scholarly journals The Effect of Agitation Parameter on Hardness and Thickness of Decorative Nickel-Chrome Coating on A36 Steel using Electroplating Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Akmal Hanif Khairullah Harsito ◽  
Iis Siti Aisyah ◽  
Daryono Daryono ◽  
Ali Saifullah ◽  
Heni Hendaryati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hardness Test ◽  
Constant Voltage ◽  
Metal Coatings ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Chrome Coating ◽  
A36 Steel ◽  
Electroplating Process ◽  
Electrically Charged ◽  
Charged Ions ◽  
Chrome Electroplating

Electroplating is a process of settling substances (metal ions) on the electrodes (cathodes) using electrolysis. The occurrence of a precipitate in this process is due to the presence of electrically charged ions moving from an electrode through the electrolyte, the result of the electrolyte will seal on another electrode (cathode). During the process of deposition/deposit takes place a chemical reaction occurs at the electrode and electrolyte both reduction in a certain direction permanently, therefore it requires direct current and a constant voltage. Metal coatings commonly used are copper, nickel, chromium, and others. Electroplating is basically to coat the metal to make it look more attractive and protected from corrosion, and can increase the product's resistance to friction. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stirrer rpm variations on the thickness and thickness of the A36 steel layer in the decorative nickel-chrome electroplating process. 4 specimens in this study were 30x30x2 (mm). Nickel and chromium coatings have variations in the speed of 72, 102, 132, and 162 (rpm) with a time immersion of 22 minutes and with a temperature of 55-60 ° C. The results of this electroplating process were tested by Vickers's hardness test and observation of microstructure results. The results showed that the faster the rpm, the more hardness was obtained which increased and the thickness of the layer increased. The highest hardness and thickness values are found at a rotational speed of 132 rpm. With a hardness value of 77.5 VHN and a thickness value of 4.55 µm (Nickel) and 13.76 µm (Chrome).

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ELECTRIC FLOW ON DECORATIVE KROM ELECTROPLATING WITH COPPER BASE METAL TOWARD CORROSION RATE

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Ahmadi Ahmadi ◽  
Citra Ayu Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Copper Metal ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Copper Base ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
One Year ◽  
Electroplating Process ◽  
Chrome Electroplating

In this study a decorative chrome electroplating process has been carried out with a copper base metal, metal electroplating is often used as a means to provide a thin layer on the surface of other metals or substrates using metal which has advantages in terms of property and corrosion resistance. In decorative chrome electroplating nickel and chrome are used as coatings, nickel and chrome are used as coatings because of their protective and decorative properties, protective means they can prevent corrosion and decorative because they look shiny so they look attractive. Copper metal is chosen because of its huge application in the community. This study aims to measure the corrosion rate in copper metal after a decorative chrome electroplating process based on electric current used during the electroplating process. This research is important because during the electroplating process a decorative chrome electoplating technique will be obtained in the form of modules, and the module will be used to train students to increase their skills. This research was conducted in the IKIP Mataram chemical laboratory with a time of one year. The process carried out in this study sequentially is to prepare an electrolyte solution used for electroplating, preparing the copper base metal to be free of oxide or rust, nickel coating and finally coating with chrome. From the coating process carried out then the results will be analyzed the corrosion rate by immersion in NaCl solution at a concentration of 36.05 grams / L for 336 hours, based on variations in electric current used during the electroplating process of 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; and 2.5 Ampere, the corrosion rate results were 0.029; 0.013; 0.017; 0.022; and 0.012 mm / yr; while the copper metal which is not coated with a corrosion rate is 0.308 mm / yr. Thus it can be concluded that copper metal coated with nickel chrome will effectively resist the lowest rate of corrosion in the current given 2.5 Ampere.

scholarly journals Model of Nano-Metal Electroplating Process in Trapezoid Profile Groove

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Egorova ◽  
Victor Kosushkin ◽  
Leo Kozhitov
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Comsol Multiphysics ◽  
Metal Coatings ◽  
Electrodeposition Method ◽  
Trapezoidal Profile ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Electroplating Process

The principle of the electrodeposition method is to immerse the coated products in a water electrolyte solution, the main components of which are salts or other soluble compounds—metal coatings. The software COMSOL Multiphysics was allowed to perform a simulation of the processes of electrodeposition of the metals copper and silver in the groove of the trapezoidal profile.

scholarly journals Proses elektroplating nikel dengan variasi jarak anoda katoda dan tegangan listrik pada baja ST-41

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy Permadi ◽  
Asroni Asroni ◽  
Eko Budiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Metal Coating ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Nickel Sulphate ◽  
Constant Voltage ◽  
Adhesion Testing ◽  
Coated Surface ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Electroplating Process

