scholarly journals PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH KOTA TERSELEKSI MENJADI REFUSED DERIVED FUEL SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR PADAT ALTERNATIF

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
DWI ARIES HIMAWANTO ◽  
R. DHIMAS DHEWANGGA P ◽  
HARWIN SAPTOADI ◽  
TRI AGUNG ROHMAT ◽  
INDARTO INDARTO
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Organic Component ◽  
Combustion Characteristic ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Sample Heating ◽  
Renewable Feedstock

Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) has great potential as a clean, renewable feedstock for producing modern energy carriers through thermochemical, called pyrolyis, and densification processes to form a Refused Derived Fuels (RDF), i.e MSW char briquette. In this article, thermogravimetry analysis has done to analyzed combustion characteristic of MSW briquette dan MSW char briquette. The sample in this research is 70 % wt MSW organic component 30 % wt MSW non organic component. . The 20 gram sample is placed in the furnace whose temperature is increased 10 0C/min and until sample temperature reaches 400 0C and held for 30 minutes before the sample is cooled into room temperature. 100 ml/min nitrogen is introduced from the bottom of furnace as a swept gas.. The formed char is densified and then characterized in a self manufactured macro balance, adopted from Swithenbank et al.. The 3 gram sample is placed in the furnace whose temperature is increased wih the selected heating rate until sample mass nearly constant.The results of the research showed that the effect of pyrolysis give the increase of sample heating value and give the lower ignition temperature of char briquette combustion.

scholarly journals Crystalline forms of silver iodide II: Determination of phase transformations

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 857-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Vukic ◽  
Dragan Veselinovic ◽  
Vesna Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Silver Iodide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sample Heating ◽  
Crystalline Forms

In order to obtain appropriate forms of AgI (?- and ?-), a procedure was developed to synthesize AgI at room temperature (23?C), whereby samples of varying crystallographic purity and of varying crystallographic contents of the different forms were obtained. This paper presents the results of investigations of the influence of the manner of preparation of ?-AgI and ?-AgI samples and the sample heating rate on the phase transformations and their temperatures. During the heating of non-ground, ground and pressed synthesized AgI samples, the phase transformations and the corresponding temperatures for one ?-AgI and four ?-AgI samples with different ?-AgI contents (representing a crystallographic impurity) were identified. The following phase transformations were observed for the non-ground AgI samples: ?-AgI ? ?-AgI at 149.6?C (for the ?-AgI sample) and ?-AgI ? ?-AgI at 148.7?C or 148.2?C for the ?-AgI samples with a minimum content of ?-AgI (less than 7 %), as a crystallographic impurity. The phase transition ?-AgI ? ?-AgI was irreversible because ?-AgI was obtained whenever the samples were heated up to 260?C. Manual sample grinding, as well as pressing at p1 = 650 MPa and p2 = 900 MPa resulted in the ?-AgI ? ?-AgI phase transition in all the investigated cases. .

Combining Anaerobic Digestion and Waste-to-Energy

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karena M. Ostrem ◽  
Karsten Millrath ◽  
Nickolas J. Themelis
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Natural Organic Compounds ◽  
Further Development

A large fraction of the municipal solid wastes (MSW) stream in the U.S. comprises of natural organic compounds (i.e., food and plant wastes) with high moisture content and low heating value. While these properties are undesirable during the combustion of MSW in waste-to-energy (WTE) plants, they are required for anaerobic digestion (AD). During AD, methane gas is produced that can be captured and used for energy generation. The required long residence times limit the throughput of an AD plant but further development may result in increasing the rates of bioreactions. This paper introduces current AD practices and identifies possible synergies between AD and WTE. It is suggested that co-siting of WTE and AD facilities may result in mutual benefits.

Pyrolysis of Solid Waste by Thermogravimetric Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Xue Gang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Tg Analysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Characteristics ◽  
Industry Wastewater

Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis was used to study and compare the pyrolysis of the solid residues of pulping black liquor, turmeric industry wastewater, and rice stalk. The results showed that the higher heating value of the solid residues of turmeric industry wastewater and pulping black liquor, rice stalk were 15165.54, 10226.36, 16849.73 kJ/kg respectively. The decompose process of solid residues of turmeric industry wastewater and rice stalk were all concentrated in the 200 °C to 400 °C, while the solid residues of the pulping black liquor was from 200 °C to 600 °C. The DTGmax of solid residues of turmeric industry water was 14.95%•min-1 at 353.1 °C when heating rate at 50 °C min-1, and that of rice stalk was 41.85 %•min-1 at 338.4 °C, the solid residues of pulping black liquor pyrolysis peak was 30.35 %•min-1 at 870.3 °C. The study offered pyrolysis characteristics statistics about solid residues of pulping black liquor and turmeric industry wastewater, rice stalk to obtained valuable information about these solid wastes for fuel that can be potentially generated by pyrolysis.

