Larvicidal activity and GC-MS analysis of Piper longum L. leaf extract fraction against human vector mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

Mosquitoes are the most important group of insects in terms of public health importance, which transmit serious human diseases. The continuous application of synthetic insecticides to control these mosquitoes causes development of resistance in vector species, and an adverse effect on environmental quality and non-target organisms including human health. Therefore, the use of active toxic agents from plant extracts as alternative mosquito control strategy cannot be over emphasized, as these are non-toxic, easily available at affordable prices, biodegradable and show target - specific activities against different species of vector mosquitoes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of the aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of H. suaveolens against the fourth instars larvae of Anopheles species. Standard WHO protocols was adopted for the larvicidal bioassay. Larvicidal activity was evaluated at concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/L. The larval mortality was observed after 24 and 48hours bioassay. The results are mean of three replicates and the mortalities recorded were subjected to chi-square test and probit analysis to determine median lethal concentrations (LC50). TheGC-MS analysis ofthe methanolic leaf extract of the plantrevealed the presence of twelve compounds on the chromatogram. Among the major compounds areOleic Acid (33.33%), Octadecanoic acid (13.52%), 1,3-Cyclohexadiene-1-methanol,alpha.,2,6,6-(10.42%), 1,3-Cyclopentanediol, trans (9.60%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (9.01%) and 4-Hepten-3-one, 4-methyl (7.0%).The phytochemical screening of the aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of the plant revealed the presence of Tannins, Terpenoids, Flavonoids, Steroids, Carbohydrates, Cardiac glycoside and resins. The LC50 values estimated were 316.22mg/Lfor methanol extract and 323.59 mg/L for aqueous extract. The differences between the two extracts were however not significantly different at P>0.05. The findings also revealed that mortality was concentration dependent and both extracts showed promising larvicidal activity against Anopheles species larvae. Therefore, the crude leaf extract of the plant is recommended to be used as alternative to synthetic larvicides and further research is needed to test the activity of the plant on non-target organisms.

Download Full-text

Corrigendum to “Photo-induced and phytomediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Derris trifoliata leaf extract and its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti” [Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, Volume 171, June 2017, Pages 1-8]

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology ◽

10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112262 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 222 ◽

pp. 112262

Author(s):

Vundru Anil Kumar ◽

Kandru Ammani ◽

Rajkumari Jobina ◽

Pattnaik Subhaswaraj ◽

Busi Siddhardha

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Leaf Extract

Download Full-text

PRELIMINARY SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, ANTIOXIDANT, AND ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITIES IN THE METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF MELIOSMA SIMPLICIFOLIA (L.)

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i4.40787 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100-104

Author(s):

PAVITHRA S ◽

SEKAR T

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Hot Water ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Dpph Scavenging

Objective: In the present study is investigated of phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of the leaf extracts from Meliosma simplicifolia (L.). Methods: The seaweed sample was subjected to extraction with solvents of different polarities (hot water, methanol, acetone, chloroform, and petroleum ether) and screened for phytochemicals according to standard methods. The ability of the plant extract to act as hydrogen/electrons donor or scavenger of radicals was determined by in vitro antioxidant assays using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging, reducing power assay, and superoxide radical (O2•) scavenging activity. The ICPMS and GC-MS analysis of the methanol leaf extract of M. simplicifolia was revealed the presence of antibacterial. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Preliminary metabolites Quantitative studies of estimated phenol, flavonoid and tannin, as for the methanol extract of stem showed the highest content of phenolic compounds (40.71±0.94 GAE mg/100). Antioxidant activities were concluded the estimation M. simplicifolia leaf for as followed the studies. In leaf the highest DPPH scavenging activity (132.3 μg/ml), ICP-MS analysis of the leaf extract showed the presence minerals such as Mg, Fe, Cu, Na, and Zn in excess. The leaf extract of the plant was also tested for its antibacterial activity and results confirmed that it has potential activity. Conclusion: The preliminary studies in the methanol extract of the leaf of M. simplicifolia are suggestive of the antibacterial potentials of the methanol extract of leaves of M. simplicifolia.

