Assessment of In Vitro Antidiabetic Potential of Purified Anthocyanin Extract from Floral Petals of Wild Balsam Species

Diabetes is a notorious and growing clinical and public health issue. The International Diabetes Federation assumes that 592 million had diabetes by 2035 and that by 2040 the number will increase to 642 million. Cardiovascular corollary accounts for four million deaths annually attributable to diabetes. Evidence reveals that certain glucose-lowering phytochemicals can improve vascular outcomes with type 2 diabetes, which, together with better understanding of using multiple therapies concurrently, offers opportunities for beneficial personalization of medication regimens. Anthocyanins are coloured pigments and are natural antioxidants. Keeping this in focus, this study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic activity in the petals of wild Impatiens balsamina L. The anthocyanin was extracted from floral petals of wild balsam species and purified to homogeneity using chromatographic techniques. Evaluation of in vitro antidiabetic properties of anthocyanin extract revealed a dose-dependent increase in the inhibitory effect on the alpha-glucosidase (200 μg/ml) and alpha-amylase enzymes (500 μg/ml) and was comparable with the standard acarbose drug (189 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml). These results indicated that anthocyanin could be used as a source of functional food and nutraceuticals. This information from wild species will be useful in finding more potent antidiabetic principle from the natural resources for the clinical development of antidiabetic therapeutics. Future studies are planned to substantiate the antidiabetic power of anthocyanin using in vivo animal models. Keywords: Alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase, diabetes, herbal remedies, Impatiens balsamina L.

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Preliminary Analysis of the Antidiabetic Activity of Indonesian Polyherbal Formulation

Journal of Natural Remedies ◽

10.18311/jnr/2021/25960 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 219

Author(s):

Syamsudin Abdillah ◽

Apriala Gita Lestari ◽

Priskila Monika ◽

Wahono Sumaryono ◽

Kartiningsih Hisyam

Keyword(s):

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽

Polyherbal Formulation ◽

Diabetes In Mice ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Alpha Glucosidase

This study aims to prepare polyherbal formulations and also analyze the antidiabetic potentials of the prepared polyherbal in animals. The ethanol extracts of the leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius, Stevia rebaudiana, Syzygium polyanthum, and Camellia sinensis were used in this study. The extracts of the aforementioned plants were prepared in the ratio of 2:1:1:1. The formulation was tested for antidiabetic activity in vitro through the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and in vivo using alloxan-induced diabetes in mice. The polyherbal has an inhibitory effect with the IC50 value of 26.23 μg/mL compared to acarbose (control) was 17.02 μg/mL. The diabetic animals were observed to show an obvious decline in glucose level when compared with control (P< 0.001) after treatment.

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In Vitro Alpha-Amylase and Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and In Vivo Antidiabetic Activity of Withania frutescens L. Foliar Extract

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020293 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 293

Author(s):

Hamza Mechchate ◽

Imane Es-safi ◽

Abdelhadi Louba ◽

Ali S. Alqahtani ◽

Fahd A. Nasr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Local Population ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Continuous Treatment ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Alpha Glucosidase

Withania frutescens L. is a wild perennial woody plant used by the local population for diverse therapeutic purposes. This work aims to study for the first time the potential inhibitory effect of this plant hydroethanolic extract on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities using in vitro methods and its antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic activities using alloxan-induced diabetic mice as a model for experimental diabetes. Two doses were selected for the in vivo study (200 and 400 mg/kg) and glibenclamide, a well-known antidiabetic drug (positive control) in a subacute study (28 days) where the antihyperglycemic activity was also assessed over a period of 12 h on diabetic mice. The continuous treatment of diabetic mice with the extract of Withania frutescens for 4 weeks succeeded to slowly manage their high fasting blood glucose levels (after two weeks), while the antihyperglycemic test result revealed that the extract of this plant did not control hyperglycemia in the short term. No toxicity signs or death were noted for the groups treated with the plant extract, and it shows a protective effect on the liver and kidney. The in vitro assays demonstrated that the inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase might be one of the mechanisms of action exhibited by the extract of this plant to control and prevent postprandial hyperglycemia. This work indicates that W. frutescens have an important long term antidiabetic effect that can be well established to treat diabetes.

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Antidiabetic activity, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect of Tradescantia spathacea Swartz extract

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4343 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽

pp. 1594-1599

Author(s):

Nagaraju Jesetti ◽

Rajasekhar Reddy Alavala ◽

Subhakar Raju Rapaka ◽

Umasankar Kulandaivelu ◽

Koteswara Rao GSN

Keyword(s):

Methanolic Extract ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Diabetic Model ◽

Alpha Glucosidase

Tradescantia spathacea Swartz belongs to the genus Commelinaceae, a tropical tree used in many countries as an herbal drug for the care of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to examine anti-diabetic activity of the Tradescantia spathacea Swartz methanolic extract (METSW) and the in-vitro activity of α-amylase, and α-glucosidase was carried out. METSW compared with acarbose inhibition of the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme, METSW exhibited IC50 less than 100μg/mL would be considered as healthy. The METSW showed IC50 66.22 ± 0.52μg/mL α-amylase activity, acarbose revealed an IC50 of 83.25 ± 1.28μg/mL. METSW demonstrated IC50 levels of 85.37 ± 0.72 μg/mL (y= 0.095x+41.89) inhibition of the α-Glucosidase enzymes. METSW at 400 mg/kg greatly decreased the region under the blood glucose level curve in a typical rat test for oral glucose tolerance. The single dose of the extract decreased dramatically from 211 mg/dl to 89.22 mg/dl at 400 mg/kg METSW in the alloxan induced diabetic model. METSW possesses strong antidiabetic activity in vivo and in vitro. Besides, the extract has also been shown to have a significant inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase which may lead to its anti-hyperglycemic function when used in diabetic patients.

