scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges for Field Experiment Equipment

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Sh. Shang ◽  
J. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
International Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern Information Technology ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Intelligent Technology

Modern seed industry development could contribute up to 40 percent to increase agricultural production and effi ciency. Mechanization of fi eld experiments is an important means to improve the effi ciency and precision of fi eld breeding experiments. There is a big gap in the mechanization level and development of fi eld experiments in diff erent countries of the world. The International Association on Mechanization of Field Experiments established in 1964 has played a great role in promoting the development of fi eld experiment mechanization in the world. At present, the advanced fi eld experiment equipment is mainly concentrated in international manufacturers such as Wintersteiger in Austria, Almaco in the United States, Haldrup and Zürn in Germany. As a great agricultural country, China’s demand for rice and maize seeds, the major food crops in the last 10 years, is about 250 million kilograms and 1.15 billion kilograms, respectively. A large amount of demand for seeds prompted China’s fi eld experiment mechanization that has made great progress. The research team of Qingdao Agricultural University has developed 16 types of new plot planters and plot harvesters which have been popularized and applied in China. But diff erent crops, planting patterns and regional characteristics put forward higher requirements for adaptability of fi eld experiment equipment. The precision of the seeder, the cleaning performance of the seeding and harvesting equipment and the intelligent technology of the equipment need to be further improved. In future development, more attention should be paid to the integration of modern information technology and intelligent technology into fi eld test equipment, to improve operational effi ciency and accuracy.

Introduction

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Nēmec
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
International Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Western World ◽  
Mathematical Geology ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
European Universities ◽  
The World

Friends and associates of Daniel F. Merriam have prepared this volume in Dan's honor to commemorate his 65th birthday and mark the 25th anniversary of the International Association for Mathematical Geology. This compendium is in the tradition of the Festschriften issued by European universities and scholarly organizations to honor an individual who has bequeathed an exceptional legacy to his students, associates, and his discipline. Certainly Dan has made such an impact on geology, and particularly mathematical geology. It is a great privilege for rne to write the introduction to this Festschrift. The editors are to be congratulated for their idea to collect and to publish so many representative scientific articles written by famous authors of several generations. Dan Merriam is the most famous mathematical geologist, in the world. This statement will probably provoke some criticism against an over-glorification of Dan. Some readers will have their own candidates (including themselves) for such a top position. I would like to bring a testimony that the statement is correct and far from an ad hoc judgment only for this solemn occasion. It may be of interest to describe how I became acquainted with Dan. In my opinion this will show how thin and delicate was the original tissue of invisible ties which helped to build up the first contacts among Western and Eastern colleagues in the completely new discipline of mathematical geology. The role of Dan Merriam in opening and increasing these contacts has been very active indeed. In the Fall 1964 I was on a family visit in the United States. This was— after the coup of Prague in 1948—my first travel to the free Western world. With some experience in computerized evaluation of ore deposits, I was curious to see the application of computers in geology and to meet colleagues who had experience with introducing statistical methods into regular estimation of ore reserves. I had very useful contacts in Colorado and in Arizona. In Tucson I visited the real birthplace of the APCOM symposia.

scholarly journals Formation of Crop Belts for National Innovative Clusters

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
Lidiya Voyevodina ◽  
◽  
Lyudmila Medvedeva ◽  
Inna Mitrofanova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Government ◽  
Growing Conditions

The aim of the paper is to study the foreign practice in the formation of innovative agro-industrial clusters and to substantiate scientifically the formation of the Russian soybean agricultural belt with the infrastructure providing selection and production of non-GMO soybean in the required volume for domestic consumption and exports. Comparative and system analysis, situational approach, and field experiments were used for the research. As a result of the study, the US experience in the formation of soybean growing clusters was studied. It was found that soybeans are the predominant crop cultivated on irrigated lands in the states of Mississippi, Arkansas, and Nebraska, where the share of soybeans on irrigated lands reaches 59%. The soybean exports are essential to the economies of the United States, Argentina, and Brazil. The main soybeans are exported to China, the consumption of which is estimated at about 100 million tons of soybeans, and it is worth almost $40 billion. For Russia, the proximity to the world leader in imports of soybeans, China, could be one of the advantages in the expansion of supplies to this country, what would stimulate the development of soybean production and the formation of national innovative clusters. The soybean production is based on high-yielding cultivars adapted to local growing conditions. The selection of cultivars without the use of GMO technologies gives the opportunity of having competitive advantages in the organic market. The newest cultivars of the Russian selection are “VNIIOZ 86” and “Volgogradka 1”, which make it possible to obtain 3–4 tons per hectare on chestnut soils of Volgograd region. The formation of a soybean belt will provide a synergistic effect in soybean selection, organization of soybean production, and independence from foreign seed markets. Under the government support within a specialized cluster the core of which should be research institutes providing the scientific and selection core of the soybean agricultural belt in the South of Russia, the production of soybeans can be organized in volumes that cover the needs of the domestic market and increasing supplies to the world food market.

