Experimental Investigations on Black Cotton Soil Stabilized with Sand and Cement

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2183-2192
Author(s):  
D. Rohitha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Swell Index

Abstract: Has our Lands getting increasing of population and the reduction of available land, more and more construction of building sand other civil engineering structures has to be carried out on weak or soft soil. Owing to such soil of poor shear strength and high swelling & shrinkage, a great diversity of ground improvement techniques such as soil stabilization and reinforcement are employed to improve mechanical behavior ofsoil, thereby enhancing the reliability of construction. Black cotton soil is one of the major soil with this we are going to improve the soil by using sand and cement in deposits of India. The disappointments of asphalt in from of hurl dejection splitting and unevenness are brought about by the occasional dampness variety in subgrade soil. So, in this we using the various type of tests like plastic limit, liquid limit, California bearing ratio test, freewell index and specific gravity.Instead of cutting out and replacing the unstable soil,soil adjustment isthe only alternative asitsaveslot of time and ofmoneytoo.Theexhibithigh swelling and shrinking when exposed to changes in moisture content and hence have been found to be most troublesome from engineering considerations. Keyword: Black cotton soil, stabilization, CBR, sand and cement, sub- grade, Montmorinolite kaolinite, hydrated cations, Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, Free swell index, Specific gravity.

scholarly journals Geotechnical properties of reinforced clayey soil using nylons carry’s bags by products

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 01020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla Salim ◽  
Kawther Al-Soudany ◽  
Nora Jajjawi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Replacement Technique

All structures built on soft soil may experience uncontrollable settlement and critical bearing capacity. This may not meet the design requirements for the geotechnical engineer. Soil stabilization is the change of these undesirable properties in order to meet the requirements. Traditional methods of stabilizing or through in-situ ground improvement such as compaction or replacement technique is usually costly. Now a safe and economic disposal of industrial wastes and development of economically feasible ground improvement techniques are the important challenges being faced by the engineering community. This work focuses on improving the soft soil brought from Baghdad by utilizing the local waste material for stabilization of soil, such as by using “Nylon carry bag’s by product” with the different percentage and corresponding to 1 %, 3% and 5% (the portion of stabilizer matters to soil net weight) of dried soil. The results indicated that as Nylon’s fiber content increases, the liquid limit decreases while the plastic limit increases, so the plasticity index decreases. Furthermore, the maximum dry density decreases while, the optimum moisture content increases as the Nylon’s fiber percentage increases. The compression index (decreases as the Nylon’s fiber increases and provides a maximum of 43% reduction by adding 5% nylon waste material. In addition, the results indicated that, the undrained shear strength increases as the nylon fiber increases.

scholarly journals Strengthening Of Soft Soil Using Caboxymethyl Cellelouse Biopolymer

2022 ◽  
Vol 961 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
Teba A Abd ◽  
Mohammed Y Fattah ◽  
Mohammed F Aswad
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Recompression Index ◽  
Engineering Parameters ◽  
Optimum Water

Abstract The application of appropriate chemicals is a widely used strategy for soil stabilization. The drive of this study is to determine the possibility of using the biopolymer carboxymethyl cellulose as an environmentally acceptable soil stabilizer. In this work, Atterberge limits tests, specific gravity, compaction, and consolidation tests were used to determine the engineering parameters of soils treated with varying amounts of biopolymer. Additionally, changes in the morphological properties of the soft soils were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was estimated that as the soil’s biopolymer content increases, the specific gravity drops down, though the optimum water content (OMC) is extended. The outcomes showed diverse effects on Atterberg’s limits by cumulative the liquid limit(LL) and plasticity index (PI) though decreasing the plastic limit as the bio-polymer content increases. By the addition in polymer gratified, the combination boundaries (Solidity index Cc and recompression index Cr) decline.

scholarly journals Effects of High Plasticity and Expansive Clay Stabilization with Lime on UCS Testing in Several Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1000 (1000) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soewignjo Agus Nugroho ◽  
Gunawan Wibisono ◽  
Andarsin Ongko ◽  
Avrilly Zesthree Mauliza
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
High Water ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Expansive Clay ◽  
Limit Value

