scholarly journals Ericklik in Livadia (Gorny village of the Crimean Mountain Forest Reserve)

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inessa N. Slyunkova
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Chinese Painting ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Mountain Landscape ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Symbolic Images ◽  
Crimean Mountain

A historical-architectural study of one of the least studied monuments of Livadia in the Crimea is presented: the third palace of the royal family - the summer house Ericklik. The attribution of the surviving fragments of park architecture is given. Attention is focused on the value qualities of the heritage site. On the basis of archival documents, an attempt to reconstruct the spatial organization, planning and development of the ensemble was made. Particular attention is devoted to the architecture of a wooden one-story palace, to the combination of features of rationalism, oriental exotism, and Russian style in it For the first time, drawings of projects on Eriklik by architects A.I. Rezanov, A.G. Vensan, V.I. Sychugov are published. The materials indicate the appeal of customers, following Tsarskoye Selo near St. Petersburg, to the Eastern art that was popular in the era of historicism. The special aestheticism and value of Eriklik's architecture consisted of the visual comparison of Crimea nature with the symbolic images of the mountain landscape characteristic of Chinese painting. The study aims to identify and preserve valuable objects of history, architecture, art, natural and park landscape, to introduce the heritage into the orbit of modern culture.

scholarly journals Стоянка среднего палеолита в пещере Иманай-1 на Южном Урале: предварительные итоги археологических исследований

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1271-1291
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav G. Kotov ◽  
◽  
Mikhail M. Rumyantsev ◽  
Dmitry O. Gimranov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Urals ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Middle Paleolithic ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Ural Mountain ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Cave Bear ◽  
The North ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Stone Industry

Introduction. Imanai-1 Cave is a new monument of the Middle Paleolithic in the Southern Urals. It was discovered by the authors in 2009 and is located in the west of the Ural mountain system, in the interfluve of the Belaya and Nugush Rivers, on the border of the mountain-forest and steppe zones. Goals. The paper aims to introduce preliminary results of archaeological investigations into scientific discourse. Results. The cave is of a tunnel type, its 70 m long passage ending with a far hall which contained bones of a small cave bear and a cave lion. The monument is multi-layered. The first cultural horizon contained 399 items of stone and bone. Tools make up to 60 % of all stone products, while cores and scales are absent, therefore, primary and secondary processing was carried out outside the far hall. The stone industry is characterized by the use of shards and amorphous flint chips. The working areas were made out with monofacial and bifacial retouching, incisal cleavage. The tools are of the following types: 3 Mousterian bifacial points, 4 convergent side-scrapers with bifacial processing, butt knives, some with bifacial processing ― 6 items, carvers on fragments and amorphous chips ― 229 items (59 %), points ― 19 items (5 %), tools with a thorn ― 13 items (3 %), incisors ― 21 items (5 %). At the base of the first cultural horizon, a skull of a small cave bear with an artificial hole made with a stone spearhead was found. The industry of the site has numerous analogies at the Ilskaya-1 site in the North Caucasus and in the materials of the upper layer of the Kiik-Koba grotto in the Crimea, as well as at other sites of the Middle Paleolithic of the Tayacian tradition. Three uncalibrated dates show the interval from 26 to 42 thousand years. This indicates the finale of the Mousterian era.

scholarly journals Endangered Mediterranean Mountain Heritage—Case Study of katuns at the Kuči Mountain in Montenegro

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Ivan Laković ◽  
Aleksandra Kapetanović ◽  
Olga Pelcer-Vujačić ◽  
Tatjana Koprivica
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Mountain Landscape ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Importance ◽  
Insight Into

The study gives an insight into the domain of seasonal mountain settlements for summer cattle grazing (katuns), characteristic for the mountainous areas in the Mediterranean basin. The area of the Kuči Mountain in Montenegro was chosen for the case study. The area contains numerous characteristics exemplary for the topic—193 katuns with more than 2900 belonging housing and subsidiary objects. The presented results originate from the 3-year-long investigations, where the data obtained from archival documents were combined with those acquired through intensive field work and visits to each and every katun determined and documented within the area. The density of these settlements, as well as their architectural and constructional characteristics, show the high level of importance they had for the local population up until the last third of 20th century. Currently, changed sociodemographic trends rendered their intensive traditional use obsolete, but used building techniques, their internal organization and organic connection to the surrounding mountain landscape, have nominated them for important part of region’s historical heritage.

scholarly journals Where to Preserve? Evaluating the Integrity Principle for Delineating Protection Scopes of Kaiping Diaolou and Villages

