scholarly journals System of insufficiency of the modern theory of long-term resistance of reinforced concrete and designers’ warnings

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf S Sanzharovsky ◽  
Maxim M Manchenko ◽  
Muhlis A Hadzhiev ◽  
Turlybek T Musabaev ◽  
Tatyana N Ter-Emmanuilyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
The World ◽  
World Theory ◽  
Inertial Component ◽  
Fundamental Law

Aim of the research. The essence of the failure of the globally widespread theory of long-term resistance of reinforced concrete is defined and analyzed. Methods. This failure includes the following interconnected parts: 1) the set of ten basic fundamental properties of structural concrete is completely distorted (for example, instantaneous linear properties are Maxwell scheme); 2) mathematical rules are violated when recording the rates of elastic deformation and creep deformation, due to a misunderstanding of the Boltzmann principle (these violations distort the whole structure of the theory); 3) the rules of classical mechanics are violated, what is caused by substitution of fundamental properties of concrete with various “chain models” (for example, the principle of independence of action of forces, which is the fourth fundamental law of Galileo - Newton, is violated); 4) sections of the general “world theory of creep of reinforced concrete”, based on its algebraization, in their essence reject the fundamental law of natural science - Newton's second law: not only the inertial component is rejected, but also forces depending on speed (in this way the “world theory of creep of reinforced concrete” is degraded to the level of Aristotle’s mechanics); 5) unacceptably idealized creep theories and structural models that endow concrete with unrealizable properties, especially flagrant in zones of cracks, are incorporated in the normative calculations of structures; 6) solid design companies of the world show that concrete creep is not a scientific theory: this is a warning to designers. Results. The performed analysis is accompanied by necessary mathematical calculations and experimental estimates.

scholarly journals On the foundations of the electron wave equation

1933 ◽  
Vol 139 (838) ◽  
pp. 349-368 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Equation ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Uniform Motion ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Dimensional Manifold ◽  
Wave Mechanics ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Necessity

1. There are two problems which are fundamental to wave mechanics— that of deducing from first principles the properties of the wave field of ψ, by means of which, on modern theory, the mechanical properties of matter are to be described, and that of formulating a logical description of the properties of matter in terms of ψ. The former only of these problems is discussed in this communication. In spite of many valuable papers that have been published on the subject of Dirac’s remarkable wave equation, the derivation of the equation still seemed (to the present writer, at any rate,) to include some obscurities which could perhaps be removed. To some extent this is owing to the development of the equation, as a matter of historical necessity, having come about by successive extensions to classical mechanics; so that some difficulties have been produced by the fundamental relativity considerations having been introduced into the theory at a late stage, instead of in their proper place at the beginning. In what follows, by treating the problem from the beginning as a four-dimensional one, a deduction of the wave equation free from empirical steps is, I think, obtained, while also certain new features of the equation are brought to light. 2. The Principle of Action .—The method of four-dimensional mechanics is to assume that the motions of bodies in the world can be represented by “tracks,” or curved lines, in a “fourfold.” (This last term will be used here to mean a four-dimensional manifold with Euclidian geometry, i. e ., in which ds 2 = dx i 2 ( i = 1, . . . 4).) (1) Uniform motion in the world is represented by straight line tracks in the fourfold, and the “classical relativity” laws of motion are derived by formulating the simplest mathematical specification of curved tracks which will represent the non-uniform motions of bodies that are usually observed in the world.

scholarly journals ANALISIS STRUKTUR GEDUNG IRNA (INSTALASI RAWAT INAP) RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PASAMAN BARAT MENGGUNAKAN SNI BETON BERTULANG 2847:2019 DAN SNI GEMPA 1726:2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Hamdeni Medriosa ◽  
Fikri Azida Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Earthquake Resistance ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
The West ◽  
Basic Difference ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Earthquake Design ◽  
Building Standards

Indonesia continues to follow the development of building standards in the world which are dynamically changing for the better and safer, both in loading regulations, planning for concrete structures, steel structures, and planning for earthquake resistance. The latest planning standard methods reviewed in this study are SNI-03-1726-2019, SNI-03-2847-2019 and RSNI-03-1727-2020 replacing SNI-03-1726-2012, SNI-03-1727-2013, and SNI-03-2847-2013. The basic difference in SNI-03-1726:2012 compared to SNI-03-1726:2019 is in the coefficients of Fa and Fv, namely the coefficient of soil sites for a long earthquake period of 1 second and in SNI-03-2847:2019 which refers to ACI 318M-14 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete. The results of this study found that this change in the modeling of the West Pasaman Regional General Hospital met the requirements for the SNI-03-1726-2019 earthquake design and the SNI-03-2847-2019 reinforced concrete design.

scholarly journals Theory of the calculation of the reinforced concrete and inconsistency it to Eurocode

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Rudolf S. Sanjarovskiy ◽  
Frieder Sieber ◽  
Tatyana N. Ter-Emmanuilyan ◽  
Maxim M. Manchenko ◽  
Turlybek T. Musabaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Continuous Loading

The aim of the work - to analyze the theory, which is widely used in the calculations of various constructions and buildings, consisting of five theories that do not correspond to each other (or erroneous), which reject the fundamental properties of structural concrete and the principles of the Eurocode. Methods. According to the authors and their research this theory contains: a set of theories of various purposes rejecting each other, including erroneous, physically impossible jumps from one theory to another, jumps of various design schemes, unacceptable in the elastoplastic stage. In it: there are mathematical errors; the fundamental concepts of the classical and general theory of calculation are distorted; the principle of designing bearing capacity in ultimate conditions and the process of continuous loading of structures established by the Eurocode are rejected; the fundamental properties in Eurocode of structural concrete are replaced; it is stated that the theory is determined not by the properties of materials, but by the partialities of the developers; references are made to the abstract results of experiments. Results. We analyze the theory of calculating for mass application which accompanied by the necessary mathematical calculations and experimental estimates.

