PHARMACEUTICAL ASPECTS OF SHUNTHYAADI GHRITA AND ITS ANALYTICAL IMPORTANCE IN SNEHA KALPANA

Ayurveda being the oldest science, comprising ample of medicines for various disease & Disorders. Propagating this holy science scientifically to an international platform is the times need. Shunthyaadi Ghrita is a unique Sneha Kalpana indicated specifically in Kshavathu Roga in the form of Nasya. Even though Shunthyaadi Ghrita is effective to date no research work has been carried out. Shunthyaadi Ghrita contains Shunthi, Kushta, Kana, Bilva and Draksha processed as per the Standard operative procedure of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India for ghee preparation. The main aim of the present study is to prepare Shunthyaadi Ghrita as directed in the classics & qualitative & quantitative Physico-chemical Analysis of Shunthyaadi Ghrita. The results obtained will be the ref- erence standards and can also be used for future studies on Shunthyaadi Ghrita standardisation. Keywords: Shunthyaadi Grita, Ghrita Murchana, Sneha Kalpana, Physico-Chemical Analysis, HPTLC.

Synthesis, Catalytic Properties and Application in Biosensorics of Nanozymes and Electronanocatalysts: A Review

The current review is devoted to nanozymes, i.e., nanostructured artificial enzymes which mimic the catalytic properties of natural enzymes. Use of the term “nanozyme” in the literature as indicating an enzyme is not always justified. For example, it is used inappropriately for nanomaterials bound with electrodes that possess catalytic activity only when applying an electric potential. If the enzyme-like activity of such a material is not proven in solution (without applying the potential), such a catalyst should be named an “electronanocatalyst”, not a nanozyme. This paper presents a review of the classification of the nanozymes, their advantages vs. natural enzymes, and potential practical applications. Special attention is paid to nanozyme synthesis methods (hydrothermal and solvothermal, chemical reduction, sol-gel method, co-precipitation, polymerization/polycondensation, electrochemical deposition). The catalytic performance of nanozymes is characterized, a critical point of view on catalytic parameters of nanozymes described in scientific papers is presented and typical mistakes are analyzed. The central part of the review relates to characterization of nanozymes which mimic natural enzymes with analytical importance (“nanoperoxidase”, “nanooxidases”, “nanolaccase”) and their use in the construction of electro-chemical (bio)sensors (“nanosensors”).

THE 50 MOST CITED ARTICLES IN THE BRAZILIAN MEDICAL LITERATURE ON KNEE SURGERY

ABSTRACT Objective: To provide an analysis of the 50 most cited articles on knee surgery in the Brazilian medical literature. Methods: This is a study of systematic review and meta-analysis, level of evidence 3. It was carried out through search in the SCOPUS database to identify scientific articles published in the Brazilian medical literature. Eighty-six Brazilian journals were analyzed, and articles with ten or more citations and which had the word “joelho” or “knee” in the title, abstract or keywords were selected. Results: All articles were published as of the year 2000 in 14 journals. The Journal Clinics presented the largest number of publications, followed by Acta Ortopédica Brasileira. The main focus of the studies was on anatomy and biomechanics, mainly from Brazilian authors. Most of the authors were Brazilian, from Brazilian and public research institutions. Conclusion: Biometric analysis has been gaining ground in recent years, but its interpretation must consider various aspects related to the paramount analytical importance.

In Situ Determination of pH at Nanostructured Carbon Electrodes Using IR Spectroscopy

Changes in pH at electrode surfaces can occur when redox reactions involving the production or consumption of protons take place. Many redox reactions of biological or analytical importance are proton-coupled, resulting in localized interfacial pH changes as the reaction proceeds. Other important electrochemical reactions, such as hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, can likewise result in pH changes near the electrode. However, it is very difficult to measure pH changes located within around 100 µm of the electrode surface. This paper describes the use of in situ attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared (IR) spectroscopy to determine the pH of different solutions directly at the electrode interface, while a potential is applied. Changes in the distinctive IR bands of solution phosphate species are used as an indicator of pH change, given that the protonation state of the phosphate ions is pH-dependent. We found that the pH at the surface of an electrode modified with carbon nanotubes can increase from 4.5 to 11 during the hydrogen evolution reaction, even in buffered solutions. The local pH change accompanying the hydroquinone–quinone redox reaction is also determined.