Clay is a cohesive and very soft soil if it has high water content. To overcome this problem, clay soils with high plasticity need to be stabilized. The method of soil stabilization with lime is an alternative effort to improve soil that does not meet the standards. Lime reacts with groundwater so that it changes the property of the soil, reducing the stickiness and softness of the soil. Lime also functions to solidify (stabilize) and stabilize (stabilize) soil in the form of fine powder consisting of metals and inorganic mineral composition. This study aims to determine the effect of clay soils when carried out stabilization by using a limestone additive which varies in levels of mixture. The results showed that lime effective for the stabilization high plasticity and expansive clay by increasing the compressive strength value of UCS with lime content of 10% under curing conditions in 28 days and unsoaked by 319%, the liquid limit value reduced by 6% and the plastic limit value increased by 46%.

scholarly journals Stabilization of black cotton soil using coconut fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.U. Arathi ◽  
K.M. Arhulya ◽  
V. Vinaya ◽  
P.V. Pooja ◽  
V.V. Athira
Keyword(s):  
Compression Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Unconfined Compression Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Loaded Structure ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Black cotton soil is a soil with low bearing capacity, swelling and shrinkage characteristics. Due to its peculiar characteristics, it forms a very poor foundation material. As black cotton soil is an expansive soil; it creates problem for lightly loaded structure than moderately loaded structure. Through this project, we are trying to study the improvements in the properties of soil by adding coconut fiber of varying percentages. Tests will be conducted to determine liquid limit and unconfined compression strength. Stabilization of soil is an effective method for improving the properties of soil. It has great significance in the future projects. Keywords: Soil stabilization, CBR, Atterberg limits

Experimental Investigation on the Microstructural Properties of Black Cotton Soil Stabilized with Cinder (Scoria) Fines and Class-C Fly Ash

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Biruk Ayehutsega ◽  
Eleyas Assefa ◽  
Costas Sachpazis
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Swell Index ◽  
Class C

Black cotton soil is one of the significant problematic soil for any civil or geotechnical engineering application in the whole world. In the past several decades, different experimental studies have been carried out on the stabilization of expansive soil and different types of stabilizers like lime, Portland cement, cement fly ash, and lime fly ash were used and applied in highway and others construction. However, those traditional stabilizers are not environmentally friendly thus further scientific study is needed to minimize the percentage of carbon-based stabilizers. The fact that Ethiopia encountered major engineering problems due to these problematic soils many researchers have been conducted a vital study using traditional stabilizers for several years however there is no significant study on the microstructural properties of stabilized black cotton soil. In this study, a scoria fines and class c fly ash are used at different blended groups, for each group, the stabilizer content ranges from 10 to 30%. The liquid limit and plasticity index of the soil has been decreased with the increasing content of class c fly ash (FA) and cinder fines (CF). Especially after the soil treated with 25% of class c fly ash and 25% of cinder fines, the liquid limit has decreased by 51.61% and, the plasticity index by 78.61%, linear shrinkage by 66.58%, and the free swell index decreased by 78.9%. The CBR and UCS value has increased by 86.2% and 83.9%, respectively, and CBR swell reduced by 61.2% with increasing stabilizer content. The microstructural properties of Raw black cotton soil and samples that are selected based on strength and index properties (BCS+FA3, BCS+CF3, BCS+CF+FA3) were observed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imagining device, and the result clearly shows the alteration in fabric and morphology of the sample. After treatment with class c fly ash and cinder fines, the laminated configuration of black cotton soil has changed to more flocculated and coherent mass. Also, the SEM image proves that cinder fines impart a mechanical bonding that forms well-developed floccules and a more porous nature. These types of particle arrangement and clay aggregation bring the improvement in index and strength properties.