Electroplating process is a coating process where the deposition of a thin metal coating occurs on a coated surface using direct current and constant voltage. The process of finishing metal products uses Nickel as a coating that serves to improve the properties of the metal so that it resists corrosion and attach importance to the appearance of the metal surface. The metal coating process is carried out by electroplating technique with Nickel which occurs as an anode, and electrolyte uses in this process contained Nickel Sulphate. This study aims to determine the effect of distance variations and electrical pressure on layer thickness and adhesive strength. Anode Material coated with ST-41 Steel Plate with dimensions of 70 x 25 x 20 mm. While the cathode uses nickel (Ni) with dimensions of 10 x 20 x 20 mm. Cathode distance variations with anodes 5, 10, and 15 cm and electrical voltage variations of 3.5 Volts, 5 Volts, and 7.5 Volts. Bath time of 40 minutes and adhesion testing using the Posi Test AT-M Adhesion Tester. The results obtained from this study are the distance of the cathode with the best anode found at a distance of 5 cm and a voltage of 7.5 volts with a thickness of 0.0160 mm. Then the best voltage is at 7.5 Volts with a sticky strength value of> 21.53 MPa.Keywords: Electroplating, Nickel, Anode, Cathode, ST-41 Steel.

The Effect of Current Densities in Zinc Electroplating Process on Mild Steel for Soil Water Environment Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.F. Zainal ◽  
N.S.Md. Rahim ◽  
R. Wardan
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Road Sign ◽  
Zinc Plating ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Electroplating Process ◽  
The Cost

For more environmental friendly study, commonly undesired natural process which is corrosion will present. Thus, in this century there is a serious effort in ongoing analysis in order to prevent this phenomenon occurring. The challenge of corrosion in manufacturing and domestic sector is enormous. Thus, corrosion can be defined as the deterioration and destruction of a material because of reaction with the environment. Replacing a corroded pipeline can cost about $643,000 per kilometer. The application of the traffic sign or a road sign that embedded in soil usually can withstand for two to three years until it will corrode and then fracture. The main objectives of this study is to increase the protection on the surface of the materials towards corrosion and to improve the appearance of the product or serves as an effective undercoat for paints which can reduce the cost of using expensive material by using the other method; electroplating process. The samples were plated with zinc at 2, 4 and 6 A/dm2 for 20 minutes for every sample. Then, the samples were immersed in the artificial soil solution for 30 days, then the testing to measure the corrosion rate, phase analysis, morphological analysis and hardness test were conducted. From all the tests, sample with 6 A/dm2 got the best results with 5.2059 mpy and 80.6 HV hardness strength. It is because by increasing the current density, the thickness will then increase the zinc plating will not easily peel off and attack by corrosive agent.

scholarly journals Influencia De La Adición De Cobre En La Corrosión Del Cromado Metálico Para Aplicaciones En La Industria Automotríz

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Mario Alcides Lara Núñez ◽  
Segundo Manuel Espín Lago ◽  
Gonzalo Eduardo López Villacis ◽  
Jorge Patricio Guamanquispe Toasa ◽  
Jorge Isaías Caicedo Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Metal Coatings ◽  
Metallic Chromium ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Optimum Parameters

At present the use of metal coatings in the automotive industry is a priority so the present research had the objective of conducting studies of metallic chromium on surfaces of rings for buses applying national and international standards. The parameters of the coating process (time, temperature and voltage) are varied to check its incidence in corrosion by checking properties such as adhesion, hardness and layer thickness. It was determined that the optimum parameters for a nickel-chromium process are 60 min, 400 C and 7V, but with low corrosion resistance, so that an alternate coating was developed to add an alkaline copper layer, obtaining three layers, copper- nickel-chromium, thereby increasing corrosion resistance.

scholarly journals PENGARUH ENERGI AKTIVASI LOGAM PELAPIS TERHADAP KETEBALAN DAN LAJU KOROSI PLATING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Noor Setyo HD ◽  
Sri Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Current Strength ◽  
Nickel Layer ◽  
Chromium Layer ◽  
Chromium Plating ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Energy Gradient ◽  
Electrolyte Mixture ◽  
Electroplating Process

