scholarly journals Concentration camps of Nazi Germany as a phenomenon. Opportunities and the problem of understanding

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221
Author(s):  
Boris Grigor'evich Yakemenko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
The World

This article deals with the Nazi concentration camps as a phenomenon of social life and social thought in Europe in the mid-second half of the twentieth century. Today, when the world is experiencing a crisis of political and social institutions, there is less and less hope that this realization will happen. It describes the prerequisites for the formation of the system of concentration camps in Nazi Germany, the forms of their functioning, and provides comparative data on the statistics of the number of camps. It is also pointed out the importance of understanding the processes of psychological destruction of a person in the camp.

scholarly journals Przestrogi dla utopistów. Wizje optimum dóbr w historii idei w książce Andrzeja Waśkiewicza

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Sokół
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Social Orders

The subject of this essay is Andrzej Waśkiewicz’s book Ludzie – rzeczy – ludzie. O porządkach społecznych, gdzie rzeczy łączą, nie dzielą (People–Things–People: On Social Orders Where Things Connect Rather Than Divide People). The book is the work of a historian of ideas and concerns contemporary searches for alternatives to capitalism: the review presents the book’s overview of visions of society in which the market, property, inequality, or profit do not play significant roles. Such visions reach back to Western utopian social and political thought, from Plato to the nineteenth century. In comparing these ideas with contemporary visions of the world of post-capitalism, the author of the book proposes a general typology of such images. Ultimately, in reference to Simmel, he takes a critical stance toward the proposals, recognizing the exchange of goods to be a fundamental and indispensable element of social life. The author of the review raises two issues that came to mind while reading the book. First, the juxtaposition of texts of a very different nature within the uniform category of “utopia” causes us to question the role and status of reflections regarding the future and of speculative theory in contemporary social thought; second, such a juxtaposition suggests that reflecting on the social “optimal good” requires a much more precise and complex conception of a “thing,” for instance, as is proposed by new materialism or anthropological studies of objects and value as such.

scholarly journals The world of concentration camp in Nazi Germany. The main features of the phenomenology of the unknown

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Boris Grigor'evich Yakemenko
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Difficult Area

The system of concentration camps of Nazism, despite the abundance of special literature on this topic, is a phenomenon that only today historical science begins to reveal to itself. The inner world of the prisoners in the camps, the mental, psychological and physical conditions in which the prisoners found themselves, was and remains a particularly difficult area for researchers. This is due to the fact that one of the most difficult problems faced by the researcher of the phenomenology of the Concentration world is directly the problem of understanding this phenomenon. Is it possible to understand this phenomenology, and if so, to what extent? The article attempts to answer this question based on the consideration of the various conditions of the prisoner in the camp.

In Defense of Justice

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen H. Tamura
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

As a leading dissident in the World War II concentration camps for Japanese Americans, Joseph Yoshisuke Kurihara stands out as an icon of Japanese American resistance. In this biography, Kurihara's life provides a window into the history of Japanese Americans during the first half of the twentieth century. Born in Hawaiʻi to Japanese parents who immigrated to work on the sugar plantations, Kurihara was transformed by the forced removal and incarceration of ethnic Japanese during World War II. As an inmate at Manzanar in California, Kurihara became one of the leaders of a dissident group within the camp and was implicated in “the Manzanar incident,” a serious civil disturbance that erupted on December 6, 1942. In 1945, after three years and seven months of incarceration, he renounced his U.S. citizenship and boarded a ship for Japan, never to return to the United States. Shedding light on the turmoil within the camps as well as the sensitive and formerly unspoken issue of citizenship renunciation among Japanese Americans, this book explores one man's struggles with the complexities of loyalty and dissent.

Women and Popular Politics in Twentieth-Century South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Healy-Clancy
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Democratic Transition ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Popular Politics ◽  
Grassroots Activism ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines the history and historiography of women’s engagement in popular politics in twentieth-century South Africa. Over the first half of the century, women’s combination of marginality from male-dominated politics and centrality to social life made them critical to a range of grassroots movements. Feminist scholars have demonstrated how contending visions of nationalism aimed at transforming the state not only through moments of protest, but also by everyday transformations of social institutions. Women became central to both apartheid state-building and antiapartheid politics, often by organizing in ways that shared much with older forms of organization: most strikingly, they continued to mobilize as mothers. While women’s grassroots activism enabled the survival of the antiapartheid movement, an entrenched history of male leadership worked to women’s disadvantage in the democratic transition.

Sociology in a crisis: Covid-19 and the colonial politics of knowledge production in Aotearoa New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-703
Author(s):  
Simon Barber ◽  
Sereana Naepi
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
The Political ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Edge ◽  
The University

Rather than being exceptional for Māori and Pacific Peoples, Covid-19 is the latest iteration of virulent disease that arrived with European colonisation. The various pandemics are connected; they exacerbate and intensify existing conditions of colonial inequality and injustice. The political and economic marginalisation of Māori and Pasifika within Aotearoa New Zealand ensures that Covid-19 will have disproportionate impacts upon them. Covid-19’s impacts will be felt in the academy as everywhere else. The immediate issue will be the culling of less popular ‘uneconomic’ courses, and of precarious instructors (where Māori and Pacific teachers are over-represented). Colonisation never ended. Ongoing domination is secured through the reproduction of social life, including via social institutions like the university. While sociology likes to think of itself as the critical edge, it often fails to be so in relation to its own assumptions. In order for sociology to be part of the solution, instead of simply perpetuating the problem of racism as it is wont to do, its practitioners must recognise our place in the world, must speak to our ways of knowing and being, and must validate the aspirations of Māori and Pacific communities, Māori and Pacific students and Māori and Pacific staff.