A STUDY ON SOIL STABILIZATION USING FLY ASH

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Karthick ◽  
Ramkumar Thulasiram ◽  
S. Rajesh ◽  
M. Saravana Kumar ◽  
M. Thinakaranraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Soil Behavior ◽  
Swell Index ◽  
Variable Head ◽  
Free Swell

The objective of this paper is to determine the optimum fly ash content at which soil behavior is improved. Soil improvement is termed as soil stabilization. Soil stabilization depends on factors such as unconfined compression, cohesion, shear load, consolidation and permeability of soil and CBR value of soil. Fly ash is a thermal waste. Nearly half of the fly ash generated is not been used, hence usage of fly ash will reduce waste. Test conducted were sieve analysis, specific gravity, standard proctor compaction, unconfined compression, direct shear, free swell index, variable head permeability and consolidation for black cotton soil. Test also was conducted on soil replaced with fly ash in the level of 5%, 10% and 15%. Among the various replacement tried out, better results were observed for soil replaced with 10% of fly ash. Beyond the 10% level of replacement a reduction in performance was observed. Hence fly ash can be used for soil stabilization up to 10% replacement.

Characterization and Effective Utilization of Volcanic Ash for Soil Improvement

2012 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rifa’i ◽  
Noriyuki Yasufuku ◽  
Kiyoshi Omine
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Effective Utilization

Volcanic ash becomes environmental important issues as waste material if it is not effectively reduced or reused. In engineering practice, utilization of volcanic ash as substitution material is limited. Indonesia has a large road on soft soil and volcanic ash. The objectives of this paper are focused to study the characterization, classification and utilization of volcanic ash as soil stabilization material which give benefit in engineering practice and also be environmental friendly material. Engineering properties, mineral composition and soil mixture characteristics involve physical and mechanical properties are discussed. Result shows that the effect of addition of volcanic ash after curing time 14 days can improve the engineering properties of soft soil, decrease liquid limit, change curve of grain size distribution, increase bearing capacity, and decrease swelling potential. The soil-volcanic ash mixture with 35% of volcanic ash and 5% of lime is obtained as optimum mixture design. This result is still early stage and need further study.

scholarly journals Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil using Lime and G.G.B.S (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) as a Admixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2133-2136
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

Soil Stabilization is one of the modern techniques for modification of soil which are using in our daily life in construction. Due to increase in population land is also getting scarce so we need to build in the available area. So this technique we use is called Soil stabilization or modification of soil. As we know that some of the soils are not useful for construction. As a result while constructing pavements like national highways (NH) we should definitely build the pavement on soils like black cotton soil by improving its strength because the original nature of the soil will have poor bearing capacity and less strength. So by adding admixtures from Industrial wastes such as Ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBS) which is the waste of iron ore i.e., in powder form and Lime which will increase the bearing strength of the soil, So that it will also increase the pavement design over long period of time which is the ultimate goal for the design of the pavement or any other construction purpose. So by adding these admixture using the industrial waste which is available in a low cost so that we can easily improve the strength of the soil because of the availability of admixtures in economy. After adding the admixtures Soil should be tested by some basic tests of U.C.C (Unconfined Compressive Strength) and also California bearing test (CBR) and also some basic tests like MDD (Maximum Dry Density) & OMC (Optimum Moisture Content), Plasticity index and liquid limit etc.., should be carried out in order to test the improved strength of the soil.

scholarly journals “Enhancement of Bearing Properties of Black Cotton Soil by Optimal Blending Of Jute and Coir Fibres as a Reinforcement’’

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4172-4177
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Synthetic Material ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
Proctor Test

Soil stabilization is the process which involves enhancing the physical properties of the soil in order to improve its strength, durability etc. by blending or mixing with additives. The different types of method used for soil stabilization are: Soil stabilization with cement, Soil stabilization with lime, Soil stabilization using bitumen, Chemical stabilization and a new emerging technology of stabilization by Geo textiles and Geo synthetic fibres. In this study, we are making use of Jute and Coir fibre as geo synthetic material for stabilization of soil. With the introduction of Jute and Coir fibres to the soil the CBR values will improve and thickness of pavement layer also gets reduced. It also reduces the intensity of stress on subgrade. Jute and Coir fibres are such a geo synthetic material which is easily available, eco friendly and also cost-effective. With the application of soil stabilization method in construction the overall cost gets reduced when compared to the ordinary method of construction. To determine the Liquid limit using Casagrande Method, Plastic limit by rolling the sample to 3mm diameter thread, Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Dry Density using Standard Proctor Test, Unconfined compression test and also California Bearing Ratio by conducting CBR test.