The Resilient Bond With Zhujiajiao: (Re)making Community in a Chinese Tourism Town

This article examines how community has been reinterpreted and remade among local residents in relation to the development of tourism in Zhujiajiao, China. Focusing on the narratives and practices of long-term residents, it was found that people generally maintain a resilient bond with their community in Zhujiajiao despite profound local changes. Drawing on in-depth interviews, the article brings to light the complicated and contextual meanings of community that are constantly under negotiation. We argue that the notion of community is reconstructed through narratives of the past, everyday social interactions, and material connections between people and places. Meanwhile, the process of remaking Zhujiajiao community is shaped by cultural values and situated within wider structural conditions. In this way, the article contributes to debates on the analytical importance of relationality and sociality in the recent rethinking of community from a Chinese perspective. It also argues for the need to develop more nuanced understandings of community in contemporary China beyond viewing it as a form of urban governance by focusing on residents’ narratives and practices.

A Phenomenology of Rhythm

This chapter proposes a framework for approaching the theological significance of rhythm through phenomenology, prosody, and the social sciences. In accordance with the general categories of phenomenology established by Merleau-Ponty and the “rhythmanalysis” of Henri Lefebvre, the chapter investigates two experiences of rhythm: approaches to analysing the human encounter with rhythm in the reading of poetry and the role of rhythm in social interactions introduced through commonalities between rhythm in conversation and in jazz performance. These explorations establish two features of rhythm that are of analytical importance for the chapters that follow: (1) the synchronic and the diachronic as two necessary but distinct theoretical perspectives on rhythm, each of which emphasizes different features of rhythm and (2) the importance of interruption for understanding rhythm’s significance.

Lessing’s Laocoon as Analytical Instrument

Luca Giuliani evaluates Laocoon as an ‘analytical tool’ for twenty-first-century classical archaeology. In doing so, he returns to some of the same literary case studies that so engrossed Lessing 250 years ago—and none more so than Homer’s Iliad. By probing Lessing’s theories of the respective workings of art and text, and exploring them in the context of ancient depictions of the Iliad (especially seventh- and sixth-century BC vase-paintings), the chapter explores both the virtues and the problems of Lessing’s account. As Giuliani argues, this historical perspective can help us formulate the analytical importance of Lessing’s framework; at the same time, the perspective of ancient art can help us see how Lessing’s text is as much a treatise against as about the visual arts.

The Efficacy and Analytical Importance of Manual Feature Extraction Using Lidar Datasets

ABSTRACTThe availability of lidar datasets has led to several advances in archaeology, notably in the process of site prospection. Some remote sensing practitioners have aimed to create automated feature extraction (AFE) techniques that increase the efficiency and efficacy of identification and analysis. While these advances have been successful, many archaeological professionals who might have an interest in lidar-derived products do not have the technical experience to modify or create AFE techniques for particular regions or environments. Additionally, some features are not appropriate for AFE. Instead, the most widely used technique is still likely to be visually based manual feature identification. Using authors of different experience levels, we seek to evaluate the use of manual techniques for feature identification and subsequent analysis by implementing a publicly available lidar-derived digital elevation model (DEM). We demonstrate that manual feature extraction (MFE) can be accurate when more than one researcher is involved in a sort of “checks and balances” process. We also show that the use of confidence ratings can be an important part of this process if those ratings have some systematic and clearly defined underpinning. Finally, we argue, using a case study from American Samoa, that manually identified features can be analytically important as part of larger landscape studies.

Buddhism in Contemporary India

This chapter presents an overview of contemporary Indian Buddhism, broadly conceived, highlighting several historical developments, transregional influences, and Indo-centric adaptations within the colonial and postcolonial context. As the “homeland” of Buddhism and central to various contemporary revitalization movements, two themes are of particular analytical importance to this chapter: the recovery and reconfiguration of Buddhist material objects and the importance of reinvention among a range of Western and Asian Buddhist actors. After situating Indian Buddhism within the context of Indian historiography and discussions around the decline of Buddhism, this chapter examines various ways Indian Buddhist sites, artifacts, and structures are reimagined and reconfigured under colonization, nation-building, and changing socioeconomic interests. Also covered are Buddhist movements within India such as the Ambedkar-inspired New Buddhism, the role of Tibetan Buddhist refugees, and how the valorization of India’s Buddhist pilgrimage geography intersects with state goals toward tourism development and heritage diplomacy in Asia.