This study aims to study the effect of the activation energy gradient (∆G) of metals on the thickness and corrosion rate of Ni layers; Cr, and Ni-Cr. The layer is obtained through the Ni electroplating process; Cr, and Ni-Cr in carbon steel specimens using a variation of current strength of 1.25; 1.5 and 1.75 Ampere at constant stress and coating time (15 minutes). Nickel plating is obtained in the electric layer process using a watt's bath electrolyte solution in a mixture of 150 g / l NiSO4, 30 g / l NH4Cl, 30 g / l H3BO3 with a temperature of 25-35 oC, pH around 4-6, air agitation, Chromium plating using anode in the form of an alloy of Pb (lead) and Sn (antimony) rods, a solution in the form of an electrolyte mixture of 300 g / l CrO3, 3 g / l H2SO4 in working temperature of 40–55 oC, pH around 0.4 - 0.5 and air agitation. Corrosion thickness was observed using an optical microscope at 200 X magnification while the corrosion rate of observation was carried out based on the method of resistance polarization in the medium of 0.9% Sodium Chlorid Solution. The results showed that, in the same treatment, the thickness of the layer increased in increasing current strength, slower chromium than nickel layer and Nickel-Chromium layer. Sequential thickness of layers is obtained for Ni: 51, Cr: 39 layers, while corrosion rates occur at 1.75 A current in nickel layer 0.0017 mm / year; Chromium layer, 0.0077 mm /year and Nickel-Chromium layer 0.0231 mm / year

Formation of residual stresses during the restoration of parts by chrome electroplating

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
S. V. Malysh ◽  
I. M. Kovenskiy ◽  
L. Z. Chaugarova
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Crystal Lattice ◽  
Tensile Stresses ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Steel Base ◽  
Chrome Coating ◽  
Compressive Residual Stresses ◽  
Chrome Electroplating

As the title implies the influence of the electrolysis on the nature and magnitude of residual stresses in the steel base and the chrome coating during restoration of parts has been considered. It has been shown that with an increase in compressive stresses on the surface, a decrease in tensile stresses in the chromium deposit and transition of tensile stresses to compressive ones near the boundary of the base are observed. A correlation between the parameters of the crystal lattice of electroplated chromium and the steel base has been established. The values of the tensile residual stresses in the chromium deposit decrease with increasing the compressive residual stresses in the base.

scholarly journals The Effects of Transient Temperature around Welds on Mechanical Properties of A36 Steel Plate

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jufri
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
A36 Steel ◽  
Thermal Tensioning

There are various ways for welding experts to improve their production quality, and one of which is by designing a particular type of welding tool. Besides aiming to replace the function of operator’s body parts, the tool is also able to control buckling distortions, crack propagations, and stress voltage, as well as to save an additional work, which is the heat treatment after welding process. The best method to control buckling distortions from the thin plate is by applying pre-heating and thermal tensioning. Thermal tensioning is the characterization by heat application during welding process. Transient thermal tensioning is a supporting tool around the weld which is given periodical heat by following the movement of arc welding. The purpose of this research was to minimize distortions and maximize the performance (mechanical properties) of welding joints shaped due to the transient temperature application during the welding process. The method employed in this research was experiment by using A36 steel plate with transient temperature variation of 100, 200, and 300oC, with velocity of 8 mm/s and heater (toutch) distance of 4, 6, and 8 cm. In this research, the researcher conducted tensile-strength test according to the JIS G 3101 standard and hardness test around weld, HAZ (Heat Affected Zone), and parent metal.The findings showed that the change of transient temperature and heater distance affected the mechanical properties (hardness and tensile strength) of A36 steel. The highest level of hardness was obtained in the temperature of 200°C and heater distance of 6 cm, which was as much as 404 VHN. The highest level of tensile strength was obtained in the temperature of 200°C and heater distance variation of 8 cm with yield stress of 302 Mpa and maximum tensile strength of as much as 491 Mpa.

Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg M. Anderson ◽  
David A. Crerar
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Basic Approach ◽  
Electrically Charged ◽  
Charged Ions

In dealing with the thermodynamic properties of ions we have one difficulty in addition to those encountered in dealing with compounds and elements. For compounds and elements we found that although we could measure absolute values for some properties, others such as enthalpy and the other energy terms contained an undetermined constant. We got around this by using the concept of "formation from the elements." It would of course be very convenient to also have thermodynamic properties of individual ions, but because positively and negatively charged ions cannot be separated from each other to any significant extent, their individual properties cannot be measured. To get around this, we need an additional convention, while retaining the formation from the elements convention. In addition we have certain problems in dealing with the activities and activity coefficients of electrolytes and individual ions. In the following section we discuss the problems of activities of ionic species. We follow the presentation of Klotz (1964), and include the HC1 example used by Pitzer and Brewer (1961), and an expanded consideration of the choice of solute components. Following that we discuss the conventions used to obtain numerical values for the state variables of individual ions. We begin by demonstrating that the basic approach is not arbitrarily chosen by chemists with a view to confusing students, nor is it dictated by the electrically charged nature of ions. It is dictated by the algebraic consequence of the fact that when neutral solute molecules dissociate into charged particles, the number of solute particles is increased. For example, when one mole of the undissociated solute AB(aq), which can be treated using Henry's Law, Raoult's Law, and the rest of the equations developed in previous chapters, becomes instead one mole of A(aq) plus one mole of B(aq), certain consequences develop that have nothing to do with whether A(aq) and B(aq) are electrically charged or not.

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