scholarly journals Soil Stabilization using Geosynthetic Material (Steel Fibres)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 553-556
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Steel Fibers ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Synthetic Material ◽  
Cbr Test

Soil stabilization is the process which involves enhancing the physical properties of the soil in order to improve its strength, durability etc. by blending or mixing with additives. The different types of method used for soil stabilization are: Soil stabilization with cement, Soil stabilization with lime, Soil stabilization using bitumen, Chemical stabilization and a new emerging technology of stabilization by Geo textiles and Geo synthetic fibers. In this study, we are making use of Steel fibers as geo synthetic material for stabilization of soil. With the introduction of Steel fibers to the soil the CBR values will improve and thickness of pavement layer also gets reduced. It also reduces the intensity of stress on subgrade. Steel fibers is such a geosynthetic material which is effectively accessible, ecofriendly and furthermore savvy. With the use of soil adjustment strategy in development the general expense gets diminished when contrasted with the normal technique for development. The Highway Research Board (HRB) order of the dirt strata like dark cotton soil and sedu soil is finished utilizing appropriate examining system, for example, Core Cutter Method. To decide the attributes like Grading by Sieve Analysis, Atterbergs Limits i.e Liquid farthest point utilizing Cone Penetration Method and Casagrande Method, Plastic breaking point by rolling the example to 3mm breadth string, Shrinkage limit utilizing Shrinkage mechanical assembly, Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Dry Density utilizing Standard Proctor Test and furthermore California Bearing Ratio by leading CBR test. The pavement thickness was designed using pavement design catalogues published by IRC SP:20-2002. The estimation for the road is done by considering the item such as Jungle Cutting, Earthwork Excavation for Roadway and Drains, compacting and grading etc., as per SR 2016-17, PW, P and IWT circle Dharwad and suggestion of specification for the mixture of Steel fibers as Geo Synthetic material for stabilization using CBR value by CBR Test and Shear strength using Unconfined Compression Test. The different tests were conducted in order to determine the different characteristics and properties of the black cotton soil and obtained with following results. The liquid limit of the soil with addition of Steel fibers was found to be decreasing when compared to liquid limit of soil alone. The plastic furthest reaches of the dirt diminished with the expansion of filaments. The shrinkage furthest reaches of the dirt was expanded with increment in strands. The MDD of the dirt with expansion of Steel filaments by weight of soil is observed to increment upto 0.75% after that it diminishes and the comparing OMC is diminished with expansion of strands. The shear quality of soil diminished significantly with expansion of strands. The CBR estimation of the dirt expanded significantly. The distinctive tests were led so as to decide the diverse qualities and properties of the sedu soil and acquired with following outcomes. The fluid furthest reaches of the dirt alone was observed to be 36.5%. The MDD of the dirt with expansion of 0.25%, 0.5% Steel strands by weight of soil is observed to be diminished by 0.83% and 0.75% , 1.0% Steel filaments by weight of soil is observed to be expanded by 0.11 % and 16.98% separately and the relating OMC is diminished by 15.62%, 21.87% and 33.75% individually. The shear quality of the dirt with the expansion of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% of Steel strands is observed to be diminished by 38.57%, 38.57%, 35.25% and 5.85%. The CBR estimation of the dirt with expansion of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0%, Steel filaments by weight of soil is observed to be expanded. From the restricted research center investigation directed we reasoned that the 0.75% of Steel fiber can generously improve the properties of Black cotton soil. Furthermore, in this way 0.75% of Steel fiber is the ideal fiber content for dark cotton soil. The design thickness of flexible pavement before stabilization is obtained as 450mm and after stabilization is obtained as 250mm.The estimated cost for constructing flexible pavement before stabilization of soil is obtained as 4018050 Rs /Km and after stabilization of soil is obtained as 3721894Rs/Km. The estimated cost after stabilization is found to be decreased by 7.37%.

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