scholarly journals Noisomes: as novel vesicular drug delivery system

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhir Kumar Ray ◽  
Nargish Bano ◽  
Tripti Shukla ◽  
Neeraj Upmanyu ◽  
Sharad P. Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Repulsive Forces

Target-specific drug-delivery systems for the administration of pharmaceutical compounds enable the localization of drugs to target sites within the body.  The basic component of drug delivery systems is an appropriate carrier that protects the drug from rapid degradation or clearance and thereby enhances drug concentration in target tissues. Niosome are microscopic non-ionic surfactant bilayer vesicles obtained on hydration of synthetic nonionic surfactants, with or without incorporation of cholesterol or their lipids. The amphiphilic nature of niosomes promotes their efficiency in encapsulating lipophilic or hydrophilic drugs.  Noisome are promising vehicle for drug delivery and being non-ionic, more stable, inexpensive, biodegradable, biocompatible, non immunogenic and exhibit flexibility in their structural characterization. Various additives in niosomes include nonionic surfactant as film forming agent, cholesterol as stabilizing and rigidizing agent for the bilayer and various charge inducers which develop a charge on the surface of niosomes and stabilize the prepared formulation by the resulting repulsive forces. Niosomes have been widely evaluated for controlled release and targeted delivery for the treatment of cancer, viral infections, microbial diseases, psoriasis, leishmaniasis, migraine, parkinson and other diseases. Niosomes can prolong the circulation of the entrapped drug in body. Encapsulation of drug in vesicular system can be predicted to prolong the existence of drug in the systemic circulation and enhance penetration into target tissue, perhaps reduce toxicity if selective uptake can be achieved. In addition to conventional, oral and parenteral routes, they are amenable to be delivered by ocular, transdermal, vaginal and inhalation routes. Delivery of biotechnological products including vaccine delivery with niosomes is also an interesting and promising research area. More concerted research efforts, however, are still required to realize the full potential of these novel systems. This review article focuses on the concept of niosomes, advantages and disadvantages, composition, method of preparation, separation of unentrapped drug, factors influencing the niosomal formulation and characterization, marketed formulations of niosomes and also gives up to date information regarding recent applications of niosomes in drug delivery. Keyword:  Drug-delivery system, Niosomes, 

scholarly journals PORPHYSOMES-A PARADIGM SHIFT IN TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Revathy B. Menon ◽  
Lakshmi V. S. ◽  
Aiswarya M. U. ◽  
Keerthana Raju ◽  
Sreeja C. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aqueous Core

A novel drug delivery system is the one that ensures optimum dose at the right time, at the right location. Porphysomes are among those drug delivery systems. Porphysomes are a means of vesicular drug delivery systems. They are liposome-like structures composed completely of porphyrin lipid. The porphysomes encapsulates the active medicament in vesicular structure. They are having an aqueous core which can be loaded with the medicament. They have the capacity to destroy the disease tissues. They absorb the heat in the near infrared region and release this heat to destroy the diseased tissues. Porphysomes are having immense applications in the field of positron-electron therapy (PET), photoacoustic imaging, photothermal therapy etc. This review article discusses regarding the Porphysome-the drug delivery system, its advantages and disadvantages, composition, method of preparation, applications and various aspects related to the porphysomal drug delivery.

A Review of Niosomes as Novel Drug Delivery Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 5654-5664
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Chilka ◽  
Vadithe Vasu Naik
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Surfactant Vesicles ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Subcellular Level