Thoughts on the Long-Term Strategy, Science and Democracy

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abalkin
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Development ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
World Development ◽  
Crucial Condition

The article covers unified issues of the long-term strategy development, the role of science as well as democracy development in present-day Russia. The problems of budget proficit, the Stabilization Fund issues, implementation of the adopted national projects, an increasing role of regions in strengthening the integrity and prosperity of the country are analyzed. The author reveals that the protection of businessmen and citizens from the all-embracing power of bureaucrats is the crucial condition of democratization of the society. Global trends of the world development and expert functions of the Russian science are presented as well.

Improvement Of Curvilinear Diagrams Of Concrete Deformation

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deformation Diagrams

Problems when calculating reinforced concrete structures based on the concrete deformation under compression diagram, which is presented both in Russian and foreign regulatory documents on the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures are considered. The correctness of their compliance for all classes of concrete remains very approximate, especially a significant difference occurs when using Euronorm due to the different shape and sizes of the samples. At present, there are no methodical recommendations for determining the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under axial compression and the construction of curvilinear deformation diagrams, which leads to limited experimental data and, as a result, does not make it possible to enter more detailed ultimate strain values into domestic standards. The results of experimental studies to determine the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under compression for different classes of concrete, which allowed to make analytical dependences for the evaluation of the ultimate relative deformations and description of curvilinear deformation diagrams, are presented. The article discusses various options for using the deformation model to assess the stress-strain state of the structure, it is concluded that it is necessary to use not only the finite values of the ultimate deformations, but also their intermediate values. This requires reliable diagrams "s–e” for all classes of concrete. The difficulties of measuring deformations in concrete subjected to peak load, corresponding to the prismatic strength, as well as main cracks that appeared under conditions of long-term step loading are highlighted. Variants of more accurate measurements are proposed. Development and implementation of the new standard GOST "Concretes. Methods for determination of complete diagrams" on the basis of the developed method for obtaining complete diagrams of concrete deformation under compression for the evaluation of ultimate deformability of concrete under compression are necessary.

Coal's Persistence in the Capitalist World-Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Gellert ◽  
Paul S. Ciccantell
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Capitalist World Economy ◽  
Capitalist World

Predominant analyses of energy offer insufficient theoretical and political-economic insight into the persistence of coal and other fossil fuels. The dominant narrative of coal powering the Industrial Revolution, and Great Britain's world dominance in the nineteenth century giving way to a U.S.- and oil-dominated twentieth century, is marred by teleological assumptions. The key assumption that a complete energy “transition” will occur leads some to conceive of a renewable-energy-dominated twenty-first century led by China. After critiquing the teleological assumptions of modernization, ecological modernization, energetics, and even world-systems analysis of energy “transition,” this paper offers a world-systems perspective on the “raw” materialism of coal. Examining the material characteristics of coal and the unequal structure of the world-economy, the paper uses long-term data from governmental and private sources to reveal the lack of transition as new sources of energy are added. The increases in coal consumption in China and India as they have ascended in the capitalist world-economy have more than offset the leveling-off and decline in some core nations. A true global peak and decline (let alone full substitution) in energy generally and coal specifically has never happened. The future need not repeat the past, but technical, policy, and movement approaches will not get far without addressing the structural imperatives of capitalist growth and the uneven power structures and processes of long-term change of the world-system.

The Theory of Accounting in the Context of Modern Paradigm of Scientific Knowledge

2017 ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Vita Semanyuk
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Practical Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
World Level

Accounting as a practical activity was being developed during millennia but the final forming of accounting science is impossible without the development of its modern theory, which is correspondent to the requirements of scientific doctrines of the 21st century. The existing theory, in many cases, is not good at all and, in general, it is the set of technical approaches of realization of double record. The results of economic investigations of the world level show the impossibility of modern accounting science to fulfill its functions because of its conservative character and it was not changed during many years. All these investigations have a direct impact on economy and show that the understanding of the basic postulates changes and the stress is made on psychological and social aspects and avoiding of material ruling.

Covid-19 and Mining industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.B. Kondratiev
Keyword(s):  
Mining Industry ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Commodity Demand ◽  
Long Term Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the commodity markets and mining industry around the world in different ways. Mining company’s operations have been hit by coronavirus outbreaks and government-mandated production stops. Demand for many commodities remains low. This paper examines the potential long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on future commodity demand, mining prospects, as well as tactical and strategic steps by mining companies to overcome the current crisis quickly and effectively.

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