Vibroplasma hardening of the working bodies of agricultural machines

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Akmaral T. Bayniyazova ◽  
Marat M. Abzhaev ◽  
Elizaveta Yu. Kudryashova ◽  
Ildar A. Fayzrakhmanov ◽  
Said N. Sharifullin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Thermal Influence ◽  
Agricultural Machines

The article describes the technology of hardening the working bodies of agricultural machines based on the use of the electric spark energy and vibration arc discharges or the energy of vibroplasma. (Research purpose). The research purpose is studying of the influence of vibroplasma treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of 65G steel, which is the main material of many working bodies of agricultural machinery. (Materials and methods). The studies were carried out on samples from a coulter disk of 30x30 mm with a thickness of 2 mm. The processing was carried out at VDGU-2 technological installations of electric spark alloying in accordance with the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2655420 and vibration arc hardening. Tungsten-cobalt and copper-graphite rods with diameters of 4 and 8 mm were used as electrodes. (Results and discussion). In contrast to the initial sample, the spectrum of the relatively large area of the 65G steel sample hardened by electrospark treatment showed that cobalt (4.92 percents) and tungsten (16.83 percents) are present in the treated layer in appreciable amounts. Measurements of the elemental composition of the local processing zone showed that the main components of this region are tungsten (64.20 percents) and cobalt (7.55 percent). Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, iron, manganese, calcium, silicon, aluminum, and a number of other elements are present in the surface layer of the sample with a vibratory arc treatment, but at lower concentrations in comparison with the listed elements for the sample with electric spark treatment. It has been found that the main phases are carbide and iron oxide, as well as metallic iron. After treatment with vibroplasma, there is a so-called zone of thermal influence near the treated zone. (Conclusions). The surface layer formed by processing parts by vibroplasma represents a new composite structure consisting of three layers. The hardening of the base material in the depth of the part during electrospark machining occurs at 0.5-1.0 millimeter, with vibroplasma machining it is up to 3-4 millimeter. The microhardness of the surface layer of products increased by more than three times.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF ELECTROSPARK FORMATION OF WEAR-RESISTANT COATINGS ON PROCESSED SURFACES

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (144) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Said N. Sharifullin ◽  
◽  
Ayzat S. Akhmetzyanov ◽  
Tat’yana V. Toporkova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Wear Resistant Coatings ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Percent Cobalt ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Agricultural Machines

The article considers a new direction in optimizing the process of plasma hardening of the surfaces of cutting elements of agricultural machines based on the use of electric spark discharge energy. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in optimizing the technological process of hardening the surfaces of cutting elements of agricultural machines by the method of electric spark alloying of carbide material elements. (Materials and methods) A device under RF patent No. 2655420, developed by the scientific supervisor of the subject S. N. Sharifullin, was used for electric spark alloying. A tungsten-cobalt rod with a diameter of 4 millimeters, consisting of 94 percent tungsten and 6 percent cobalt, was used as the electrode material for this case. The processed sample of 65G steel, which is the main material of the working bodies of tillage equipment. The physical and chemical properties of the samples were studied with a scanning electron microscope EVO 50 XVP from Zeiss. (Results and discussion) After the electric spark treatment of the alloyed elements, there were about ten, while their spectra also appear at different irradiation energies. The alloyed elements in the surface layer are not only separate, but also in the form of compounds with other elements. Such alloying elements as carbon, cobalt and tungsten appeared in a noticeable amount in the surface layer. Electric spark treatment allows increasing the microhardness of the surfaces of cutting elements of tillage equipment up to three times. (Conclusions) When developing a mathematical model of the electric spark formation of wear-resistant coatings on the treated surfaces, it is necessary to use the energy conservation equations of the electron gas, the Maxwell equations, the continuity and momentum equations. The complex solution of these equations makes it possible to obtain the required output parameters depending on the input ones.

Operation efficiency of knitters knives of domestic and import production used in agricultural machines

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Valeriy I. Ivanov ◽  
Vyacheslav F. Aulov ◽  
Yuriy N. Rozhkov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Operation Efficiency ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Agricultural Machines

