scholarly journals O MÉTODO REGRESSIVO-PROGRESSIVO COMO POSSIBILIDADE PARA OS ESTUDOS DAS CIDADES MÉDIAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 110-125
Author(s):  
Samarane Fonseca de Souza Barros
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Urban Geography ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Rural Sociology ◽  
Progressive Method ◽  
Henri Lefebvre ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social

Na atual realidade urbana brasileira, muito se tem discutido sobre o papel das cidades médias nas regiões e redes urbanas as quais estão alocadas. Ao considerar as cidades médias para além de seu porte demográfico, nota-se uma multiplicidade em suas funções e temporalidades distintas que coexistem, bem como uma série de pares analíticos e dialéticos inerentes ao seu cotidiano. Para isto, propõe com o presente trabalho a análise do método regressivo-progressivo do filósofo Henri Lefebvre como possibilidade para o estudo das cidades médias. Apesar do método ter sido lançado, à priori, como investigação da sociologia rural, outras camadas das ciências sociais vêm se apropriando dele, inclusive a Geografia Urbana. Palavras-chave: Henri Lefebvre. Método regressivo-progressivo. Cidades médias.   THE REGRESSIVE-PROGRESSIVE METHOD LIKE A POSSIBILITY TO STUDIES OF SIZED-MEDIUM CITIES ABSTRACT In the current brazilian urban reality, much has been discussed about the function of medium-sized cities in the regions and urban networks that are allocated. In considering medium-sized cities beyond their demographic size, there is a multiplicity in their distinct functions and temporalities that coexist, as well as a series of analytical and dialectical pairs in their daily lives. For this, it proposes with the present work the analysis of the regressive-progressive method of the philosopher Henri Lefebvre as a possibility for the study of the medium-sized e cities. Although the method has been launched, first, as an investigation of rural sociology, other layers of the social sciences have been appropriating it, including Urban Geography.  Key Words: Henri Lefebvre. Regressive-progressive method. Medium-sized cities.   EL MÉTODO REGRESSIVO-PROGRESIVO COMO POSIBILIDAD PARA LOS ESTUDIOS DE LAS CIUDADES MEDIAS RESUMEN En la actual realidad urbana brasileña, mucho se ha discutido sobre el papel de las ciudades medias en las regiones y redes urbanas a las que están asignadas. Al considerar las ciudades medias más allá de su tamaño demográfico, se nota una multiplicidad en sus funciones y temporalidades distintas que coexisten, así como una serie de pares analíticos y dialécticos inherentes a su cotidiano. Para ello, propone con el presente trabajo el análisis del método regresivo-progresivo del filósofo Henri Lefebvre como posibilidad para el estudio de las ciudades medias. A pesar de que el método fue lanzado, a priori, como investigación de la sociología rural, otras capas de las ciencias sociales se vienen apropiando de él, incluso la Geografía Urbana. Palabras clave: Henri Lefebvre. Método regressivo-progressivo. Ciudades medias.

A Phenomenology of Rhythm

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lexi Eikelboom
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Henri Lefebvre ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analytical Importance ◽  
Jazz Performance

This chapter proposes a framework for approaching the theological significance of rhythm through phenomenology, prosody, and the social sciences. In accordance with the general categories of phenomenology established by Merleau-Ponty and the “rhythmanalysis” of Henri Lefebvre, the chapter investigates two experiences of rhythm: approaches to analysing the human encounter with rhythm in the reading of poetry and the role of rhythm in social interactions introduced through commonalities between rhythm in conversation and in jazz performance. These explorations establish two features of rhythm that are of analytical importance for the chapters that follow: (1) the synchronic and the diachronic as two necessary but distinct theoretical perspectives on rhythm, each of which emphasizes different features of rhythm and (2) the importance of interruption for understanding rhythm’s significance.

Composable Markov processes

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Schweder
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Markov Process ◽  
Markov Processes ◽  
Infinitesimal Generator ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Social

Many phenomena studied in the social sciences and elsewhere are complexes of more or less independent characteristics which develop simultaneously. Such phenomena may often be realistically described by time-continuous finite Markov processes. In order to define such a model which will take care of all the relevant a priori information, there ought to be a way of defining a Markov process as a vector of components representing the various characteristics constituting the phenomenon such that the dependences between the characteristics are represented by explicit requirements on the Markov process, preferably on its infinitesimal generator.

