scholarly journals Processing Low-Grade Retted Straw of Fibre Flax Into Homogeneous Fiber Using Trailed Flax-Harvesting Combine КВЛ-1

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
E. V. Soboleva ◽  
A. V. Bezbabchenko ◽  
V. G. Vnukov ◽  
S. V. Prokofiev
Keyword(s):  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Flax Straw

To obtain long and short flax fiber of high quality under the conventional processing technology, retted flax straw of no less than grade 1.5 is required. However, according to some data, low-grade retted straw flax of grade 0.75 and lower used at some flax-processing plants can make up to 30 percent of the total mass of harvested raw materials. To maintain profitability, this retted straw must be processed into short homogenous fiber using new innovative technologies and equipment. (Research purpose) Study of the technological process of primary processing of low-grade retted straw flax, starting from the field and finishing at a flax-processing plant in various technological lines, determination of the rational composition of technological equipment of post-treatment lines of chaff -fiber mass obtained in the field with the flax-harvesting combine KVL-1, as well as determination of quality indicators of the obtained fiber. (Materials and methods) For research purpose, two types of low-grade retted straw were used as raw material: type 1 – retted straw grade1.0, type 2 – retted straw no.0.5, taken from Russian flax-processing plants. Primary processing of retted straw was carried out directly in the field with the flax-harvesting combine KVL-1. Further, the resulting chaff -fiber mass was transported to the laboratory and cleaned in the stationary conditions in various lines consisting of commercially available disintegrator DLV-2 and tow shakers with a lower gilling section. (Results and discussion) Analysis of the research results has revealed that the raw material used – low-grade retted flax straw – features low strength and high separability of fiber. The authors have put forward some recommendations on using the technology of processing low-grade retted flax straw into homogeneous fiber. (Conclusion) The authors have described the design of two technological lines for processing low-grade retted flax straw according to the ‘field-plant’ pattern. Using these lines, one can produce homogeneous flax fiber (monofilament) with an average mass length of 189-195 millimeter, a linear density of 5.6-6.2 Tex and a mass fraction of chaff of 6.7-16.7 percent. It is emphasized that the proposed technologies allow obtaining homogeneous fiber of a grade not exceeding 2 from low-grade retted flax straw. This type of fibre can be used to produce between-joisting and volumetric sealants, nonwoven materials, modified flax fibre, cellulose, technical and medical cotton wool, low-grade yarn, composites, etc.

scholarly journals Oil Flax for Long Fiber Production

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
E.V. Soboleva ◽  
◽  
E.V. Novikov ◽  
A.V. Bezbabchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fiber Production ◽  
Modern Varieties ◽  
Flax Straw

The paper presents the results of studies on the possibility of producing long flax fiber in scutching-and-breaking machines from flax straw obtained from modern varieties of oil flax in the form of whole stems of autumn and spring harvesting. The inexpediency of obtaining scutched flax from this type of raw material has been determined.

scholarly journals Location optimization of biodiesel processing plant based on rough set and clustering algorithm - a case study in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Nana Geng ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Yixiang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Robust Optimization ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Rough Set ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Rough Set Theory ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Processing Plants

Biofuel has an important role in alleviating the environmental pollution problem. More attention has been paid to optimization of biofuel supply chain in recent years. In this paper, a scientific, rational and practical biodiesel processing plant location with waste oil as the raw material was proposed in order to provide a theoretical basis for guiding the planning and management of restaurants, waste oil collection points, and processing plants. Considering the merits and demerits of the subjective and objective weighting methods, this paper proposes a new weighting method which is namely the combination of rough set theory and clustering algorithm. It then verifies the location results with a plant carbon emission. At last, this paper analyzes the location of biodiesel processing plant in the Yangtze River Delta of China and finds that the precision has been greatly improved with the new method comparing the RMSE and the R2 of the Delphi method with the improved rough set theory. By using this method, the weights of the influencing factors of biodiesel processing plants are the following: Waste oil supply 0.143, Fixed construction cost factor 0.343, Biodiesel demand 0.143 and Location convenience 0.371. In the comparison between the robust optimization method and the improved rough set theory, it was found that the final location results are the same, all being Jiaxing City. However, the improved rough set theory is much simpler than the robust optimization algorithm in the calculation process.

