Performance of Strobilanthes crispus Leaves Extract as Potential Antioxidant Compound in Oil-in-water Emulsion

Excess of free radicals accelerates the degradation of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion due to oxidative damage resulting in low emulsion quality such as in lotion formulation. The blend of antioxidants in O/W emulsion could reduce the damage caused by the radical compounds. The crude extract of Strobilanthes crispus (S. crispus) leaves was screened for assessing bioactive phytochemical constituents. By using various chemical assays, the extract of S. crispus leaves revealed the presence of tannins, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids and glycosides. Besides that, the antioxidant activity of the leaf extract, spray-dried extract, a lotion containing extract and other local and abroad commercial lotions were determined as references using standard methods such as total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and reducing power assay. In terms of TFC, the highest, 10.591±0.01 mg QE/g was recorded in crude extract along with the highest reducing power and percentage inhibition, 25.40±0.02 mg GAE/g and 88.89 % respectively. The result from TPC value can be a good indicator for a longer shelf life of the O/W emulsion if compared to other results from TPF, reducing power and DPPH value. From this study, it can be concluded that S. crispus has potential as a good natural antioxidant ingredient for the emulsion of O/W formulation.

Acute Toxicity Study of Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Flour Macerated with Strobilanthes crispus in Wistar Rats

BACKGROUND: Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) is a local tuber food that high in bioactive compound glucomannan. It uses are limited due to oxalate acid content which poses health risks. Strobilanthes crispus leaves could reduce the level of calcium oxalate in porang. However, there is still no study to prove its safety. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the acute oral toxicity study of porang (A. oncophyllus) macerated with S. crispus based on observation of mortality rate (LD50), the changes in behavior during 72 h, renal and hepatic function such as urinary protein, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels of Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) METHODS: An acute toxicity test was conducted based on the Organization of Economic Co-Operation and Development 420 Fixed-Dose Procedure Guideline that consists of preliminary and main studies. For the preliminary study, rats were divided into control and five treatment groups with the dosage of 50, 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW) for each natural porang flour (NPF) and S. crispus-macerated porang flour (SPF). For the main study, rats were divided into four groups, those were NPF and SPF with the dosage of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW. Levels of urinary protein and blood serum SGOT and SGPT levels were measured at 0, 24, and 72 after treatment. RESULTS: The acute toxicity study showed that porang and porang macerated with S. crispus were not toxic until the highest dose of 5000 mg/kg BW. It was proved by the absence of LD50, no change in behavior, no weight losses, and also the results of biochemical tests, such as urinary protein, SGOT, and SGPT which were still in the normal range. CONCLUSIONS: Porang flour and SPF were concluded as non-toxic food based on acute toxicity study.

Microscopic Characterization of Keji Beling Extract (Strobilanthes crispus L.) As Herbal Medicine Studies

Keji Beling (Strobilanthes crispus L.) is one of medicinal plants in Acanthaceae family. The leaves are the part that is often used as the herbal products such as; herbs, tea and the others. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the functional groups of organic compounds, mineral content and antioxidant activity in the leaf extract of Strobilanthes crispus L. using pottery. Test analysis in research using FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRF. The result of showed the presence of CH alkenes, CH aromatic, C-O alcohol/ether/carboxylic acid/ester, C-N amine, NO2 Nitro compounds, O-H hydrogen bond alcohol /phenol and N-H amines/amides The mineral composition contained macro elements of Ca, K, P and S. While the identified micro minerals are Si, Fe, Mo, Sr, Mn, Ba, Cu, Zn, and Ni. The microscopic morphology of Strobilanthes crispus L. leaf extract is in the form of porous solid particels, thus it is to have high water solubility. The results of the antioxidant test using the DPPH method obtained an IC50 value of 19.20 ppm which is included in the group of very active antioxidants

Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Kecibeling (Strobilanthes crispa), Kayu Manis (Cinnamon), dan Kersen (Muntingia calabura) Terhadap Indeks Glikemik pada Pengolahan Beras Metode Pratanak