The aim of this review is to present the structure of niosome, benefits and drawbacks, fundamentals of niosome preparation and characterization as well as a description of their applications in drug delivery. This review will provide an overview on the increasing interest on niosomes in the field of drug delivery. Drug delivery systems are defined as formulations aiming for transportation of a drug to the desired area of action within the body. The basic component of drug delivery systems is an appropriate carrier that protects the drug from rapid degradation or clearance and thereby enhances drug concentration in target tissues. Drug targeting is a kind of phenomenon in which drug gets distributed in the body in such a manner that the drug interacts with the target tissue at a cellular or subcellular level to achieve a desired therapeutic response at a desire site without undesirable interactions at other sites. This can be achieved by modern methods of targeting the drug delivery system such as niosomes. Niosomes are the type of non-ionic surfactant vesicles, which are biodegradable, non-toxic, more stable and inexpensive, a new approach to liposomes. Their structure similar to liposome and hence they can represent alternative vesicular systems with respect to liposomes. The niosomes have the tendency to load different type of drugs.

scholarly journals Transfersomes: a novel technique for transdermal drug delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Chaurasiya ◽  
Eisha Ganju ◽  
Neeraj Upmanyu ◽  
Sudhir Kumar Ray ◽  
Prabhat Jain
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Drug

Novel drug delivery systems are now a days is creating a new interest in development of drug deliveries. Vesicular drug delivery system is also a part of these novel drug delivery systems. TDDS is the permeability of the skin, it is permeable to small molecules, lipophilic drug and highly impermeable to the macromolecules and hydrophilic drugs. Recent approaches have resulted in design of two vesicular carriers, ethosomes and ultra flexible lipid based elastic vesicles, transferosomes. Transferosomes have recently been introduced, which are capable of transdermal delivery of low as well as high molecular weight drugs. This offers several potential advantages over conventional routes like avoidance of first pass metabolism, predictable and extended duration of activity, minimizing undesirable side effects, utility of short half life drugs, improving physiological and pharmacological response and have been applied to increases the efficiency of the material transfer across the intact skin, by the use of penetration enhancers, iontophoresis, sonophoresis and use of colloidal carriers such as lipid vesicles (liposomes & proliposomes) and non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes & proniosomes). It is suitable for controlled and targeted drug delivery and it can accommodate drug molecules with wide range of solubility. Due to its high deformability it gives better penetration of intact vesicles. They are biocompatible and biodegradable as they are made from natural phospholipids and have high entrapment efficiency. The preparation variables are depending upon the procedure involved for manufacturing of formulation and the preparation procedure was accordingly optimized and validated. Characterization of transferosomes can be done to know the vesicle size, morphology, drug content, entrapment efficiency, penetration ability, occlusion effect, surface charge, in vitro drug release, in vitro skin penetration etc., It increases stability of labile drugs and provides control release. Transferosomes thus differs from such more conventional vesicles primarily by its softer, more deformable, better adjustable artificial membrane. Keywords: Novel Drug Delivery System, Biocompatible, Characterization, Transferosomes.

scholarly journals Lipid Based Vesicular Drug Delivery Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Jain ◽  
Vikas Jain ◽  
S. C. Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Drug Action ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body

Vesicular drug delivery system can be defined as highly ordered assemblies consisting of one or more concentric bilayers formed as a result of self-assembling of amphiphilic building blocks in presence of water. Vesicular drug delivery systems are particularly important for targeted delivery of drugs because of their ability to localize the activity of drug at the site or organ of action thereby lowering its concentration at the other sites in body. Vesicular drug delivery system sustains drug action at a predetermined rate, relatively constant (zero order kinetics), efficient drug level in the body, and simultaneously minimizes the undesirable side effects. It can also localize drug action in the diseased tissue or organ by targeted drug delivery using carriers or chemical derivatization. Different types of pharmaceutical carriers such as polymeric micelles, particulate systems, and macro- and micromolecules are presented in the form of novel drug delivery system for targeted delivery of drugs. Particulate type carrier also known as colloidal carrier system, includes lipid particles, micro- and nanoparticles, micro- and nanospheres, polymeric micelles and vesicular systems like liposomes, sphingosomes, niosomes, transfersomes, aquasomes, ufasomes, and so forth.

scholarly journals Vaginal Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery System

