scholarly journals EMBEDDED SYSTEMS – CONTROL OF POWER SUBSYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Michal Kelemen ◽  
Ľubica Miková ◽  
Darina Hroncová ◽  
Filip Filakovský ◽  
Peter Ján Sinčák
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Mechanical Work ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Customer Requirements

The main role of embedded system is to control the product behaviour or control of outside world. Microcontroller as embedded system obtains information through the sensors and makes adequate impact to outside world after sensor data processing. The microcontroller impact is realized through the actuators which convert the electrical energy (or different type of energy) to mechanical work. These processes are executed because of fulfil customer requirements. Microcontrollers as signal controllers work only with low power signals. This paper discusses the possibilities and application of controlling the power subsystems via using the embedded systems.

scholarly journals Hardware-Assisted Security Monitoring Unit for Real-Time Ensuring Secure Instruction Execution and Data Processing in Embedded Systems

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1450
Author(s):  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Zhun Zhang ◽  
Qiang Hao ◽  
Dongdong Xu ◽  
Jiqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Program Execution ◽  
Security Monitoring ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Capability Evaluation ◽  
Security Capability

The hardware security of embedded systems is raising more and more concerns in numerous safety-critical applications, such as in the automotive, aerospace, avionic, and railway systems. Embedded systems are gaining popularity in these safety-sensitive sectors with high performance, low power, and great reliability, which are ideal control platforms for executing instruction operation and data processing. However, modern embedded systems are still exposing many potential hardware vulnerabilities to malicious attacks, including software-level and hardware-level attacks; these can cause program execution failure and confidential data leakage. For this reason, this paper presents a novel embedded system by integrating a hardware-assisted security monitoring unit (SMU), for achieving a reinforced system-on-chip (SoC) on ensuring program execution and data processing security. This architecture design was implemented and evaluated on a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA development board. Based on the evaluation of the SMU hardware implementation in terms of performance overhead, security capability, and resource consumption, the experimental results indicate that the SMU does not lead to a significant speed degradation to processor while executing different benchmarks, and its average performance overhead reduces to 2.18% on typical 8-KB I/D-Caches. Security capability evaluation confirms the monitoring effectiveness of SMU against both instruction and data tampering attacks. Meanwhile, the SoC satisfies a good balance between high-security and resource overhead.

scholarly journals The Different Type of MPPT Techniques for Photovoltaic System

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Apar Chitransh ◽  
◽  
Mr. Sachin Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Full Form ◽  
Power Point

We know that sun is the only sources which is available free of cost in our environment for the PV module. when the sun strikes in to the PV cell it converts to the electrical energy. Now a days to fulfill the requirement of energy the solar energy plays a main role of that. But some time this solar energy is not sufficient to fulfill this requirement than some time we use the MPPT techniques which is increase the power generation and main advantage of this techniques is that this is work in any climate. The full form of MPPT is MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKER. It gets the maximum power from the available PV unit and it is not depending upon the any environmental conditions. In this paper we discuss in detail the several abilities that how they get the maximum power point and system convergence, efficiency and cost of implementation. In this paper we show that all type pf MPPT techniques.

Waveform Acquisition and Playback System in Electrical Energy for Energy Saving Based on STM32 Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 206-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Xia Dong
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Channel Input ◽  
The Stability

The design of the use of meaning law semiconductor introduced 32 bit low power processor STM32, can effectively improve the data processing and transmitting velocity storag improving the stability of the system, and can reduce the power consumption, so as to achieve the purpose of saving energy. Also uses dual channel input, one channel is used for collecting the known frequency and amplitude of the waveform, the other channel is a collection of changes in the waveform, in practical application can be cut, thus solving the fixed waveform acquisition channels are relatively simple, and the variable waveforms that are relatively complex contradiction, make the system clean and stable.

scholarly journals The Different Type of MPPT Techniques for Photovoltaic System

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Apar chitransh ◽  
Sachin Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Full Form ◽  
Power Point

we know that sun is the only sources which is available free of cost in our environment for the PV module. when the sun strikes in to the PV cell it converts to the electrical energy. Now a days to fulfill the requirement of energy the solar energy plays a main role of that. But some time this solar energy is not sufficient to fulfill this requirement than some time we use the MPPT techniques which is increase the power generation and main advantage of this techniques is that this is work in any climate. The full form of MPPT is MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKER. It gets the maximum power from the available PV unit and it is not depending upon the any environmental conditions. In this paper we discuss in detail the several abilities that how they get the maximum power point and system convergence, efficiency and cost of implementation. In this paper we show that all type pf MPPT techniques.

