Budget overestimation when dealing with an uncertainty goal

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Yulang Guo ◽  
Fang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Shed Light

We conducted 2 studies (N = 86 and 248) to examine people's tendency to overestimate their personal budget. The findings support 3 hypotheses. First, about 35% of participants in our first study tended to overestimate their budget when dealing with an uncertainty goal. Second, we found that focalism played a mediating role in this relationship. Third, in our second study we found that temporal distance positively moderated this relationship: The distant future strengthened the effect of dealing with an uncertainty goal on budget overestimation, whereas the near future attenuated it. These findings shed light on the cause and internal mechanism of consumer budget overestimation. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.

Divergent theories, converging evidence: The constructional semantics of competing future constructions

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-114
Author(s):  
Stefan Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Future Events ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Abstract This paper investigates the alternation between two competing German future constructions, the werden + Infinitive construction and the futurate present, from a usage-based perspective. Two lines of evidence are combined: On the one hand, a pilot corpus study indicates that werden + Infinitive is more likely to be used for referring to distant-future events than to near-future events. However, syntactic factors seem to be at least as decisive as semantic ones for speakers’ choice between the two constructions. On the other hand, an experimental study taps into language users’ interpretation of sentences framed in one of the two constructions. It can be shown that the grammatical framing does not significantly affect participants’ estimates of the temporal distance of the events to which the stimuli sentences refer. This suggests that the meaning differences between the two constructions be more nuanced, e.g. pertaining to discourse-pragmatic functions.

Distant time, distant gesture: speech and gesture correlate to express temporal distance

Semiotica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Alcaraz Carrión ◽  
Javier Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Television News ◽  
Space Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Axis Direction ◽  
Spatial Properties ◽  
Multimodal Corpus ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Near Future

Abstract This study investigates whether there is a relation between the semantics of linguistic expressions that indicate temporal distance and the spatial properties of their co-speech gestures. To this date, research on time gestures has focused on features such as gesture axis, direction, and shape. Here we focus on a gesture property that has been overlooked so far: the distance of the gesture in relation to the body. To achieve this, we investigate two types of temporal linguistic expressions are addressed: proximal (e.g., near future, near past) and distal (e.g., distant past, distant future). Data was obtained through the NewsScape library, a multimodal corpus of television news. A total of 121 co-speech gestures were collected and divided into the two categories. The gestures were later annotated in terms of gesture space and classified in three categories: (i) center, (ii) periphery, and (iii) extreme periphery. Our results suggest that gesture and language are coherent in the expression of temporal distance: when speakers locate an event far from them, they tend to gesture further from their body; similarly, when locating an event close to them, they gesture closer to their body. These results thus reveal how co-speech gestures also reflect a space-time mapping in the dimension of distance.

Let's play with emojis! How to make emojis more effective in social media advertising using promocodes and temporal orientation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Huang ◽  
Mohammad Shahidul Kader ◽  
Seeun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Temporal Orientation ◽  
Construal Level ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Media Advertising ◽  
Near Future

PurposeThe authors aim to examine how the construal level, either as an individual temporal orientation or temporal distance of promotion, moderates the effects of emojis' emotional intensity on consumers' purchase intentions in social media advertising.Design/methodology/approachTwo experiments are used to test four hypotheses.FindingsThe results of two experimental studies show that present-oriented participants reveal greater purchase intentions when low (vs high) emotionally intense emojis are embedded in a social media ad; but future-oriented consumers showed no difference when viewing ads with the two different emojis. In Study 2, participants indicate greater purchase intentions when a social media ad includes a distant-future promocode and high (vs low) emotionally intense emojis and an ad with a near-future promocode and low (vs high) emotionally intense emojis.Originality/valueThe current study advances our understanding how emojis with different emotional intensities can be effectively used in social media ads. This study also provides theoretical implications to construal level theory (CLT) by examining how emojis interact with construal level, either as a chronic tendency or simulated by psychological distance, can influence consumer response.

Do HR Practices Influence Job Satisfaction? Examining the Mediating Role of Employee Engagement in Indian Public Sector Undertakings

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabindra Kumar Pradhan ◽  
Sangya Dash ◽  
Lalatendu Kesari Jena
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Hr Practices ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Shed Light

There is a dearth of research examining relationship among HR practices, employee engagement and job satisfaction in public sector undertakings in India. The present study makes an attempt to shed light on this largely neglected area of research by examining the mediating function of employee engagement between HR practices and job satisfaction. Data were collected from 393 executives through a questionnaire survey. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the relationship between HR practices, employee engagement and job satisfaction. HR practices were found to be positively linked with job satisfaction. Further, employee engagement significantly mediated the relationship between HR practices and job satisfaction. The practical implications of the study are discussed in the light of the existing literature.

Are your feet on the ground or is your head in the clouds?