Crime and Socio-Economic Change in Hong Kong

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-127
Author(s):  
Harold Traver
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Changes Over Time

AbstractExpanded crime has been linked with increasing affluence in the United States and Europe, the dislocation of tribal peoples in Africa, and a widening disparity between rich and poor in Latin America. In short, it appears that virtually any part of the world that has been touched by urbanization, industrialization, and economic development must expect increases in crime and delinquency (Cf. Wolf, 1971, Christiansen, 1960). However, crime in Asia has received somewhat less than its fair share of attention. The assumption appears to be that in contrast to other parts of the world a unique combination of cultural values has enabled many Asian countries to maintain low rates of crime in the face of extensive social and economic change (Cf. Schmitt, 1963; Canter and Canter, 1971, and Behrman, 1976). While there can be little doubt that the level of crime in Asian countries is generally below that found in advanced western industrial societies, this is not to say that significant increases in crime have not been observed. Hong Kong is a case in point. More than most societies Hong Kong has managed to successfully compress a great deal of social and economic change into a relatively brief period of time, and during this same period Hong Kong has also experienced pronounced increases in many types of crime. This article reports on an effort to measure trends in crime in Hong Kong and determine what social and economic forces might lie back of these trends. Concentrating on the relation between crime trends and social and economic change shifts attention away from the offender to the offense. Individual motivations obviously has a role to play in crime, but this alone cannot adequately explain why the volume of crime changes over time or why it should apparently be higher in one country than in another. Viewed in this way crime begins to take on a wider significance than if it were merely an expression of personal characteristics or an abberation existing in what would otherwise be a healthy society. Among other things, the magnitude to crime in society and the direction it is moving in may serve as an important means for better understanding how society itself works and what is happening to it.

Status, Stratified Rights, and Accommodation in International Relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-178
Author(s):  
Steven Ward
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interstate Conflict ◽  
World War ◽  
Equal Status ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Means

Abstract Denied status claims can produce serious interstate conflict and accommodation may thus be an important means of avoiding conflict with rising and reemerging status seekers such as China and Russia. But accommodation is an underdeveloped concept. This article draws on scholarship about recognition and hierarchy to propose a novel means of understanding status accommodation: as behavior that sends signals to status seekers about the validity of claims to stratified rights. This framework implies that acts that signal status denial (and thus cause conflict over status) may be driven by three broad kinds of processes: anxiety about a state's position in the world; incompatibility between nonstatus interests and claims to status-implicated rights; and fears about the implications of status accommodation for the validity of discourses and ideas that produce both international and domestic order. These dynamics—especially the latter two—may be linked to domestic political mechanisms and concerns in ways that analysts do not fully appreciate. I illustrate the framework by examining the forces that drove the United States to deny Japanese claims to equal status during the decades before World War II.

International Telesupervision: The Clinical Fellowship Experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
David W. Rule ◽  
Lisa N. Kelchner
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Clinical Supervision ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Access To Services ◽  
East African ◽  
The World ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
National Certification

Telepractice technology allows greater access to speech-language pathology services around the world. These technologies extend beyond evaluation and treatment and are shown to be used effectively in clinical supervision including graduate students and clinical fellows. In fact, a clinical fellow from the United States completed the entire supervised clinical fellowship (CF) year internationally at a rural East African hospital, meeting all requirements for state and national certification by employing telesupervision technology. Thus, telesupervision has the potential to be successfully implemented to address a range of needs including supervisory shortages, health disparities worldwide, and access to services in rural areas where speech-language pathology services are not readily available. The telesupervision experience, potential advantages, implications, and possible limitations are discussed. A brief guide for clinical fellows pursuing telesupervision is also provided.