Impact of Intervention Strategies on Listeria Contamination Patterns in Crawfish Processing Plants: A Longitudinal Study†

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTORIA R. LAPPI ◽  
JOANNE THIMOTHE ◽  
JONATHAN WALKER ◽  
JON BELL ◽  
KENNETH GALL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Employee Training ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact

Two ready-to-eat crawfish processing plants were monitored for 2 years to study the impact of Listeria control strategies, including employee training and targeted sanitation procedures, on Listeria contamination. Environmental, raw material, and finished product samples were collected weekly during the main processing months (April to June) and tested for Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Before implementation of control strategies (year 1), the two processing plants showed Listeria spp. prevalences of 29.5% (n = 78) in raw, whole crawfish, 5.2% (n = 155) in the processing plant environment, and 0% (n = 78) in finished products. In year 2, after plant-specific Listeria control strategies were implemented, Listeria spp. prevalence increased in raw crawfish (57.5%, n = 101), in the processing plant environment (10.8%, n = 204), and in the finished product (1.0%, n = 102). Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in Listeria spp. prevalence (P < 0.0001) and a borderline nonsignificant increase in L. monocytogenes prevalence (P = 0.097) on raw material in year 2. Borderline nonsignificant increases were also observed for Listeria spp. prevalence in environmental samples (P = 0.082). Our data showed that Listeria spp. prevalence in raw crawfish can vary significantly among seasons. However, the increased contamination prevalence for raw materials only resulted in a limited Listeria prevalence increase for the processing plant environment with extremely low levels of finished product contamination. Heat treatment of raw materials combined with Listeria control strategies to prevent cross-contamination thus appears to be effective in achieving low levels of finished product contamination, even with Listeria spp. prevalences for raw crawfish of more than 50%.

scholarly journals The Influence of Welfare Training on Bird Welfare and Carcass Quality in Two Commercial Poultry Primary Processing Plants

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Ellie Wigham ◽  
Andrew Grist ◽  
Siobhan Mullan ◽  
Stephen Wotton ◽  
Andrew Butterworth
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Welfare Measures

The number of broilers slaughtered globally is increasing. Ensuring acceptable welfare conditions for birds at the time of slaughter is paramount in meeting legislative and retailer specifications, and in producing high quality meat. There is knowledge that welfare training programs for members of the farming and red meat slaughter industry can improve animal welfare measures and product quality, however there is little evidence of the effects of welfare training in poultry processing plants. In our study, a comprehensive welfare training program was introduced to a Costa Rican and a British commercial broiler primary processing plant, both of which slaughter birds by way of neck cut post electrical water bath stunning. The effects of this program on some welfare and product quality measures were investigated, both immediately and six months post training. The welfare measures that showed significant improvements post training included; flapping at shackling, pre-stun shocks, stun parameters and effective neck cut. Product quality measures including broken wings and red pygostyles also improved, however the positive effect of training was not seen in all quality measures. Welfare training does have the potential to improve broiler welfare and product quality at slaughter, and these data could help the development and targeting of future welfare training courses and encourage the uptake of welfare training in the poultry slaughter industry.

scholarly journals Raw and Processed Fish Show Identical Listeria monocytogenes Genotypes with Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1228-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNUKKA MARKKULA ◽  
TIINA AUTIO ◽  
JANNE LUNDÉN ◽  
HANNU KORKEALA
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Fish Product ◽  
Raw Fish

A total of 257 raw fish samples at two different sites were examined for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 4%. From 11 positive samples, nine different L. monocytogenes pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotypes were recovered. From nine pulsotypes recovered from raw fish and 32 pulsotypes shown by 101 fish product isolates, two raw fish and fish product pulsotypes were indistinguishable from each other. Although the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in raw fish is low, the range of L. monocytogenes strains entering the processing plant in large amounts of raw material is wide. This indicates that the raw material is an important initial contamination source of L. monocytogenes in fish processing plants. This postulation is supported by the identical pulsotypes recovered from both raw and processed fish. Some L. monocytogenes strains entering a plant may thus contaminate and persist in the processing environment, causing recurrent contamination of the final products via processing machines.

scholarly journals SCHEME FOR PROCESSING INDUSTRIAL HEMP INTO THE SAME TYPE FIBER

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Natalya Basova ◽  
Eduard Novikov ◽  
Aleksandr Bezbabchenko ◽  
Abuali Khomitov ◽  
Dmitriy Poselenov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Grinding Machine ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Instrumental Methods

