scholarly journals Environmental factors affecting coffee (Coffea arabica L., Var. Castillo) quality in Colombia Southern

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Patricia Criollo-Velásquez ◽  
Johana Alixa Muñoz-Belalcazar ◽  
Tulio César Lagos-Burbano
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Thermal Amplitude ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Soil Climate ◽  
Cup Quality

The determinant factors of coffee cup quality are highly variable and depend on their interaction with coffee production and benefit. This study aimed to analyze soil and climatic factors and their association with the cup quality of Castillo coffee variety of three to five years of age from production units in ecotypes 220A and 221A of the Department of Nariño. The study farms were located in three different altitudinal ranges: ≤1500 m, between 1501 and 1700 m, and >1700 m. Soil, climate, and coffee cup quality variables were analyzed through principal component analysis and cluster analysis. A low level of association was found between climatic and soil nutritional factors and coffee cup quality. Soil Mn, Fe, and Cu contents showed the highest association levels with cup quality, indicated by an average score of 80.89. The highest values of photosynthetically active radiation -PAR- and thermal amplitude were found in La Unión - Nariño, and these variables were associated with the group that obtained the highest cup quality score (82.58). Cup quality was not associated with elevation since the highest scores (85.5 and 82.33) were obtained from production units located at ≤1500 m.a.s.l. and >1700 m.a.s.l, respectively.

Assessment of the spatial–temporal variations on the water quality of stagnant Haihe River, Tianjin, North China

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1103-1116
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Zhang ◽  
Ling Xiao ◽  
Min Ji ◽  
Can Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Haihe River ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Abstract Spatial–temporal variations in 13 selected water quality parameters from four stations located in the stagnant Haihe River from 2012 to 2014 were analysed. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were applied. The main latent anthropogenic factors affecting the water quality of Sanchakou, Sixin Bridge, Liulin, and Erdao Gate were combined sewer overflow, organic matter, domestic sewage, and agricultural diffuse source, respectively. External inputs mainly affected quality water in the summer–autumn season. By contrast, intrinsic biochemical processes were highly correlated with water quality in the winter–spring season. Ranges of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of four sampling sites measured 1.2 mg/L to 11.4 mg/L and 0.04 mg/L to 2.06 mg/L, respectively. TN/TP (mass ratio) was mainly between 9 and 23, indicating severely eutrophicated mainstream of the Haihe River and sufficient amounts of nutrients for phytoplankton growth and reproduction. Hence, dual nutrients control strategies should be implemented in this stagnant urban river.

scholarly journals Assessment of the quality of the housing environment, taking into account selected climate conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00057
Author(s):  
Justyna Kobylarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Housing Environment ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
State Of The Environment

For centuries, we have been observing the influence of nature on the conditions of human life, whose relationship with the natural environment has weakened during the period of changes brought about by the industrial revolution. However, the growing awareness of society about the dwindling resources of nature and the necessity to protect them resulted in the rediscovery of the importance of activities expressing concern for the state of the environment. It is consistent with the idea of sustainable development striving for rational management of natural resources. We also increasingly notice the possibility of using climatic factors to create optimal living conditions, taking into account, among other things, the relevant parameters of the objects. The article presents an analysis of climatic factors affecting the quality of the housing environment. These factors can be used in the pursuit of minimising energy consumption throughout the life cycle of buildings and for construction that utilises advanced technologies. Respecting the climate conditions in planning buildings of an appropriate scale, form and location is of great importance for shaping comfortable housing environments. It is planning that allows the symbiosis of architecture and the environment, which becomes a challenge of modern times.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of User Behaviors on Unimproved and Improved Street Spaces in Da Nang, Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3457
Author(s):  
Duy Thinh Do ◽  
Suguru Mori ◽  
Rie Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
User Behaviors ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

The shortage of open spaces in developing countries in Asia such as Vietnam has been a thorny question for urbanists. Due to a poor history of public spaces, people tend to use street spaces as open spaces and other functions that bring chaos and danger onto the streets. Although developed countries in the West have overcome the dangers of life on street spaces to some extent, Vietnam, with its low quality of life, retains its inherent street bustle. Street improvements have been carried out to enhance the quality of urban life. This research aims at comparing improved and unimproved street spaces in various aspects, including user behavior and the environment-behavior relationship within street spaces and their surroundings. The findings contribute to the future improvement of street spaces in Vietnam and other developing countries based on theories of Environment-Behavior Studies. Through this research, the street renovation and development idea can be processed in a distinctive manner that appreciates the cultural and social context instead of being derived from the arbitrary or intuitive ideas of designers. By using various observation methods such as centered behavioral mapping (PcBM) and visual encounter surveys (VES), and statistical analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), the findings show that a total of eight physical attributes need consideration during street renovations or development processes. Improved and unimproved street spaces share two attributes and differ in six attributes. Additionally, three environment-behavior patterns support the implications detailed in this paper. Finally, a suggestion for street space development and management is made to support related authorities and urbanists in future projects; it is hope that this research will contribute to creating more livable and sustainable street environments.