Download Full-text

Control of JE vector by organic compounds isolated and green nanoparticles synthesised from leaf extract of Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)

10.21203/rs.2.20517/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Someshwar Singha ◽

Goutam Chandra

Keyword(s):

Spectral Analysis ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Active Principle ◽

Soxhlet Apparatus

Abstract Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a dreadful disease transmitted by Culex vishnui group of mosquitoes. Control of JE vectors at the larval stage is one of the effective approaches in controlling JE. Methods: Leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia were subjected to petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone and absolute alcohol solvent extraction by Soxhlet apparatus. As the ethyl acetate extract showed best mosquito larvicidal activity against Culex vishnui, it extract was selected and processed further for isolation of active principle through column chromatography and TLC and then characterization of the active principle by FTIR and GC-MS was done. Results: Ethyl acetate extract was found to be the most potent larvicide. In the active fraction of isolated compounds from ethyl acetate extract, N-methyl-1-adamantaneacetamide was the major constituent responsible for larvicidal activity of Culex vishnui. Green nanoparticles were synthesised by treating silver nitrate with leaf extract of H. integrifolia and were examined for larvicidal activity. Nanoparticles were characterised by UV-VIS spectral analysis, XRD study, TEM, SEM and FTIR spectral analysis. Synthesised nanoparticles were 40-50 nm in size and showed good larvicidal activity on Cx. vishnui mosquitoes at 1.25, 2.25, 5, 7.5 and 10 ppm concentrations. Active principle of plant extract and green nanoparticles showed eco-friendly effect on non-target organisms like Chironomus circumdatus, Daphnia sp, Diplonychus anulatum and Tadpole larvae. Conclusion: Thus it can be concluded that active ingredient as well as green synthesized nano particles from H. integrifolia can be a good alternative of presently used chemical insecticides.

Download Full-text

PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION, GC-MS PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF A MEDICINAL PLANT RUTA GRAVEOLENS L. FROM ETHIOPIA

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i6.16812 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Henok Gulilat Azalework ◽

Sahabjada . ◽

Asif Jafri ◽

Md Arshad ◽

Tabarak Malik

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Ruta Graveolens ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Ms Analysis

Objective: This study was designed to screen the phytochemicals present in various solvents extracts of Ruta graveolens (Rue) and furthermore to investigate their antimicrobial activity.Methods: The leaves, stems and seeds of Rue were extracted using four different solvents viz. ethanolic, methanolic, chloroform, and aqueous of varying polarity. The phytochemical screening was carried out qualitatively and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis was performed to identify major phytoconstituents present in the methanolic leaf extract. The antimicrobial effect of extracts was evaluated against six microbial strains namely Bacillus subtillis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Micrococcus luteus with disc diffusion method.Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and carotenoid. The methanolic leaf extract showed the presence of both tannin and phenolic contents in the higher amount, whereas aqueous extract displayed in the least amount. GC-MS analysis of methanolic leaf extract revealed the presence of approximately 26 phytochemical constituents. The antimicrobial assay revealed that B. subtilis showed a high zone of inhibition (20 mm) at 200 mg/ml of methanolic extract. However, E. coli and C. tropicalis did not show any zone of inhibition against each solvent extract.Conclusion: In conclusion, secondary metabolites present in the extracts have biological activities which warrant further to evaluate in vivo pharmacological studies.

Download Full-text

EVALUATION OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY AND CYTOTOXICITY OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF ACACIA CAESIA (L.) WILLD. AGAINST HELA CELL LINE

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i1.26470 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 520

Author(s):

Sharmila S ◽

Ramya E K

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Cell Line ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Wide Range ◽

Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the bioactive compounds of the ethanolic leaf extract of Acacia caesia using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method and also screen the in vitro cytotoxic activity against HeLa-E 72 cancer cell line.Methods: The present research was carried out using GC-MS analysis, while mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract were matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology and Wiley library. Cytotoxicity was assessed with 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and cellular morphological alterations were studied using phase contrast inverted light microscope of 400×. The ethanol extract of A. caesia was screened for their cytotoxicity at different concentrations (12.5–200 μg/ml), to determine the mean percentage (%) cell viability.Results: The results of GC/MS analysis showed the presence of 41 major compounds. In terms of percentage amounts, 1,8-diphenyl-3,4,10,11- tetrahydro[1,4]dioxino[2,3-g:5,6-g’]diisoquinoline, 6-(chloromethyl)-4-(3,4-dimethoxy-2-(phenylmethoxy)-phenyl)-3-methyl-2-yridinecarboxylate, and 2’,4’,6’-Trinitro-5’-phenyl-1,1’:3’,1”-terphenyl were predominant in the extract and have the property of antioxidant, antidepressant potential, antibacterial activity, cytotoxic, diabetic, and induced brain activity. The results of cytotoxicity at highest concentration (200 μg/ml) of the cells became rounder, shrunken and showed signs of detachment from the surface of the wells denoting cell death.Conclusions: From this study, it is obvious that A. caesia leaf extracts contain various bioactive constituents with a wide range of medicinal properties which is used to treat multiple disorders and it also gives a detailed insight about the phytochemical profile which could be exploited for the development of plant-based drugs. Further, the ethanolic extract of A. caesia exhibits potent cytotoxic activity against HeLa-E 72 cell line.

Download Full-text