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Mohite ◽  
Rakesh Patel ◽  
Nandu Kayande ◽  
Raju Thenge
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vaginal Drug Delivery ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Delivery Routes

Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are delivery systems which utilize the property of bioadhesion of certain polymers which become adhesive on hydration and hence can be used for targeting a drug to a particular region of the body for extended periods of time. Many of these delivery routes, particularly those through the nasal, ocular, reproductive and gastrointestinal system, involve contact with mucosal surfaces. The gastrointestinal route has been particularly popular among medical staff and patients alike. Although convenient, unfortunately, this route can be very inefficient for a number of reasons, including too rapid transit of the drug-containing delivery system past the optimum site for absorption, which is normally the small intestine and to a lesser degree the stomach and colon. Mucoadhesive formulations use polymers as the adhesive component. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are available in the form of tablets, films, patches, and gels for oral, buccal, nasal, ocular, vaginal, rectal and topical routes for both systemic and local effects. This review article represents the various aspects of vaginal drug delivery system, bioadhesion mechanism, Theory of bioadhesion, factors affecting bioadhesion, various types of vaginal formulation etc.

scholarly journals FLOATING TABLETS AND ITS POLYMERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaika Saadia Zubedi ◽  
Shahid Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Floating Drug Delivery ◽  
Floating Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Oral drug delivery system is the most preferred route of administration for drug delivery. In the development of the drug delivery system many components play important role. Polymers are amongst those components which have evolved with the drug delivery system. Polymers are the macromolecule compound containing many monomer units joined to each other by bonds. The floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) become an additional advantage for drugs that are absorbed primarily in the upper segments of gastrointestinal (GI) tract, i.e., the stomach, duodenum and jejunum. The purpose of writing this review on floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) was to focus on the types of floating drug delivery systems, principal and mechanism of floatation to achieve gastric retention and polymers used in floating Drug delivery systems. Polymers used in the drug delivery system are of two types Natural and Synthetic based on their origin. Both types of the polymers have some advantages and disadvantages. This particular article gives information about the different types of natural and synthetic polymer used in the drug delivery system. Natural polymers like guar gum, chitosan, xanthan gum, Gellan gum and sodium alginate are mentioned in the article. Synthetic polymers mentioned are HPMC, Eudragit, and Ethylcellulose. Keywords: Floating Drug Delivery System, Polymers, Natural gums, HPMC.

scholarly journals CRYPTOSOMES: A REVOLUTIONARY BREAKTHROUGH IN NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiswarya M. U. ◽  
Keerthana Raju ◽  
Revathy B. Menon ◽  
Lakshmi V. S. ◽  
Sreeja C. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Novel Drug

The vesicular drug delivery systems are promising approaches to overthrown the problems of drugs having lesser bioavailability and rapid elimination from the body. The four type of lipid based drug delivery systems are: solid-lipid particulate system, emulsion based system, solid lipid tablet and vesicular system. Cryptosomes, a novel emerging vesicular drug delivery system which can overcome the disadvantages associated with conventional drug delivery systems like high stability, increased bioavailability, sustained release, decreased elimination of rapidly metabolizable drugs etc. The word Cryptosome was orginated from Greek word ‘’Crypto’’ means hidden and ‘’Soma’’ means body. It is formed from the mixture of phospholipids like distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine-polyethylene glycol (DSPE-PEG) with distearoylphosphatidylcholine. These entire information regarding its origin and formation is explained in Dinesh Kumar et al. Vesicular systems symbolizes the use of vesicles in the different fields as carrier system or additives. This review disclose various vesicular drug delivery system and point out the advancement of cryptosome in the world of drug delivery.This review would help researchers involved in the field of vesicular drug delivery.

scholarly journals DISCOSOMES: A FUTURISTIC UPHEAVAL IN VESICULAR DRUG DELIVERY

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
AMITHA MARY JOSE ◽  
V. U. LAKSHMI ◽  
GAYATHRI S. ◽  
SREEJA C. NAIR
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Ocular Drug Delivery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Sustained Release Formulation