Diesel Truck Overall Quality Analysis Based on PCA

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 2233-2237
Author(s):  
Zhen Yu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Major Factors

The quality of diesel truck overall quality is measured through a series of performance indicators. This paper analyzes the complex diesel truck systems through the use of principal component. Through the analysis, several major indicators which affect the truck service conditions are found in many of the performance indicators, and major factors affecting the serviceability of diesel truck are obtained.

scholarly journals Phytosanitary quality of Brachiaria brizantha ‘BRS Piatã’ seeds in function of climate conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
Givanildo Z. da Silva ◽  
Cibele C. Martins ◽  
Luciana C. do Nascimento ◽  
Gabriel G. Barreto ◽  
Otília R. de Farias
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

ABSTRACT Infected seeds are one of the main pathogen transmission vehicles, and they are responsible for significant losses in production fields; phytosanitary defense depends on the inoculum and climatic factors. Thus, in this study, it was aimed to identify climatic variables of the regions that propitiate the production of Brachiaria brizantha ‘BRS Piatã’ seeds infected with phytopathogenic fungi. Temperature and rainfall data were obtained from 10 production fields, and phytosanitary quality of the seeds was evaluated with the filter paper method; the means were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric analysis. Principal component analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the climatic variables and seed phytosanitary quality. Sites with maximum temperatures higher than 30 °C, mean values close to 25 °C, and rainfall less than 82 mm during harvest were favorable to the incidence of Fusarium spp. The incidence of Bipolaris sp. in the seeds of Piatã grass was favored by temperatures around 19 and 20 °C during the maturation phase. The highest incidence of Exserohilum sp. occurred at the sites in which the temperature during harvest was close to 20 °C and accumulated rainfall, between 167 and 181 mm.

scholarly journals Microbial, physical and chemical properties of irrigation water in rice fields of Southern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-375
Author(s):  
MARIA HELENA L.R. RECHE ◽  
VILMAR MACHADO ◽  
DANILO A. SAUL ◽  
VERA R.M. MACEDO ◽  
ELIO MARCOLIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Soil Climate

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of the statistical analysis of microbiological, physical and chemical parameters related to the quality of the water used in rice fields in Southern Brazil. Data were collected during three consecutive crop years, within structure of a comprehensive monitoring program. The indicators used were: potential hydrogen, electrical conductivity, turbidity, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, total and fecal coliforms. Principal Component and Discriminant Analysis showed consistent differences between the water irrigation and drainage, as the temporal variation demonstrated a clear reduction in the concentration of most of the variables analyzed. The pattern of this reduction is not the same in the two regions - that is, the importance of each of the different variables in the observed differentiation is modified in two locations. These results suggested that the variations in the water quality utilized for rice irrigation was influenced by certain specific aspects of each rice region in South Brazilian - such as anthropic action or soil/climate conditions in each hydrographic basin.

Analysis of trace elements in surface sediments, mussels, seagrass and seawater along the southeastern Adriatic coast – a chemometric approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 1111-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavka Stanković ◽  
Bojan Tanaskovski ◽  
Božidarka Zlatić ◽  
Milica Arsenović ◽  
Lato Pezo
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Factor Space ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
Seawater Samples ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

AbstractSurface sediments, mussels, seagrass, surface and bottom seawater samples were collected from the costal area of the southeastern Adriatic Sea and analyzed in order to determine the concentration and origin of the following elements: Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Ni, Co, As, Cd, Cr and Hg. The complexity of the obtained data was reduced by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), methods well known and accepted for the identification of the quality of marine environments. Both PCA and CA analysis were used to discriminate groups of samples according to the similarity of their chemical composition. The results revealed good diversity between the various samples, expressed by their distinctive positions of points in factor space. PCA indicated that the first two PC components explained about 73, 48, 43, 48, and 50 % of the total variance of the data for sediments, mussels, seagrass, and surface and bottom water, respectively. The results showed good discrimination capabilities between the samples taken from different locations, and also different seasons, which was especially evident in the surface and bottom water samples. Simultaneously, PCA/CA analysis of the amounts of trace elements found in the marine organisms could explain the manner of their bioaccumulation.

scholarly journals Culinary quality and sensory profile of cassava varieties harvested at different ages