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Potent Natural Inhibitors of Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase against Hyperglycemia in Vitro and in Vivo

10.20944/preprints201703.0116.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jirawat Riyaphan ◽

Chien-Hung Jhong ◽

May-Jwan Tsai ◽

Der-Nan Lee ◽

Max K. Leong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Type Ii ◽

Reference Drug ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Natural Inhibitors ◽

Alpha Glucosidase

The inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase is one of clinic strategies for remedy the type II diabetes. Herbal medicines are reported to alleviate hyperglycemia. However, the constituents from those sources whether are targeted to the alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase still unexplored. This study attempted to select the compounds for efficacy of hypoglycemia via cellular and mouse levels. The results illustrated that the cytotoxicity in all tested compounds at various concentrations except the concentration of 16-hydroxy-cleroda-3,13-dine-16,15-olide (HCD) at 30 µM were not significant difference (p > 0.05) when compared with the untreated control. Acarbose (reference drug), Antroquinonol, Catechin, Quercetin, Actinodaphnine, Curcumin, HCD, Docosanol, Tetracosanol, Berberine, and Rutin could effectively inhibit the alpha-glucosidase activity of Caco-2 cells when compared with the control (maltose). The compounds (Curcumin, HCD, Tetracosanol, Antroquinonol, Berberine, Catechin, Actinodaphnine, and Rutin) could reduce blood sugar level at 30 min in tested mice. The effects of tested compounds on area under curve (AUC) were significant (p < 0.05) among Acarbose, Tetracosanol, Antroquinonol, Catechin, Actinodaphnine, and Rutin along with Berberine and Quercetin. In in vitro (alpha-glucosidase) with in vivo (alpha-amylase) experiments suggest that bioactive compounds can be a potential inhibitor candidate of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase for the alleviation of type II diabetes.

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IN VITRO ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIALS OF SIDA ACUTA, ABUTILON INDICUM AND MALVASTRUM COROMANDELIANUM

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i4.39088 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 87-89

Author(s):

NANTAPORN DINLAKANONT ◽

CHANIDA PALANUVEJ ◽

NIJSIRI RUANGRUNGSI

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Inhibitors ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Glucose Absorption ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Sida Acuta ◽

Inhibitory Activities ◽

Alpha Glucosidase ◽

Abutilon Indicum

Objective: Starch metabolizing enzyme inhibitors are able to retard postprandial glucose absorption. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro inhibitory activities of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase of three Malvaceous weeds i.e. Sidaacuta Burm. f., Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet and Malvastrumcoromandelianum (Linn.) Garcke. Methods: The stems, roots and leaves of S. acuta, A. indicum and M. coromandelianum were sequentially extracted in dichloromethane and methanol, respectively. All fractions were tested for the inhibitory activities on yeast alpha-glucosidase, rat intestinal alpha-glucosidase and porcine alpha-amylase. p-Nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside and 2-chloro-4 nitrophenol-α-D- maltotrioside were used as the substrate for glucosidase and amylase respectively. Results: The dichloromethane fraction of the roots and stems from A. indicum and dichloromethane as well as methanolic fractions of the stems of M. coromandelianum could inhibit yeast alpha-glucosidase compared to 1-deoxynojirimycin with the IC50 of 0.36, 0.45, 0.48, 0.48 and 0.58 mg/ml respectively. A. indicum root methanolic fraction had the highest inhibitory effect on rat alpha-glucosidase activity compared to 1-deoxynojirimycin with the IC50 of 0.08 and 0.11 mg/ml respectively. M. coromandelianum, the dichloromethane fraction of roots and the methanolic fraction of stems, showed the strongest effect on alpha-amylase inhibition compared to acarbose with the IC50 of 0.07, 0.07 and 2.7 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: S. acuta, A. indicum and M. coromandelianum dichloromethane and methanolic fractions of the root, stem and leaf parts demonstrated an appreciable inhibitory activity on alpha-amylase from porcine, alpha-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and from rat intestine compared to 1-deoxynojirimycin and acarbose.