Industrial hemp as a source of fiber is a valuable industrial raw material. In modern conditions, the lines of its primary processing should produce the same type of fiber with different characteristics, depending on the requirements for the properties of the finished fiber. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the scheme for processing industrial hemp based on the characteristics of hemp. Five primary processing lines were compared, including domestic flax equipment (M-110L2 grinding machine, DLV-2 disintegrators, and TG-135L shaker machines with a lower comb field). As raw materials the industrial hemp from Penza region, harvested in the spring, was used. The mass of one handful is 100 g, the loading density is 0.5 kg/m, the twist is three times. Raw materials were loaded into each machine manually. After primary processing by instrumental methods, hemp grade and characteristics were determined according to GOST 9993-2014. The scheme of the line for primary processing of industrial hemp in the form of tangled mass of stems of various lengths, which allows the production of the same type of hemp with different values of technological characteristics, has been developed. For the production of the same type of hemp with an average mass length of fiber 142 ... 144 mm, a mass fraction of bonfire of 1.6 ... 2.2%, a weighted average linear density of 11 ... 12 tex, the line should include a pulping machine, a disintegrator, two shaking machines; with characteristics respectively 235 mm, 7 ... 8% and 12 ... 13 tex - a disintegrator and two shaking machines; 219 mm and 15 ... 16%, 18 ... 19 tex - pulley and two shaking machines. Using the studied set of equipment provides a reduction in capital costs, in comparison with the lines of other manufacturers, by 3 ... 4 times, energy costs - up to 40%

Longitudinal Studies on Listeria in Smoked Fish Plants: Impact of Intervention Strategies on Contamination Patterns

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2500-2514 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTORIA R. LAPPI ◽  
JOANNE THIMOTHE ◽  
KENDRA KERR NIGHTINGALE ◽  
KENNETH GALL ◽  
VIRGINIA N. SCOTT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
The Impact

Four ready-to-eat smoked fish plants were monitored for 2 years to study Listeria contamination patterns and the impact of plant-specific Listeria control strategies, including employee training and targeted sanitation procedures, on Listeria contamination patterns. Samples from the processing plant environment and from raw and finished product were collected monthly and tested for Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Before implementation of intervention strategies, 19.2% of raw product samples (n = 276), 8.7% of finished product samples (n = 275), and 26.1% of environmental samples (n = 617) tested positive for Listeria spp. During and after implementation of Listeria control strategies, 19.0% of raw product samples (n = 242), 7.0% of finished product samples (n = 244), and 19.5% of environmental samples (n = 527) were positive for Listeria spp. In one of the four fish plants (plant 4), no environmental samples were positive for L. monocytogenes, and this plant was thus excluded from statistical analyses. Based on data pooled from plants 1, 2, and 3, environmental Listeria spp. prevalence was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for nonfood contact surfaces and the finished product area and for the overall core environmental samples after implementation of control strategies. Listeria prevalence for floor drains was similar before and after implementation of controls (49.6 and 54.2%, respectively). Regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship (P < 0.05) between L. monocytogenes prevalence in the environment and in finished products before implementation of control strategies; however, this relationship was absolved by implementation of Listeria control strategies. Molecular subtyping (EcoRI ribotyping) revealed that specific L. monocytogenes ribotypes persisted in three processing plants over time. These persistent ribotypes were responsible for all six finished product contamination events detected in plant 1. Ribotype data also indicated that incoming raw material is only rarely a direct source of finished product contamination. While these data indicate that plant-specific Listeria control strategies can reduce cross-contamination and prevalence of Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes in the plant environment, elimination of persistent L. monocytogenes strains remains a considerable challenge.

DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACIDS COMPONENTS COMPOSITION IN THYMUS X CIRIODORUS VAR. «SILVER QUEEN» HERBAL RAW MATERIAL

Fitoterapia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
J. M. Steshenko ◽  
◽  
O. V. Мazulin ◽  
G. P. Smoylovska ◽  
G. V. Mazulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Material

Research status of microwave-assisted reduction technology of pyrolusite

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Qiannan ◽  
Ling Yeqing ◽  
Zheng Hewen ◽  
Yang Zhi
Keyword(s):  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Research Status ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Research Intensity ◽  
Stable Development

: Manganese ore is an important metallurgical raw material that holds an important strategic position in the national economy of China. However, the grade of manganese ore in the country is mostly low, and the utilization efficiency of lowgrade manganese ore resources is low, which seriously restrict the healthy and stable development of China’s metallurgical industry. As a new green heating method, microwave is expected to address the problems of conventional methods and realize the effective utilization of low-grade manganese ore. In this paper, the research status of the microwave composite reduction of pyrolusite in recent years is reviewed. Microwave plays an important role in metallurgy, and it is the current direction pursued to improve the research intensity of microwave heating and extend it to actual industrial processes.

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