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-678
Author(s):  
Ronielli Cardoso Reis ◽  
◽  
Luciana Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Jamille Mota Almeida ◽  
Palmira de Jesus Neta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Time Averaging ◽  
Commercial Variety ◽  
Culinary Quality ◽  
Sweet Cassava ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Sweet cassava must be rapidly cooked and meet the sensory and technological requirements of consumers. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the culinary quality of sweet cassava varieties harvested at three ages and obtain the sensory profile of these varieties using the check-all-that-apply method (CATA). Roots of three cassava varieties released or recommended by Embrapa (BRS Aipim Brasil, BRS Dourada and Saracura) and the commercial variety Eucalipto, harvested at nine, 12 and 15 months of age, were evaluated for physical, chemical and sensory aspects. At nine months of age, the Saracura, BRS Aipim Brasil and BRS Dourada varieties did not differ in cooking time, averaging 41.62 min. The Eucalipto variety had similar cooking times at the three harvest ages, averaging 21.83 min. There was a difference between the four varieties at nine months, with Saracura exhibiting the lowest acceptance score (5.0) and differing from the Eucalipto variety, which showed an average score of 6.3. At 12 months of age, there was a significant increase in the acceptance of the Saracura and BRS Aipim Brasil varieties, which did not differ from Eucalipto and had an average score of 6.4. Consumers perceived differences between the sensory characteristics of the cassava varieties using CATA. The sensory terms “creamy”, “soft” and “sticky” can be associated with greater acceptance of cooked cassava roots, whereas terms such as “floury”, “slightly bitter”, “no taste”, “hard” and “fibrous” can be associated with less acceptance and are therefore undesirable from the consumer’s point of view. Principal component analysis showed that the age at which the roots were harvested had a great effect on the culinary quality of cassava, regardless of the evaluated variety. The commercial variety Eucalipto was well-accepted by the consumers irrespective of root age and can be harvested at any of the evaluated ages. For the Saracura, BRS Aipim Brasil and BRS Dourada varieties, harvesting is recommended at 12 or 15 months so that better quality roots are obtained.

scholarly journals Edaphic fauna in a vegetation gradient in the Sete Cidades National Park

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. P. L. Nunes ◽  
A. S. F. Araújo ◽  
M. M. C. Pessoa ◽  
R. S. Sousa ◽  
J. D. C. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Vegetation Gradient ◽  
Semideciduous Seasonal Forest ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract The vegetation physionomy and cover can show patterns of diversity and composition of the edaphic community, depending on the quantity and quality of litter in a specific habitat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the vegetation gradient formed by Graminoid Field (GRF), Cerrado Sensu Stricto (CSS), Cerradão (CRD) and Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (SSF) on density, diversity and composition of the edaphic fauna community in two seasons of the year, in the Sete Cidades National Park (Piauí state). For fauna sampling, a total of eight pitfall traps, distanced 10 m, were placed in each area in the central part of each system, where they remained for seven days. In the wet period, there was a tendency to increase the number of individuals as a function of the complexity of the vegetation formation, with the inverse occurring in the dry period. It was verified an environmental variation of the climatic factors temperature and humidity according to the vegetal formation, contributing to a heterogeneous distribution of the fauna. The GRF formation presented a significantly lower value of average richness only in the dry period. Regarding the variables of diversity and uniformity, they did not show drastic variations in relation to the vegetation gradient studied. The dominant groups in the vegetation gradient were Formicidae, Coleoptera, Aranae, Acari and Collembola, with reduction of the number of Coleoptera in the dry season. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed greater differences in the composition of the communities between the vegetation formations for the rainy season. At this time, the formations SSF and CRD were associated to a greater diversity of invertebrates than CSS and GRF, demonstrating the influence of the vegetation complexity on the soil fauna community.

scholarly journals Production fields and physiological quality of Panicum maximum jacq. cv. mombasa seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
José de Oliveira Cruz ◽  
Cibele Chalita Martins ◽  
Tatiane Sanches Jeromini ◽  
Givanildo Zildo Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Physiological Quality

The physiological quality of seeds is influenced by the climatic factors of production fields. The identification of the best conditions of P. maximum cv. Mombasa production fields allows the improvement of the seed sector. The aim of this work was to identify which climatic conditions of production fields can affect the physiological quality of P. maximum cv. Mombasa seeds. Nineteen plots from states of São Paulo (six from municipalities of Auriflama and three from Guzolândia) and Goiás (eight from Quirinópolis and two from Serranópolis), were collected by soil sweeping. The following parameters were evaluated: water content, germination rate, first germination count and germination rate index, seedling emergence in sand and field. Completely randomized design was used for all variables, with the exception of seedling emergence in field, since this variable required block design. Means were compared by the Scott-Knott test, at 5% probability. For the identification of the influence of climatic conditions on the physiological quality of seeds, multivariate statistical analysis was applied through Group and Principal Component Analysis. Production fields of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa seeds presenting maximum temperatures above 32 ºC at flowering and natural fall stages produce seeds of low physiological quality. Production fields in which precipitation and high temperatures occur during natural fall and harvest of P. maximum cv. Mombasa seeds are not favorable to the production of seeds with high physiological quality.

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