed solution for the now a days energy crisis for the Indian farmers. Cost-effective solar power can be the answer to our energy needs. Solar powered smart irrigation systems are the acknowledgement to the Indian farmer.This system does not work at night in areas without a grid.

scholarly journals (457) An Approach-grafted, Split-rooted Apple System to Evaluate the Effects of Partial Rootzone Drying and Deficit Irrigation on Tree Water Relations

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037A-1037
Author(s):  
Todd C. Einhorn ◽  
Horst W. Caspari ◽  
Steve Green ◽  
Greg Litus
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Partial Rootzone Drying ◽  
One Year

One-year-old `Gala'/M7 apple trees were potted into 30-L containers and approach-grafted about 45 cm above the graft union in late Spring 2003. Trees were grown with both tops for the remainder of the 2003 season in a greenhouse. In Apr. 2004, one of the tops was removed. Trees were fully watered by an overhead irrigation system until July 2004, when trees were subjected to one of four irrigation regimes: control received >100% of ETc applied evenly to the two pots; PRD100 received >100% ETc applied to one pot only; and two regimes received 50% ETc applied to either one (PRD50) or both pots (DI50). Both gravimetric (tripod) and volumetric (time-domain reflectometry) soil moisture measurements were taken daily prior to and after irrigations. In addition, heavy isotope H2O (18O) was applied to one of the two root compartments and analyzed in the leaves to further determine the validity of the model. Sap flow was monitored in six split-rooted trees using miniaturized heat-pulse probes inserted into the stem above the graft union and into each of the two root systems below the graft union. Under fully irrigated conditions, root sap flow was proportional to root trunk cross-sectional area, and was not a function of root system origin (i.e., roots of mother plant with original top remaining or roots of daughter plant with original top detached). Water uptake from a previously dried root zone was rapid when the irrigated side was switched, but much more gradual when the other side was maintained wet. Interactions between soil moisture and sap flow in relation to factors governing canopy demand will be presented.

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