Utilization of various stalks of grain crops (wheat, soy and rapeseed) is made by their grinding, usually in the field. The crushed straw is scattered across the field, and the spreading width is adjusted depending on the width of the reaper cutting devices. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the existing market of knives for agricultural machines; goods of enterprises producing the knives, harvesters, using knives, types of knives, part numbers, specifications of knives in size and durability and to produce a feasibility study of using hardening knives. (Materials and methods) Authors used a digital method of searching through the Internet for enterprises that produce knives; combines that use knives; types of knives and their characteristics. (Results and discussion) It was found that due to intensive wear, the geometry of the cutting part and the overall dimensions of the working bodies of harvesting machines change, which causes violations of agricultural requirements, increased losses during crop harvesting, and increased energy costs. It was found that the efficiency of an agricultural machine directly depends on the state of its working parts, since they are limiting in terms of durability. The article notes that replacement of worn elements is accompanied by more labor, which reduces labor productivity, unnecessary equipment downtime and ultimately reduce profits of the enterprise. These factors indicate the need for technological measures to increase the resource of working parts of cutting devices of agricultural machines. (Conclusions) The article presents the results of the analysis of the market of existing enterprises for the production of knives. It gaves a feasibility to study of the effectiveness of strengthening knives using the technology of the Federal scientific Agroengineering center VIM. Production of hardened knives gives a good economic effect on import substitution.

Technology for restoring virgin and fallow lands

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Anastasiya V. Mironova ◽  
Igor’ V. Liskin ◽  
Andrey I. Panov
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Fallow Soil ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Soil Recovery ◽  
Agricultural Machines

The soils that are subject to restoration include virgin and fallow lands, neglected pastures, soils overgrown with shrubs and young trees, swampy, with admixtures of hummocks and debris. The article shows the shortest period of restoration of virgin and fallow lands. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in comparative analysis of the need for equipment, economic and labor costs for the restoration of fallow lands using traditional and proposed by VIM technologies. (Materials and methods) Authors determined the indicators that characterize the properties of the soil for its restoration. It has been taken into account that for the treatment of this fallow soil, it is preferable to use combined aggregates or equipment with replaceable working bodies. Authors have compiled a set of aggregates for the proposed by VIM technology for soil recovery. The article shows the most productive and economically viable technology. The calculations of the cost of the necessary units, fuel and lubricants consumption, and labor costs are presented. (Results and discussion) It was determined that the restoration of fallow lands using the technology proposed by VIM reduces the cost of using the machine and tractor fleet by 35 percent by reducing the number of agricultural machines, fuel and lubricants by 17 percent, and the labor costs by 12 percent. The article shows that the efficiency of implementing the technology proposed by VIM for restoring virgin and fallow lands without shrubs and trees can reach 28 percent or more. (Conclusions) From the point of view of ecology, resource and energy saving, the most preferable are soil-processing combined units or agricultural machinery with changing working bodies (including those that perform various tasks). When restoring a 200-hectare section of fallow land with a heavy clay mechanical composition on soils that have not been treated for four consecutive years, according to the proposed VIM technology, the cost of restoration decreased by an average of 28 percent.

scholarly journals ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ РЕМОНТНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ИЗНОСА ДЕТАЛЕЙИ ВИДЫ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Churilov ◽  
S.D. Polischuk ◽  
Y.A. Stekolnikov ◽  
I.S. Arapov ◽  
A.V. Shemyakin
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory System ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Agricultural Machines

Организацияремонтного производства на основе оптимального использования передовых технологических процессов позволит восстанавливать и упрочнять рабочие органы сельскохозяйственных машин с учетом минимума затрат как на процессы восстановления, так и на функционирование предприятия в целом.При ремонте существуют несколько вариантов: заменить изношенныедетали на новые или произвести восстановление изношенных с доведением и улучшением их физико-механических свойств.Восстановление более предпочтительно. Оно позволяет сокращать время простоя неисправных машин и оборудования, повышать показатели надежности использования машин.Экономика работ по восстановлению заключается в снижении себестоимостиремонтакак агрегатов,так и машин. При этом необходимо восстановить геометрические показатели деталей.Анализ статистики показал,что годных для восстановления деталей до 50 и только до 9 не подлежат восстановлению.По сравнению с изготовлением новых запасных частей количество операций обработки сокращается в 3-8 раз.Важное преимущество восстановления малая металлоемкость. В процессах восстановления требуется на 50-75 меньше металла,чемдля изготовленияновых.Восстановление деталей к импортным машинам можно рассматривать как альтернативу дорогим оригинальным запчастям.При этом должна быть налажена регламентная систематехобслуживания и ремонтасельскохозяйственных машин по фактическому техническомусостоянию. Качестворемонта зависит оторганизации всех звеньев производственногоцикла, воснове которого лежиткомплексмероприятий техническогохарактера.The organization of repair production based on the optimal use of advanced technological processes will make it possible to restore and strengthen the working bodies of agricultural machines, taking into account the minimum costs of both the restoration processes and the functioning of the enterprise as a whole. During repair, there are several options: to replace worn parts with new ones or to restore worn parts with improvement in their physical and mechanical properties. Recovery is more preferable. It makes possible to reduce the downtime of faulty machines and equipment and to increase their reliability. The economics of restoration work is to reduce the cost of repairs of both units and machines. For this, it is necessary to restore the geometric parameters of the parts. The results of statistics showed that up to 50 of parts were suitable for recovery and only up to 9 cannot be restored.Compared with the manufacture of new spare parts, the number of machining operations is reduced by 3-8 times. An important advantage of recovery is low metal consumption. In the recovery processes, 50-75 less metal is required than for manufacturing the new ones. The restoration of parts for imported machines can be considered as an alternative to expensive original spare parts. At the same time, a regulatory system for maintenance and repair of agricultural machines according to the actual technical condition should be established. The quality of repairs depends on the organization of all parts of the production cycle, which is based on a set of technical measures.