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INHIBITORY EFFECT OF A STANDARDIZED HYDROETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA BARK ON ALPHA-AMYLASE ENZYMEINHIBITORY EFFECT OF A STANDARDIZED HYDROETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA BARK ON ALPHA-AMYLASE ENZYME

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i4.24019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 366 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sushant A Shengule ◽

Sanjay Mishra ◽

Shweta Bodhale

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

High Performance ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Terminalia Arjuna ◽

Hydroethanolic Extract

Objective: The present study was initiated to screen the hydroethanolic bark extract for α-amylase inhibitory activity and standardization of the Terminalia arjuna for polyphenolic phytochemicals using high-performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array (HPLC-PDA) method.Methods: The T. arjuna bark sample was extracted with ethanol: water (70:30 v/v) using Soxhlet extraction. A Dionex P680 HPLC system was used to acquire chromatograms. The screening of extract of T. arjuna bark has performed for in vitro α-amylase inhibitory assay. Each experiment was repeated 3 times. All values were expressed mean ± standard deviation.Results: The content of arjunetin, arjungenin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin was 0.47, 8.22, 2.443, 7.901, and 3.20 mg/g, respectively, in a hydroethanolic extract of T. arjuna. The hydroethanolic extract of T. arjuna bark and acarbose has shown an inhibitory activity with an IC50 value 145.90 and 62.35 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusion: The hydroethanolic extract T. arjuna bark demonstrates α-amylase inhibitory activity due to a synergistic effect of the phytochemical constituents present in it. This study suggests that one of the mechanisms of this plant for antidiabetic activity is through the inhibition of α-amylase enzyme.

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BIOASSAY-GUIDED EVALUATION OF FICUS SEMICORDATA FOR ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i3.16441 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Virender Kaur ◽

Kumud Upadhyaya ◽

Milind Pande

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Early Stage ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Postprandial Hyperglycemia ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Biological Studies

Objective: The early stage of diabetes mellitus type 2 is associated with postprandial hyperglycemia. The therapeutic approach involved in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is the use of agents that can decrease postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting carbohydrate digesting enzymes. In an effort of identifying herbal drugs which may become useful in the prevention or mitigation of diabetes, the antidiabetic activity of Ficus semicordata (FS) and its constituents were studied. The present study was undertaken in part to identify the potent antihyperglycemic fraction from the ethanol extract of the plant, using bioassay guided evaluation.Methods: The ethanol extract of Ficus semicordata were fractionated to obtain chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and ethanol extracts which were tested for alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase inhibitory, properties. Further fractionation of the more active ethanol fraction yielded isolates FS-1 and FS-2 which were tested for in vivo antidiabetic activity using Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Results: Ethanol extract from leaves of the plant showed notable alpha-amylase (IC50 = 3.352µg/ml and alpha-glycosidase inhibitory activity (IC50= 3.448µg/ml) as compared to standard acarbose (IC50 = 3.175µg/ml. Subfraction FS-1 and FS-2 which were tested for in vivo antidiabetic activity using acute STZ-induced diabetic rats significantly (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, *** p<0.001) reduced blood glucose level.Conclusion: The Ficus semicordata plant extracts and the fractionated components could be used as a natural antidiabetic after comprehensive in vitro and in vivo biological studies.

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In-Vitro Antidiabetic Effect of Ziziphus mucronata Leave Extracts

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v11i6-s.5216 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6-S) ◽

pp. 9-13

Author(s):

Olaitan Kabir Abolaji ◽

A.N. Ukwuani-Kwaja ◽

I Sani ◽

M.N. Sylvester

Keyword(s):

Glucose Production ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Anthraquinone Glycosides ◽

Enzymes Inhibition ◽

Ziziphus Mucronata ◽

Dose Dependent Increase ◽

Dose Dependent

Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to the body’s inability to produce insulin or inaction of the produced insulin or a combination of both. One antidiabetic therapeutic approach is to reduce gastrointestinal glucose production and absorption through the inhibition of carbohydrate digesting enzymes such as alpha-amylase as well as through the inhibition of hemoglobin glycosylation. Objective: This study sets out to evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic activity of Ziziphus mucronata extracts for their effect on alpha-amylase and glycosylation of hemoglobin. Methods: Successive gradient maceration of Z. mucronata leaves were carried out using Hexane, Acetone, Methanol and separately with water to obtain four (4) extracts labelled HE, AE, ME, and WE respectively. These were subjected to in vitro studies for their inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase and hemoglobin glycosylation, Standard laboratory methods were used to screen for phytochemicals of the most potent extract. Results: The result showed that AE, ME and WE extract exhibited a dose-dependent increase in percentage inhibition of both alpha-amylase and hemoglobin glycosylation. However, on a stricking note, the AE showed a more potent data result with percentage (%) potency of 71.02 at 1mg/ml, the lowest glucose concentration (of 25mg/ml) at 0.242nm as well as the highest hemoglobin glycosylation inhibitory mean concentration of 3.663nm after 72 hours. The AE of Z. mucronata (the most potent) revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinone, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponin, tanins and terpenoids. Conclusion: Thus, the Acetone extract is more likely to give a lead antidiabetic drug molecule of drug when further explored; which somewhat justify the folkloric claims of Z. mucronata leave as an antidiabetic. Keywords: Heamoglabin glycosylation, Alpha-amylase enzymes, Inhibition, Glucose.

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