The formulation system employed to convey pharmaceutical drugs compound in the body to attain the desired therapeutic effect at a predetermined rate depending on pharmacological aspects, drug profile, and physiological conditions can be referred to as a novel drug delivery system (NDDS). Due to the intricately sensitive anatomy and physiology of the eye pharmacologist find the ocular delivery system to be more involuted than other routes. Pre-corneal, static and dynamic is the 3 types of ophthalmic barriers, which along with the inflow and outflow of lacrimal fluids, nasolacrimal drainage, are some of the germane factors that affect bioavailability. Unlike conventional dosage forms, where the distribution of drugs in non-targeted body fluids and tissues transcends the quantity of required drug in targeted tissues and causes repercussions, these modified drug delivery systems surpass the ocular barriers and adverse reactions, emphasizing on less invasive, prolonged action. It also promotes sustained release formulation that subjugates the drug loss or degradation to treat many ocular diseases effectively. The current review recapitulates the fundamentals of discosomes, a type of vesicular drug delivery system that acts as a vehicle for the drug delivery of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Discosomes are giant, disc-shaped structures modified from niosomes by arresting the vesicles at the discosome phase. Due to their idiosyncratic size, it provides all due benefits compared to other ocular drug delivery systems. From the review, it can be culminated that discosomes are a potential subject of opposition and opportunities in the arena of safe and effective ocular drug delivery.

scholarly journals Novel Drug Delivery Systems and its Future Prospects

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Avani K. Shewale ◽  
◽  
Akshay R. Yadav ◽  
Ashwini S. Jadhav ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Level ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Novel Drug Delivery System ◽  
Novel Drug

Most common methods of delivery include the preferred topical (skin), transmucosal (nasal, buccal, sublingual, vaginal, ocular and rectal) and inhalation routes. The conventional dosage forms provide drug release immediately and it causes fluctuation of drug level in blood depending upon dosage form. Therefore to maintain the drug concentration within therapeutically effective range needs novel drug delivery system. In the past few decades, considerable attention has been focused on the development of novel drug delivery system (NDDS). The NDDS should ideally fulfill two prerequisites. Firstly, it should deliver the drug at a rate directed by the needs of the body, over the period of treatment. Secondly, it should channel the active entity to the site of action. In conventional drug delivery systems, there is little or no control over release of the drug and effective concentration at the target site can be achieved by irregular administration of grossly excessive doses. At present, no available drug delivery system behaves ideally, but sincere attempts have been made to achieve them through various novel approaches in drug delivery.

A Review on Formulation and Development of Solid Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 5519-5228
Author(s):  
Sunitha M Reddy ◽  
Sravani Baskarla
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Particle Size Reduction

This article describes current strategies to enhance aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of poor soluble drugs. Most drugs in the market are lipophilic with low or poor water solubility. There are various methods to enhance solubility: co-solvency, particle size reduction, salt formation and Self Nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, SEDDS is a novel approach to enhance solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of drugs. The study involves formulation and evaluation of solid self-Nano emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) to enhance aqueous solubility and dissolution rate. Oral route is the most convenient route for non-invasive administration. S-SNEDDS has more advantages when compared to the liquid self-emulsifying drug delivery system. Excipients were selected depends upon the drug compatibility oils, surfactants and co surfactants were selected to formulate Liquid SNEDDS these formulated liquid self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system converted into solid by the help of porous carriers, Melted binder or with the help of drying process. Conversion process of liquid to solid involves various techniques; they are spray drying; freeze drying and fluid bed coating technique; extrusion, melting granulation technique. Liquid SNEDDS has a high ability to improve dissolution and solubility of drugs but it also has disadvantages like incompatibility, decreased drug loading, shorter shelf life, ease of manufacturing and ability to deliver peptides that are prone to enzymatic hydrolysis.  

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