Opinions of Geography and Social Sciences Student-Teachers on the Concepts of Urbanization and Urbanizing

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-373
Author(s):  
Caner Aladağ
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Urban Geography ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Geography Teaching ◽  
Word Association Test ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
The Social

Objective of the study is to determine the opinions of university students on urbanization and urbanizing (urbanizing can also be defined as “becoming urbanized,” “urban culture,” or “urban adaptation” and will be used with these meanings throughout the study) and their misconceptions on this subject. Data of the research were obtained from the free word association test applied to 74 fourth- and fifth-grade students from the geography teaching department who took the course of urban geography and 67 students from the social sciences teaching department who took the four lessons in which the subjects of urbanization and urbanizing were told by the researcher. Data obtained from the study were classified and categorized according to their semantic relationships by researcher. When categories examined, it is seen that students cannot distinguish the concepts of urbanization and urbanizing thoroughly and they include almost the same statements. This result shows that there are a lot of misconceptions. Although some student-teachers took the course of urban geography and others were presented about the subject briefly, it is difficult to capture a conceptual integrity in perception. Students mostly confuse the concepts of urbanization and urbanizing. In fact they are not even at the cognitive level needed for distinguishing the concepts of urban, urbanize and urbanization. Statements that they wrote about the concepts of urbanization and urbanizing resemble and these statements define the urban more.

Positivism in the social sciences

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Kincaid
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Social Research ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Methodological Individualism ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Social Convention ◽  
The Social

Positivism originated from separate movements in nineteenth-century social science and early twentieth-century philosophy. Key positivist ideas were that philosophy should be scientific, that metaphysical speculations are meaningless, that there is a universal and a priori scientific method, that a main function of philosophy is to analyse that method, that this basic scientific method is the same in both the natural and social sciences, that the various sciences should be reducible to physics, and that the theoretical parts of good science must be translatable into statements about observations. In the social sciences and the philosophy of the social sciences, positivism has supported the emphasis on quantitative data and precisely formulated theories, the doctrines of behaviourism, operationalism and methodological individualism, the doubts among philosophers that meaning and interpretation can be scientifically adequate, and an approach to the philosophy of social science that focuses on conceptual analysis rather than on the actual practice of social research. Influential criticisms have denied that scientific method is a priori or universal, that theories can or must be translatable into observational terms, and that reduction to physics is the way to unify the sciences. These criticisms have undercut the motivations for behaviourism and methodological individualism in the social sciences. They have also led many to conclude, somewhat implausibly, that any standards of good social science are merely matters of rhetorical persuasion and social convention.

Composable Markov processes

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 400-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Schweder
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Markov Process ◽  
Markov Processes ◽  
Infinitesimal Generator ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Social

Many phenomena studied in the social sciences and elsewhere are complexes of more or less independent characteristics which develop simultaneously. Such phenomena may often be realistically described by time-continuous finite Markov processes. In order to define such a model which will take care of all the relevant a priori information, there ought to be a way of defining a Markov process as a vector of components representing the various characteristics constituting the phenomenon such that the dependences between the characteristics are represented by explicit requirements on the Markov process, preferably on its infinitesimal generator.

Urban Railways in Buenos Aires

Transfers ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Benjamin Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Urban Geography ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Film Analysis ◽  
Henri Lefebvre ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Transportation Studies

Mixing transportation studies, film analysis, and urban geography, this article looks at El tren blanco (The white train), a documentary film from 2003 by directors Nahuel García, Sheila Pérez Giménez, and Ramiro García. In light of work by train theorist Wolfgang Schivelbusch and urban geographer Henri Lefebvre, the documentary's interviews with cartoneros—cardboard workers who ride daily into central Buenos Aires to pick up recyclable goods—speak to the alienation and spatialization of class that characterize the contemporary urban experience. Following an urban cultural studies approach, attention is balanced between the social context of Buenos Aires itself and the film as an item of aesthetic value. In the end, it is important to pay attention both to the train car as a space in itself and to the historical and contemporary positioning of the train in larger-scale urban shifts.

scholarly journals ¿Es posible la mano invisible?

2019 ◽  
pp. 213-247
Author(s):  
Martín Krause
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Invisible