Sex Differences in Mass Media Preferences Across Four Asian Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Ratnasingam ◽  
Lee Ellis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Preferences

Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.

Sandra Ramos Revisited

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-54
Author(s):  
Silvia Spitta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Graphic Arts ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Political Choices ◽  
The Rich

Sandra Ramos (b. 1969) is one of the few artists to reflect critically on both sides of the Cuban di-lemma, fully embodying the etymological origins of the word in ancient Greek: di-, meaning twice, and lemma, denoting a form of argument involving a choice between equally unfavorable alternatives. Throughout her works she shines a light on the dilemmas faced by Cubans whether in Cuba or the United States, underlining the bad personal and political choices people face in both countries. During the hard 1990s, while still in Havana, the artist focused on the traumatic one-way journey into exile by thousands, as well as the experience of profound abandonment experienced by those who were left behind on the island. Today she lives in Miami and operates a studio there as well as one in Havana. Her initial disorientation in the USA has morphed into an acerbic representation and critique of the current administration and a deep concern with the environmental collapse we face. A buffoonlike Trumpito has joined el Bobo de Abela and Liborio in her gallery of comic characters derived from the rich Cuban graphic arts tradition where she was formed. While Cuba is now represented as a rotten cake with menacing flies hovering over it ready to pounce, a bombastic Trumpito marches across the world stage, trampling everything underfoot, a dollar sign for a face.

The 1970s

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Borstelmann
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Free Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Retirement Plans ◽  
Free Agency ◽  
The World ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Oil Crisis ◽  
American Society

This book looks at an iconic decade when the cultural left and economic right came to the fore in American society and the world at large. While many have seen the 1970s as simply a period of failures epitomized by Watergate, inflation, the oil crisis, global unrest, and disillusionment with military efforts in Vietnam, this book creates a new framework for understanding the period and its legacy. It demonstrates how the 1970s increased social inclusiveness and, at the same time, encouraged commitments to the free market and wariness of government. As a result, American culture and much of the rest of the world became more—and less—equal. This book explores how the 1970s forged the contours of contemporary America. Military, political, and economic crises undercut citizens' confidence in government. Free market enthusiasm led to lower taxes, a volunteer army, individual 401(k) retirement plans, free agency in sports, deregulated airlines, and expansions in gambling and pornography. At the same time, the movement for civil rights grew, promoting changes for women, gays, immigrants, and the disabled. And developments were not limited to the United States. Many countries gave up colonial and racial hierarchies to develop a new formal commitment to human rights, while economic deregulation spread to other parts of the world, from Chile and the United Kingdom to China. Placing a tempestuous political culture within a global perspective, this book shows that the decade wrought irrevocable transformations upon American society and the broader world that continue to resonate today.

The Unquiet Frontier

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub J. Grygiel ◽  
A. Wess Mitchell ◽  
Jakub J. Grygiel ◽  
A. Wess Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Global Order ◽  
American Power ◽  
Alliance Networks ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Critical Regions

From the Baltic to the South China Sea, newly assertive authoritarian states sense an opportunity to resurrect old empires or build new ones at America's expense. Hoping that U.S. decline is real, nations such as Russia, Iran, and China are testing Washington's resolve by targeting vulnerable allies at the frontiers of American power. This book explains why the United States needs a new grand strategy that uses strong frontier alliance networks to raise the costs of military aggression in the new century. The book describes the aggressive methods which rival nations are using to test American power in strategically critical regions throughout the world. It shows how rising and revisionist powers are putting pressure on our frontier allies—countries like Poland, Israel, and Taiwan—to gauge our leaders' commitment to upholding the American-led global order. To cope with these dangerous dynamics, nervous U.S. allies are diversifying their national-security “menu cards” by beefing up their militaries or even aligning with their aggressors. The book reveals how numerous would-be great powers use an arsenal of asymmetric techniques to probe and sift American strength across several regions simultaneously, and how rivals and allies alike are learning from America's management of increasingly interlinked global crises to hone effective strategies of their own. The book demonstrates why the United States must strengthen the international order that has provided greater benefits to the world than any in history.

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