Nanostructuring of the surface layer of the working bodies of agricultural machines with alloyed elements by the method of vibroplasma treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 903
Author(s):  
S.N. Sharifullin ◽  
V.A. Denisov ◽  
R.N. Zadorozhny ◽  
V.A. Zuevskiy ◽  
M.M. Abzhaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Agricultural Machines

Nanostructuring of the surface layer by the method of electric-spark alloying

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Yu. Kudryashova ◽  
Ivan A. Shamberov ◽  
Roman N. Zadoroznyy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Processing Modes

The creation of a universal, economical and high-tech way of increasing the life of both worn and new parts has become an urgent task. Such methods include nanostructuring of surface coatings, which can be performed by electric spark alloying. (Research purpose) The research purpose is studying the possibilities of electric spark alloying in the nanostructuring of the surface layer of carbon steels. (Materials and methods) The authors conducted study of the surface layer of 35-carbon steel with coatings obtained by electric spark alloying on the BIG-1 installation with different materials (Cu, Zn, W and WC) and at different modes. To study the surface layer, the elemental content was studied by x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, the surface profile was studied by profiling, metallographic studies and microhardness measurements. (Results and discussion) The authors revealed that the chemical composition of the alloying electrode and treatment modes have a direct impact on the saturation of the surface layer with alloying elements, the parameters of the profile of the treated surface, the continuity and mechanical properties of the coating. It was found that harder processing modes increase productivity, but reduce mechanical properties. It was also found that the modified structure of the base material contains nanostructured elements because of electroscopic alloying. A sharp increase in the mechanical properties of the coating material allows suggesting that elements of the nanostructural range are present in the coating. (Conclusion) The conducted research shows that the method of electroscopic alloying can be used for nanostructuring of the surface layer of carbon steels.

Improving the efficiency of hardening of tillage machine working bodies by arc surfacing using wear-resistant rollers

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
Dmitriy B. Slinko ◽  
Vyacheslav A. Denisov ◽  
Dmitriy A. Dobrin ◽  
Andrey V. Afanas’yev ◽  
Pavel M. Kislov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Linear Size ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Cored Wire ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Working Bodies

Reducing operating costs during soil processing and increasing the wear resistance of parts and components is an important condition for reducing the cost of agricultural products, increasing its efficiency and competitiveness. The development of materials with increased wear resistance and new effective technologies for strengthening working bodies in their manufacture is now becoming an urgent task. (Research purpose) The research purpose is increasing the wear resistance of the working bodies of soil-processing machines by electric arc surfacing. (Materials and methods) During the experimental study, it has been performed testing of modes and surfacing of a pilot batch of working bodies from Kverneland for field tests in VIM on an automated installation for electric arc surfacing. Authors used eutectic CastolinEnDotec DO*30 powder wire with a diameter of 1.2 millimeters and a boron content of up to 4 percent for surfacing wear-resistant rollers, which allows to obtain wear-resistant rollers with a hardness of up to 65 HRC without pores and cracks. (Results and discussion) It has been revealed that hardened ploughshares that have passed field tests are subject to lower wear rates compared to non-hardened ones. It was found that when operating time is 24.785 hectares per ploughshare, the wear of the linear size of the cutting edge along the width of hardened ploughshares is on average up to 10-11 millimeters less than that of non-hardened ones. It was found that when processing 228 hectares, the wear of the linear size of the cutting edge along the width of hardened bits is on average up to 9-10 millimeters less than that of non-hardened ones. (Conclusions) The technology of surfacing with intermittent wear-resistant rollers provides an increase in the efficiency of hardening of Kverneland working bodies according to the criterion of wear resistance by an average of 20-30 percent. The adjusted technological parameters of the surfacing process will reduce the wear rate and increase the service life of the blade part of the working bodies, as well as reduce the amount of surfaced material by an average of 60 percent. The continuation of work on strengthening the working bodies should be aimed at changing the surfacing scheme and choosing a cheaper domestic cored wire.