One of the main contributions of economics to the social sciences, expressed in the famous metaphor of the “invisible hand”, ended up being questioned by a good part of the economists. Based on the assumption of an individual maximizer of monetary utility, the social cooperation in which it con- sists failed, and it was not possible to expect it to succeed. However, recent developments in various areas have provided new elements in favor of its pos- sibility, its sustainability over time, and its extension to larger groups. In this work we will consider the recent contributions related to this topic in Game The- ory, Experimental Economics, Evolutionary Psychology and the analysis of his- torical cases that help to elucidate the theory and confirm its concepts. It will be considered how these areas of the social sciences have contributed with new elements to the understanding of social cooperation and voluntary actions. It concludes by stating that the invisible hand failure should, at least, be ques- tioned, and that there is still a large field to be developed in the analysis of these spontaneous orders, although there have been great contributions in recent decades. Keywords: Invisible hand, social cooperation, Game Theory, Experimental Eco- nomics, Evolutionary Psychology JEL classification: A12, C71, C92, D71, D91, H41 Resumen: Una de las principales contribuciones de la economía a las ciencias sociales, expresada en la famosa metáfora de la “mano invisible”, terminó siendo cuestionada por buena parte de los economistas. En base al supuesto de un individuo maximizador de utilidad monetaria, la cooperación social en que ésta consiste fracasaba, no era posible esperar que tuviera éxito. No obstante, recientes desarrollos en diversas áreas han brindado nuevos elemen- tos en favor de la misma, su posibilidad, su sostenibilidad en el tiempo, su extensión a grupos de mayor tamaño. En este trabajo consideraremos las con- tribuciones recientes relacionadas con este tema en Teoría de los Juegos, Economía Experimental, Psicología Evolutiva y el análisis de casos históricos que contribuyen a dilucidar la teoría y confirmar sus conceptos. Se considerará cómo estas áreas de las ciencias sociales aportan nuevos elementos para la comprensión de la cooperación social y las acciones voluntarias. Se concluye planteando que su fracaso debería, al menos, ser puesto en duda, y que hay un gran campo a desarrollar todavía en el análisis de esos órdenes espontá- neos, aunque ha habido grandes contribuciones en las últimas décadas. Palabras clave: Mano invisible, cooperación social, teoría de juegos, economía experimental, psicología evolutiva Clasificación JEL: A12, C71, C92, D71, D91, H41

scholarly journals The Rising Salience of the Absent: An Interactionist Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Hillyard
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Rural Sociology ◽  
Theory Method ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Rural Studies ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social

The paper uses examples from rural studies to demonstrate the relevance of symbolic interactionism for unlocking the complexity of contemporary society. It does so by making a case for a nonprescriptive theory-method dialectic. Case examples are drawn upon in support of the argumentation, including early interactionism and ethnographic work in the United Kingdom, and, in the second half of the paper, rural sociology and fieldwork. The main argument presented is that the traditional remit of interactionism should be extended to recognize how absence is increasingly influential. It concludes that interactionism is in tune with other new trajectories in the social sciences that take into consideration co-presence proximity both on and off-line.

Esbozo sobre el método de las Ciencias Sociales, con especial referencia a la economía. Una aproximación desde la doctrina de la Escuela Austriaca

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-195
Author(s):  
Sagar Hernández Chuliá
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

In this article we justify epistemologically the methods of social scien-ce based on certain contributions from the austrian school of economics (but not only). To do this, we start from the knowledge of agents in the world of everyday life, we differentiate between it and the scientific knowledge, we distinguish the fields of the physical and natural sciences and of human scien-ces, we argue that the social sciences should be considered as a specific form of human sciences and we define economics as a science of human action that takes place in the presence of significant monetary prices for agents. In addi-tion, we define the fields of economic theory, based on the conception method and operated through imaginary constructions, and economic history, which uses the understanding method and ideal types. Keywords: gnoseology, epistemology, methodology, social sciences, econo-mics. JEL Codes: B40 B41 B53 Resumen: En este artículo pretendemos fundamentar epistemológicamente los métodos propios de las ciencias sociales basándonos en ciertas aportaciones procedentes de la escuela austriaca de economía (aunque no sólo). Para ello, partimos del conocimiento de los agentes en el mundo de la vida cotidiana, diferenciamos entre éste y el conocimiento científico, distinguimos los campos de investigación propios de las ciencias físico-naturales y de las ciencias huma-nas, defendemos que las ciencias sociales deben ser consideradas como una forma específica de las ciencias humanas y definimos la economía como una ciencia que estudia la acción humana que se desarrolla en presencia de pre-cios monetarios significativos para los agentes. Además, delimitamos los cam-pos de la teoría económica, basada en el método de la concepción y que opera mediante construcciones imaginarias, e historia económica, que se vale del método de la comprensión y de los tipos ideales. Palabras clave: gnoseología, epistemología, metodología, ciencias sociales, economía. Clasificación JEL: B40 B41 B53

Rural Sociology: Some Inter-American Aspects

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowry Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
United States ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rural Sociology ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Land Fragmentation ◽  
The Social

Rural sociology had its origin and growth as an academic discipline in the United States. The other social sciences—including general sociology, economics, political science, anthropology and historiography—were mainly imported from Europe and the British Isles. Rural sociology, however, was a United States “export” both to Europe and to Latin America.This inverse process of diffusion deserves a brief explanation. Why did Rural sociology not originate in Europe? And, conversely, why did it take root in the United States? To answer the first question we may cite the following factors:1.During the latter part of the nineteenth century when the social conditions of rural people in the United States were critical, Europe was relatively stable. The peasant revolts of the earlier centuries had faded into history, feudalism, in its worst features at least, was no more. There were still agrarian problems, of course, including land fragmentation, but they were not serious enough to cause widespread unrest. Moreover, the restless ones were free to migrate to the New World. Europe, in short, was in the happy condition of being able to export its “problem” mainly to the United States.

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