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yin ◽  
Xu Tang ◽  
Wenjia Zhang ◽  
Xiongfei Liang ◽  
Jiancheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Cultural Sustainability ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Culture Heritage ◽  
Functional Distribution

While establishing where to preserve in a world heritage site is critical for heritage protection, management and cultural sustainability, the approach to delineating protection scopes under the integrity principle remains less discussed in literature. This study explores a quantitative approach to evaluating the preservation scopes of the Kaiping Diaolou and Villages (KDVs), a world culture heritage in south China. Diaolous are multiple-story tower dwellings, originally built for defense purposes in the villages of Kaiping, with mixed Chinese and Western architectural styles. We investigate 1629 Diaolous with varying architectural and locational attributes and defensive functions for resisting invasion. We use a GIS-based analysis to identify the boundaries of defensive regions and then categorize them into four types, relying on principal component and clustering analysis. Results suggest that current protection scopes may overlook the spatial organization of Diaolous as a defensive system, failing to consider the cultural value of typology and boundary integrity. The delineation of protection scopes thus need to emphasize functional distribution and organization of historical buildings along with their architectural value.

The Life of N.Ya. Danilevsky. Biographic Essay

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 345-365
Author(s):  
Olga N. Danilevskaya ◽  
Irina R. Danilchenko ◽  
Olga V. Tenny
Keyword(s):  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Crimea

Biographic essay of Ya.N. Danilevsky was written by his direct descendants on the basis of available archival documents, memoirs of contemporaries, supplemented by family letters, photographs and legends. The essay describes all the most important stages of Danilevsky's life, starting with his studying at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, participation in the Petrashevsky circle, imprisonment in the Peter and Paul Fortress, exile to Vologda, work in the Caspian expedition of K.M. Baer, and life in the Crimea at the Mshatka estate, where the fundamental works «Russia and Europe» and «Darwinism. Сritical Rsearch» were written. The image of Nikolai Yakovlevich as a highly moral, humane, kind person, capable of compassion and mercy is revealed. The descendants of N.Ya. Danilevsky sacredly honor the memory of their great ancestor and for six generations tirelessly work to perpetuate his memory. Through the efforts of the descendants, a tombstone was erected on the grave of the philosopher in the Cypress Hall on the territory of his former estate Mshatka in Crimea.

Organization of excursions for students to the Crimea In the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century (Vyatka province is taken as an example)

10.12737/7904 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Галина Мерзлякова ◽  
Galina Merzlyakova ◽  
Лариса Баталова ◽  
Larisa Batalova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Crimean Mountain ◽  
Girls School ◽  
The Given

Basing on the archives´ documents the article looks at the practice of organization of excursions for students to the Crimea in the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Excursion tourist experience of educational institutions in Vyatskaya province, Elabuga girls´ school in particular, is taken as an example to show the way how cultural and educational excursions for students to the Crimea were organized. Detailed account of one of the excursions to the Crimea, published in Vyatskaya diocesan record by one of the students, reveals the role of the Crimean mountain club in the development of cultural and educational excursions for students. All the excursions were arranged in accordance with specially designed programmers under the supervision of the members of the Crimean club and were aimed at familiarizing students with natural and historical monuments in the Crimea. The article gives an example of one excursion itinerary. The author looks into innovative activities of the Crimean mountain club within the tourism industry of the given period. When looking at the Crimean mountain club activities, special attention is paid to its Yalta branch. Yalta branch pioneered organization of excursions for students in Russia. At that time student excursions were one-day trips in the vicinity of Yalta. Much attention is given to the main directions in the work of the Crimean mountain club branch in Yalta, that contributed to the development and popularization of cultural and educational excursions for students, to designing new itineraries and routes (walking, riding, sea, carriage and combined excursions). Moreover Yalta branch negotiated intensely with the suppliers of horses and carriage owners of accommodation and did their best to make excursions for students cheaper.

scholarly journals Unknown plots of the Crimean ethnographic research: Evgenia Spasskaya

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-167
Author(s):  
Andrei A. Nepomnyashchy ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Scientific Biography ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Given ◽  
Crimean Tatar