Decentralized Vibration Control With Networked Embedded Systems

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Tao ◽  
Isaac Amundson ◽  
Kenneth D. Frampton
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Vibration Control ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Decentralized Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Sensors And Actuators

The early promise of centralized active control technologies to improve the performance of large scale, complex systems has not been realized largely due to the inability of centralized control systems to “scale up”; that is, the inability to continue to perform well when the number of sensors and actuators becomes large. Now, recent advances in Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), microprocessor developments and the breakthroughs in embedded systems technologies, decentralized control systems may see these promises through. A networked embedded system consists of many nodes that possess limited computational capability, sensors, actuators and the ability to communicate with each other over a network. The aim of this decentralized control system is to control the vibration of a structure by using such an embedded system backbone. The key attributes of such control architectures are that they be scalable and that they be effective within the constraints of embedded systems. Toward this end, the decentralized vibration control of a simply supported beam has been implemented experimentally. The experiments demonstrate that the reduction of the system vibration is realized with the decentralized control strategy while meeting the embedded system constraints, such as a minimum of internode sensor data communication, robustness to delays in sensor data and scalability.

Role of spectrin in membrane fusion and in shape change of human erythrocyte ghost

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Hideo Hayashi ◽  
Yoshikazu Hirai ◽  
John T. Penniston
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Human Erythrocyte ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Bank Blood ◽  
Human Erythrocyte Ghost

Spectrin is a membrane associated protein most of which properties have been tentatively elucidated. A main role of the protein has been assumed to give a supporting structure to inside of the membrane. As reported previously, however, the isolated spectrin molecule underwent self assemble to form such as fibrous, meshwork, dispersed or aggregated arrangements depending upon the buffer suspended and was suggested to play an active role in the membrane conformational changes. In this study, the role of spectrin and actin was examined in terms of the molecular arrangements on the erythrocyte membrane surface with correlation to the functional states of the ghosts.Human erythrocyte ghosts were prepared from either freshly drawn or stocked bank blood by the method of Dodge et al with a slight modification as described before. Anti-spectrin antibody was raised against rabbit by injection of purified spectrin and partially purified.

Mesophyll conductance: the leaf corridors for photosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gago ◽  
Danilo M. Daloso ◽  
Marc Carriquí ◽  
Miquel Nadal ◽  
Melanie Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Mesophyll Conductance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Change Framework ◽  
Chloroplast Stroma

Besides stomata, the photosynthetic CO2 pathway also involves the transport of CO2 from the sub-stomatal air spaces inside to the carboxylation sites in the chloroplast stroma, where Rubisco is located. This pathway is far to be a simple and direct way, formed by series of consecutive barriers that the CO2 should cross to be finally assimilated in photosynthesis, known as the mesophyll conductance (gm). Therefore, the gm reflects the pathway through different air, water and biophysical barriers within the leaf tissues and cell structures. Currently, it is known that gm can impose the same level of limitation (or even higher depending of the conditions) to photosynthesis than the wider known stomata or biochemistry. In this mini-review, we are focused on each of the gm determinants to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms driving gm from anatomical to metabolic and biochemical perspectives. Special attention deserve the latest studies demonstrating the importance of the molecular mechanisms driving anatomical traits as cell wall and the chloroplast surface exposed to the mesophyll airspaces (Sc/S) that significantly constrain gm. However, even considering these recent discoveries, still is poorly understood the mechanisms about signaling pathways linking the environment a/biotic stressors with gm responses. Thus, considering the main role of gm as a major driver of the CO2 availability at the carboxylation sites, future studies into these aspects will help us to understand photosynthesis responses in a global change framework.

On Energy Status indicators and the role of renewableEnergy under Economic Crisis

2014 ◽  
pp. 92-105
Author(s):  
P. Bezrukikh ◽  
P. Bezrukikh (Jr.)
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Economy Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Production Regime

The article analyzes the dynamics of consumption of primary energy and production of electrical energy in the world for 1973-2012 and the volume of renewable energy. It is shown that in the crisis year of 20 0 9 there was a significant reduction in primary energy consumption and production of electrical energy. At the same time, renewable energy has developed rapidly, well above the rate of the world economy growth. The development of renewable energy is one of the most effective ways out of the crisis, taking into account its production regime, energy, environmental, social and economic efficiency. The forecast for the development of renewable energy for the period up to 2020, compiled by the IEA, is analyzed. It is shown that its assessment rates are conservative; the authors justify higher rates of development of renewable energy.

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