A method for evaluating the edge strength of soil-cutting parts of forestry machines

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Voynash ◽  
Viktoriya A. Sokolova ◽  
Viktor I. Kretinin ◽  
Viktor A. Markov ◽  
Elena A. Alekseeva Alekseeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Failure ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Solid Inclusion ◽  
Hard Alloys ◽  
Blade Edge ◽  
Solid Soil ◽  
Soil Cutting ◽  
Cyclic Impact ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Reinforcing Layer

One of the main factors that determine the resistance of blade working bodies against damage under dynamic loads is their resistance to plastic crumpling, brittle or fatigue failure. Hard alloys that strengthen the blades of tillage parts are more brittle materials than steel, so the blunting of their edges is caused by the formation of cracks, their gradual growth or microchipping, even from a possible single impact of a solid inclusion in the soil. In addition to the usual brittle fracture of hard alloys, fatigue failure occurs under cyclic impact conditions. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in identifying the pattern of destruction of the blade edge of soil-cutting parts of forestry machines and theoretically justifying the algorithm for assessing the strength to determine the rational thickness of the wear-resistant coating during hardening. (Materials and methods) The article presents the main regularities of the influence of material properties and geometric parameters of the blade on the radius of rounding. (Results and discussion) The process of breaking the edge of the blade of hardened working bodies of forestry machines has been studied. The claim that the blunting of the blades is mainly due to its destruction and not to wear has been proved. The article presents a method for evaluating the strength of bimetallic blades of soil-cutting parts of forestry machines. It was found that the blunting of the blade occurs as a result of edge destruction in the process of multiple impacts of solid soil inclusions along the edge of the blade. (Conclusions) The article shows that the destruction of the edge of the blade leads to blunting of soil-cutting parts, which affects their performance. It was found that the sharpness of a self-sharpening hardened blade is determined by the thickness of the reinforcing layer and its ability to resist destruction under impact.

INCREASING THE WEAR RESISTANCE OF THE WORKING BODIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES BY THE HDTV METHOD WITH ADDING POWDER OF THE EED METHOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (141) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
IL’YA ROMANOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Working Bodies

The development of energy and resource-saving methods and technologies for strengthening and restoring the working bodies of agricultural machinery will increase their abrasive wear resistance and durability by using materials from machine-building waste and reduce the cost by 10-30 percent without reducing operational characteristics. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the abrasive wear resistance and durability of cultivator legs by surfacing powder materials obtained by electroerosive dispersion from solid alloy waste by high-frequency currents. (Materials and methods) Authors obtained a powder for research on their own experimental installations of the CCP "Nano-Center" of electroerosive dispersion from waste of sintered hard alloys of the T15K6 brand. The microhardness of powders and coatings on microshifts was measured using the PMT-3 device, and the hardness of coatings with the KMT-1 microhardometer was measured using the Rockwell method according to GOST 9013-59. The microwave-40AV installation was used to assess the wear resistance of materials of working bodies of tillage machines. (Results and discussion) In the course of laboratory wear tests the relative wear resistance of samples hardened by high-frequency surfacing currents significantly exceeds the wear resistance of non-hardened samples made OF 65g steel, accepted as the reference standard. (Conclusions) Based on the results of experimental studies, the article proposes a new resource-saving technological process for strengthening the working bodies of agricultural machinery through the use of materials from machine-building waste, which allows increasing the abrasive wear resistance of working bodies by 1.5-2 times due to the use of tungsten-containing materials.

Strategies of maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Aleksey S. Dorokhov ◽  
Aleksandr V. Denisov ◽  
Aleksey A. Solomashkin ◽  
Valeriy S. Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Current Value ◽  
Agricultural Machines

Modern machines are subject to progressive wear that occurs at different rates, which leads to unpredictable failures that reduce the reliability and durability of machines. The strategy of maintenance and repair is aimed at eliminating these problems. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the basic principles of the strategy of maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery in order to ensure control of the technical condition of machine parts. (Materials and methods) When resource diagnostics is used, , the allowable value of the parameter is set in advance for a part . This value is the tolerance that corresponds to a certain wear rate of the part. The tolerance is set based on the condition that if the current value of the controlled resource parameter during the next diagnosis is less than the set value, then such a part at the current value of the wear rate can be finalized until the next inter-control check. Taking into account the wear rate of the same type of parts from the group when determining the allowable wear during their resource diagnostics becomes an urgent task. (Results and discussions) As a result of research, the article presents "Methodology for determining the main indicators of reliability of parts of agricultural machines with different wear rates" and "Methodology for determining the tolerance system of parts of agricultural machines with different wear rates". (Conclusions) The article presents the tolerance system that reduces the probability of failure of machine parts in operation. During resource diagnostics, those parts whose resource parameters exceed the tolerance are rejected.

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