Anabaptist Approaches to Economics

2014 ◽  
pp. 244-262
Author(s):  
Jim Halteman
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Slippery Slope ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Constructive Engagement

Anabaptists have moved from a position of separatism to a call for faithful interaction with the world even if ambiguities lead to some compromises. Anabaptists can improve the secular order on the margins by joining with non-Christians who share some of their values and by providing in their businesses and consumer practices an alternative model of what faithful stewardship might look like for the Christian. For some, this is movement down a slippery slope to worldliness and for others this increased involvement in existing social institutions is light and salt to the world. This chapter examines the origins of Anabaptist social thought and then follows the trend toward constructive engagement with the social order by examining the work of key Anabaptist thinkers and practitioners from the last century. There is not a unified theoretical approach to economic systems in recent Anabaptist thought, but the historical contextual methodology of American institutionalism may be the most appealing economic school of thought for Anabaptism today.

scholarly journals This sweet word “freedom” (On the formulation of the problem of freedom in the Italian political thought of the twentieth century)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-105
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The World ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Statistical Laws

People from century to century tried to determine the degree of its independence from external circumstances. And every time he found himself in front of a fact that changed the world raises the question of freedom in new ways. All the historically important battles of the twentieth century can be reduced to a confrontation over what it means to be free. The rationalistic understanding of human life that prevailed in the previous few centuries gave rise to the illusion that the world can be well organized if its structure is properly explained. Practice has shown that not everything is so simple and a rationalistic approach that suggests considering freedom as a known necessity does not allow us to liberate and make humanity happy. The statistical laws prevailing in society give rise to so many manifestations of necessity that it sometimes occurs to us that there is nothing in social life but chance. The collapse of the Soviet Union, and the usual gap relationships and the imbalance of social and political forces have forced the Europeans to search for ways to preserve their own cultural identity. Violation of ideological balance as a result of the falling interest of people towards communism creates a situation in which only the religious consciousness can become a pillar of modern embarrassed man. However, in this circumstance, there is another side: the flight into the illusory world of thoughts, in the area of supposed freedom. Today in the beginning of the third Millennium, we have to admit that so far from the final solution to the problem of freedom as thinkers of the past centuries.

Development of the Jewish religious movement "Khabad" in Ukraine in the 20's of the twentieth century

2001 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
O. V. Kozerod
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Important Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Problems

The development of the Jewish religious movement "Khabad" and its organizations in the first quarter of the twentieth century - one of the important research problems, which is still practically not considered in the domestic Judaica. At the same time, this problem is relevant in connection with the fact that the religious movement "Khabad" during the twentieth century became the most widespread and influential area of Judaism in Ukraine and throughout the world.

Coda: The Rosetta Stone

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Schotter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Digital Code ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Rosetta Stone ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Imagination ◽  
Origin Point

Hieroglyphs have persisted for so long in the Western imagination because of the malleability of their metaphorical meanings. Emblems of readability and unreadability, universality and difference, writing and film, writing and digital media, hieroglyphs serve to encompass many of the central tensions in understandings of race, nation, language and media in the twentieth century. For Pound and Lindsay, they served as inspirations for a more direct and universal form of writing; for Woolf, as a way of treating the new medium of film and our perceptions of the world as a kind of language. For Conrad and Welles, they embodied the hybridity of writing or the images of film; for al-Hakim and Mahfouz, the persistence of links between ancient Pharaonic civilisation and a newly independent Egypt. For Joyce, hieroglyphs symbolised the origin point for the world’s cultures and nations; for Pynchon, the connection between digital code and the novel. In their modernist interpretations and applications, hieroglyphs bring together writing and new media technologies, language and the material world, and all the nations and languages of the globe....

Modernism, Empiricism, and Rationalism

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Squires
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Irish Poetry ◽  
Dimensional Spectrum ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rule Out

Modernism is usually defined historically as the composite movement at the beginning of the twentieth century which led to a radical break with what had gone before in literature and the other arts. Given the problems of the continuing use of the concept to cover subsequent writing, this essay proposes an alternative, philosophical perspective which explores the impact of rationalism (what we bring to the world) on the prevailing empiricism (what we take from the world) of modern poetry, which leads to a concern with consciousness rather than experience. This in turn involves a re-conceptualisation of the lyric or narrative I, of language itself as a phenomenon, and of other poetic themes such as nature, culture, history, and art. Against the background of the dominant empiricism of modern Irish poetry as presented in Crotty's anthology, the essay explores these ideas in terms of a small number of poets who may be considered modernist in various ways. This does not rule out modernist elements in some other poets and the initial distinction between a poetics of experience and one of consciousness is better seen as a multi-dimensional spectrum that requires further, more detailed analysis than is possible here.

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