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Mark McKergow
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Future ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – Highlights the importance of looking at both the near and distant future. Design/methodology/approach – Observes that different kinds of people treat and use the future differently and considers how to use the more useful elements of the future. Findings – Charts the approaches taken towards the future by the dreamer, the realist, the business planner and the host and outlines the advantages of leading like a host. Practical implications – Considers how host views the horizon, the area just before the horizon, the future and the very near future. Social implications – Accepts that we do not fully know what is going to happen in the future, but that does not mean people should focus only on the near (and therefore most “knowable”) future. Originality/value – Advances the view that having a good idea of the first signs of progress can be particularly useful in cases where the next steps are not obvious or seem tough or uncertain – rapid feedback will be useful in letting us know that what we are doing.

The Effect of Temporal Distance on Chinese Undergraduates' Entrepreneurial Decision Making

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1125-1132
Author(s):  
YingHua Ye
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Construal Level ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Entrepreneurial Decision ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese Undergraduates

Previous researchers have shown that the entrepreneurial intentions and choices of freshmen and sophomores are higher than those of juniors and seniors in China. In order to explore the reasons for this phenomenon, I conducted an experiment with 126 undergraduates from 3 universities in Zhejiang Province in China to study the relationship between temporal distance and undergraduates' entrepreneurial decision-making process. The results showed that: 1) temporal distance significantly influences undergraduates' entrepreneurial decision making, and 2) entrepreneurial decision tasks in the distant future motivate the undergraduates' cognition of desire for results (high construal level), resulting in a more positive decision, while the tasks in the near future motivate the cognition of feasibility for process (low construal level), resulting in a more negative decision.

Pay Now or Pay Later: The Impact of Time on Payment Preference in Hotel Booking

2021 ◽  
pp. 135676672110663
Author(s):  
Yisak Jang ◽  
Li Miao ◽  
Chih-Chien Chen
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Price Discount ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
Hotel Booking ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

The “book now, pay later” phenomenon is one form of payment which has flow-on effects such as increasing last-minute cancelations. To encourage prepayment, some hotels have been offering a price discount or free upgrade for choosing the “pay now” option, but little is known about which incentives can generate better outcomes. This study aims to examine what types of payment options are preferable based on the time between booking and check-in (i.e. temporal distance), and to investigate how the payment options and temporal distance jointly influence perceived risks. The findings demonstrate that while people prefer the pay now with monetary incentive option when traveling time is in the near future, they mostly prefer the pay later option when traveling time is distant. In addition, people planning a trip in the distant future perceive significantly higher risks from the pay now with non-monetary and monetary incentive options than from the pay later option.

The Mediating Role of New Ecological Paradigm between Value Orientations and Pro-Environmental Personal Norm in the Agricultural Context

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kean Boon Chua ◽  
Farzana Quoquab ◽  
Jihad Mohammad ◽  
Rohaida Basiruddin
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
New Ecological Paradigm ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Personal Norm ◽  
Ecological Paradigm ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Environmental awareness became a crucial agenda for both academicians and practitioners. Effect of the individual’s value, belief and norm on their environmentally significant behaviour is vital on subsequent purchase decision of the consumers. Considering this, the present study aims to examine the relationships among value orientations, New Ecological Paradigm (NEP), and pro-environmental personal norm. Moreover, this research intends to investigate the mediating role of New Ecological Paradigm between value orientations and pro-environmental personal norm. Design/methodology/approach This study has utilized questionnaire survey among 277 paddy farmers at the Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA) area in Malaysia. Data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares technique in order to test study hypotheses. Partial Least Square technique was utilized to analyze the data to test the study hypotheses. Findings Results reveal that biospheric value, altruistic value and egoistic value positively and significantly affect NEP. It is also found that NEP positively and significantly affect pro-environmental personal norm. Data also supports the links between altruistic value and pro-environmental personal norm (PPN). However, the relationship between other two value-orientations (biospheric value and egoistic value) and PPN is not supported by the data. Additionally, NEP mediates the relationship between biospheric value and PPN as well as between egoistic value and PPN. Contrary to this, NEP does not mediate the relationship between altruistic value and PPN. Practical implications The findings of this study will guide the agrochemical industry to understand how to enhance consumers’ behavioural aspect towards the environmental welfare. As handling of agrochemical is hazardous to health and environment, the knowledge on the effect of value orientation, belief and norm holds the key to inculcate good agricultural practice. Originality/value The present study is among the pioneers to consider NEP as the mediator between three types of value orientation and personal norm. Additionally, this study examined the relationship between NEP and PPN as well as between value orientations and PPN which are comparatively new to the existing body of literature. Nevertheless, this study considers NEP as a multidimensional constructs which is relatively new. Last, but not the least, the findings elaborate the existing knowledge of individual’s environmental concern in the context of agrochemical purchase.

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