The given article discloses the unknown pages from the history of the Crimean studies, associated with the rich events of the 20s of the XX century. There were reproduced the unknown directions in the study of ethnography of the Crimean Tatars, in particular, was given the analysis and publication of material collections of the Crimean Tatar embroidery of the ethnographer-collector A. M. Petrova. the material is based on personal archival documents of a great researcher of the Crimea – ethnographer Evgenia Yurievna Spasskaya, they were identified in the National Archival Funds of manuscripts and phonorecords of the Institute of Art, Folklore and Ethnography. M. T. Rylsky NAS of Ukraine. The previously unknown facts of her scientific biography, related to the research in the Crimea and contacts with the Crimean scientists on the basis of her personal documents, were identified in the St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the epistolary heritage of an ethnographer.

scholarly journals Small mammals as reservoirs and vectors of yersiniosis pathogens (Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (19) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Igor Evstafiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Yersinia infections are recorded worldwide and sapronotic natural foci of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis infections also occur in the Crimean Peninsula. Here we studied the distribution and prevalence of pathogenic Yersiniae among small mammals of the Crimean Peninsula based on results of epizootiological monitoring of natural foci infections. Pathogenic Y. enterocolitica were found in 10 species of small mammals, and the average number of infected specimens in the Crimea was 0.11 ± 0.03. The highest prevalence of yersiniosis pathogens was recorded among specimens of M. socialis (4.22 %), M. spicilegus (2.06 %), C. leucodon (1.96 %), S. flavicollis (1.85 %), and S. uralensis (1.33 %). The number of small mammals that are carriers of pathogens of yersinioses varies significantly in different natural zones of the Crimean Peninsula. In the mountain-forest zone, the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica among Micromammalia is 2.94 %, in the foothills it decreases to 0.99 %, in the lowland — to 0.77 % with a lowest value of 0.62 % in steppe areas of the Kerch Peninsula. Results show a decreasing pattern of prevalence of Y. enterocolitica among small mammals from the mountain-forest zone to plain steppe. A reverse trend was revealed for the prevalence of Y. pseudo¬tuberculosis among Micromammalia: 0.03 % in the mountains, 0.17 % in the foothills, and 0.25 % in the steppe. The number of trap-lines with records of Micromammalia having both infections varies from 18.3 % in the foothills to 21.3 % in the mountains and 24.8 % in the steppe zone. The portion of trap-lines with three and more infections is also high (6.7 % in the mountains and foothills and 5.5 % in the steppe). The obtained results show a wide distribution of combined foci in the Crimea. Considering that, in the peninsula, several tick-transmitted and other zoonotic infections (e.g. tick-borne encephalitis and borrelioses, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, Marseilles fever, Q fever, etc.) are widely distributed in the same areas and the pathogens of which are able to reproduce in the same small mammal species as those of yersiniosis and pseudotuberculosis, the real number of combined foci and their diversity in the Crimea could be 3 to 5 times higher.

scholarly journals The South-Eastern Suburb of Bakhchisarai though K. F. Bogaevskii’s Watercolours: Salachik and Chufut-Kale

2021 ◽  
pp. 571-593
Author(s):  
Mariia А. Lomakina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
The South ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Professional Attitude ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The Crimea

Although the watercolours and pen drawings of still existing and already lost architectural buildings created by K. F. Bogaevskii in the 1920s are more modest than his pictures, they still form the golden collection of the Crimean past. The sketches of architectural monuments are a specific part of the painter’s heritage, which certainly made an impact on the development of his creative approach to the Crimean landscape, were the job he did by an order from the institution responsible for all cultural heritage in the region, or the Crimean Department for the Museum Affairs and Protection of the Sites of Art, Past, Nature, and People’s Daily Life (KrymOKHRIS). This paper presents K. F. Bogaevskii’s watercolours discovered in the collection of the Bakhchisarai Historical, Cultural, and Archaeological Museum Preserve and I. K. Aivazovskii Feodosiia Art Gallery: they show mediaeval monuments located in the south-eastern suburbs of Bakhchisarai, Salachik, and Chufut-Kale. The art historical analysis of these works has been done; the history of their creation has been explored. The author underlines the significance of these drawings for the scholarly studies of the cultural heritage sites of Bakhchisarai, reconstruction of their authentic appearance, localization and identification, and the studies in the cultural heritage site protection works in the Crimea in the 1920s. Artistic value of the painter’s works under analysis is beyond any doubt: the precision of drawing, reproduction of architectonics of buildings, necessary details of pictures were caused by the task and corresponded to K. F. Bogaevskii’s high professional attitude to works. The watercolours and drawings create an artistic image of the monuments with the composition incorporated into the existing natural setting. K. F. Bogaevskii was a landscape painter, a master with academic education, who passed through A. I. Kuindzhi’s school.

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