Diabetes mellitus is a top five deadly disease in Indonesia. A healthy diet with consuming low sugar index food is suggested to prevent diabetes mellitus. Rice as the main source of carbohydrate in Indonesia is categorized as food with a high glycemic index. This study is experimenting rice with a low glycemic index that suitable to be consumed by diabetes mellitus sufferer. Various extracts are used in the making of low glycemic index rice such as strobilanthes crispus, cinnamon, and muntingia calabura. The rice is marinated with 1% extract for 2 hours and continued to cook in an autoclave for 15 minutes with temperature 116°C. The rice then dried in an oven at 50°C for 24 hours before it cooked in a rice cooker and can be consumed. The result shows that strobilanthes crispus and cinnamon extract rice has lower glycemic index than common rice.

Anticancer Properties of Strobilanthes crispus: A Review

Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, as exemplified by millions of cancer diagnoses every year. The use of chemotherapy in treating cancer has many disadvantages which include recurrence of cancer, associated with drug resistance, and severe side effects that are harmful to the patients. A better source of anticancer drugs can come from nature. Strobilanthes crispus (S. crispus) is a herbal medicinal plant that is indigenous in Madagascar and the Malay Archipelago. The plant possesses high vitamin and mineral content as well as phytochemicals—like phenols, catechins, tannins, and flavonoids—that are known to have therapeutic effects. Numerous preclinical studies have reported very versatile pharmacological effects of this plant, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-angiogenesis, anti-diabetes, anti-ulcerogenic, and wound healing. Herein, this paper reviews the anticancer properties of S. crispus, providing information for future research and further exploration.

Overview of Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Activity of Keji Beling Plant (Strobilanthes crispus Bl.)

Nowadays, traditional medicine in the form of medicinal plants or herbs is widely used by the community. Treatment with plants that exist in nature and having relatively minor side effects can also be used for an extended period. The purpose of this review article is to seek information on the phytochemical content and pharmacological activity of keji beling plants (Strobilanthes crispus Bl.). This information was searched through the Google Scholar search engine in the last eleven years (2010 – 2021). The results of this information show that vile beling has a chemical content in the form of potassium, sodium, silicate acid, alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenolic, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, and steroids. Pharmacologically keji beling plants have antiurolithic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, wound healing, anticancer, cytotoxic, and peptic ulcer effects. Thus, it can be concluded that the keji beling plant is one of the plants rich in phytochemical compounds scattered on the stems and leaves. In addition, this plant has benefits for treating a wide variety of diseases. Therefore, keji beling can be developed into potential plants as an herb for various conditions, especially stone urination and antidiabetic.

Antiglycolytic Activities of Strobilanthes crispus Active Fraction and its Bioactive Components on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro

Background: Survival and progression of cancer cells are highly dependent on aerobic glycolysis. Strobilanthes crispus has been shown to have promising anticancer effects on breast cancer cells. The involvement of the glycolysis pathway in producing these effects is unconfirmed, thus further investigation is required to elucidate this phenomenon. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of S. crispus active fraction (F3) and its bioactive components on glycolysis in triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Methods: This study utilizes F3, lutein, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol to be administered in MDA-MB-231 cells for measurement of antiglycolytic activities through cell poliferation, glucose uptake, and lactate concentration assays. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay of MDA-MB-231 cells after treatment with F3 and its bioactive components lutein, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol. The IC50 value in each compound was determined by MTT assay to be used in subsequent assays. The determination of glucose uptake activity and lactate concentration were quantified using fluorescence spectrophotometry. Results: Antiproliferative activities were observed for F3 and its bioactive components, with IC50 values of 100 µg/mL (F3), 20 µM (lutein), 25 µM (β-sitosterol), and 90 μM (stigmasterol) in MDA-MB-231 cells at 48 h. The percentage of glucose uptake and lactate concentration in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with F3, lutein, or β sitosterol were significantly lower than those observed in the untreated cells in a time-dependent manner. However, treatment with stigmasterol decreased the concentration of lactate without affecting the glucose uptake in MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusion: The antiglycolytic activities of F3 on MDA-MB-231 cells are attributed to its bioactive components.