Experimental Measurement and Prediction of Heating Values of Municipal Solid Waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 867 ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang Chen ◽  
Zuan Tian ◽  
Jian Ping Ding
Keyword(s):  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
West China ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Method ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating

The weight percentage of food waste, plastics and rubber, paper, textile, weed and wood, and leather were measured for dry-base municipal solid wastes in a city of west China respectively. The dry higher heating value, wet higher heating value, and wet lower heating value of municipal solid wastes were also measured respectively. Based on the measured physical compositions data of wastes, three models were developed to predict three kinds of heating values respectively by the multiple linear regression method. The prediction results were compared with three predictive models from different regions in the world, and the predictive results of the developed models are the most accurate.

Forecasting the byproducts generated by hydrothermal carbonisation of municipal solid wastes

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousheng Lin ◽  
Xiaoqian Ma ◽  
Xiaowei Peng ◽  
Zhaosheng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Product Distribution ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Reaction Region ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonisation ◽  
Reaction Severity

The influences of temperature and residence times on the conversion and product distribution during hydrothermal carbonisation of municipal solid wastes were investigated. Analysis of variance and reaction severity were used to comprehensively analyse the experimental results. Analysis results showed both reaction temperature and residence time had varying degrees of impact on production distribution and hydrochars characteristic, while the effect of combine temperature and time was negligible. It is novel to find that the products yield was a linear function of the logarithm of the reaction ordinate. Base on comprehensive consideration, 240 °C to 260 °C and 50 min to 60 min would be the optimised reaction region to achieve relatively better economic benefits for hydrothermal carbonisation of municipal solid waste. By employing the analysis results and estimated models of high heating value and solid yield established in this article, predicting the product characteristics that have not been explored experimentally become possible.

CLEAN UTILIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS DERIVED FROM IT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
Alexander Topal ◽  
◽  
Iryna Holenko ◽  
Luidmyla Haponych ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Clean Technologies

For the municipal solid waste (MSW) to be used in a proper way, it is necessary to implement clean technologies capable of thermal treatment of MSW and RDF in order to produce heat and electricity while meeting current ecological requirements. Nowadays, a number of technologies for MSW/RDF thermal treating are being used worldwide. Among them, the most proven technologies, applicable for industrial introduction, have been considered while analyzing their advantages/ disadvantages accounting for local conditions of Ukraine.

Influence of heating rate and degree of oxidation on the ignition temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
D.V. Miroshnichenko ◽  
V.Yu. Kramarenko ◽  
I.V. Shulga ◽  
Yu.S. Kaftan ◽  
N.A Desna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Degree Of Oxidation

Conditioning of oily sludges with municipal solid wastes incinerator fly ash

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tay Joo Hwa ◽  
S. Jeyaseelan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
Optimum Dosage

Conditioning of sludges improves dewatering characteristics and reduces the quantity of sludge to be handled. Anaerobic digested sludge collected from a sewage treatment plant contained 1.8% to 8% oil. The increase of specific resistance and capillary suction time (CST) with increasing oil content observed in these samples indicates the interference of oil in dewatering. It has been found that addition of municipal solid wastes incinerator fly ash decreases the specific resistances and capillary suction times of oily sludges rapidly up to 3% dosage. Beyond 3% fly ash, the decrease is less significant and the solids content in the sludge cake increases. This optimum dosage remains the same for sludges with varying oil contents from 1.8% to 12%. The total suspended solids of filtrate decreases with fly ash dosage but the toxic concentrations of heavy metals increases considerably. However at the optimum dosage of 3%, concentrations of heavy metals are within the limits for discharging into the sewers. The correlations of CST with the dewatering characteristics such as specific resistance, filter yield and corrected filter yield are established. These correlations can be used to obtain a quick prediction on dewaterability.

scholarly journals First experimental evidence of the piezoelectric nature of struvite

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Prywer ◽  
Rafał Kruszyński ◽  
Marcin Świątkowski ◽  
Andrzej Soszyński ◽  
Dariusz Kajewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Transformation Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Piezoelectric Coefficient ◽  
Piezoelectric Properties ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Gel Growth ◽  
Growth Technique

AbstractIn this paper, we present the first experimental evidence of the piezoelectric nature of struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O). Using a single diffusion gel growth technique, we have grown struvite crystals in the form of plane parallel plates. For struvite crystals of this shape, we measured the piezoelectric coefficients d33 and d32. We have found that at room temperature the value of piezoelectric coefficient d33 is 3.5 pm/V, while that of d32 is 4.7 pm/V. These values are comparable with the values for other minerals. Struvite shows stable piezoelectric properties up to the temperature slightly above 350 K, for the heating rate of 0.4 K/min. For this heating rate, and above this temperature, the thermal decomposition of struvite begins, which, consequently, leads to its transformation into dittmarite with the same non-centrosymmetric symmetry as in case of struvite. The struvite-dittmarite transformation temperature is dependent on the heating rate. The higher the heating rate, the higher the temperature of this transformation. We have also shown that dittmarite, like struvite exhibits piezoelectric properties.

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