scholarly journals The sentiments of the population in Vladimir Region during the Great Patriotic War

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-554
Author(s):  
Ilya S. Tryakhov
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
The People ◽  
Vladimir Region ◽  
Territorial Unit ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Occupied Territories

The article examines the mood of home front workers during the Great Patriotic War based on the materials of Vladimir region, a region that had its own specific features. The author draws attention to the change in the rear position of this territorial unit during the war. The sources for the analysis were archival documents, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, as well as documents of a memoir and epistolary nature. The study of Soviet propaganda during the indicated period draws attention to the transition from predominantly internationalist to patriotic slogans - a process that started at the very beginning of the war, with some precedents already in the last pre-war year. In the course of the study, the author identifies the ambiguous sentiments of the population in the rear in relation to the war and their living conditions. Attention is drawn to the fact that citizens had a negative perception of a number of actions of the authorities in the initial period of the war. The article tells the difficult situation in the rear during the battle for Moscow, a victory which to a large extent caused a turn in the mood of the majority of the population. An analysis of the letters of front-line soldiers and home front workers clearly reveals the fatalism of most of them, and their submissive adherence to their prescribed fate. At the same time, their letters show the hope for a quick victory over Nazism and the belief that their closest descendants would be able to build a bright future. Despite the predominantly patriotic statements, the example of the Vladimir region shows a critical attitude towards the Soviet government, not only on regional but also on central level. Still, one cannot but confirm that Soviet propaganda was very successful in consolidating the people during the war, which was of course facilitated by the policy of Nazi Germany both at the front and in the temporarily occupied territories.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL MEMORY OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN NARRATIVE SOURCES.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-638
Author(s):  
Alim Tetuev
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Front Line ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The People ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Local Party

The article examines the memory of the Great Patriotic War in letters, memoirs and literary sources of front-line soldiers and workers of the rear of Kabardino-Balkaria. The state of historiography and sources of the studied problem is analyzed, its relevance is substantiated. The experience of party political and propaganda work of the Main Political Administration of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army and local party and Soviet bodies for educating the Red Army and home front workers in the spirit of Soviet patriotism, national unity, hatred of the German occupiers and belief in victory will be summarized.  The letters and addresses of front-line soldiers to relatives and friends, home front workers, and local party and Soviet authorities were identified and investigated.  The letters and appeals of relatives and friends, home front workers, and local party and Soviet government bodies to front-line soldiers are examined. The reflection of war in the literary sources of the front-line soldiers, which are dedicated to the people of the front and rear, is considered. The analysis of the problem under study showed that the tasks of rallying and mobilizing all forces to achieve victory were characteristic of the consciousness of front-line soldiers and rear in an extreme situation.    

scholarly journals Revisiting the Scope of Collaboration in the Days of the Great Patriotic War: A Case-Study of the Smolensk Region

2018 ◽  
pp. 856-866
Author(s):  
Dmitriy E. Komarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Scale Resistance ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
Intense Debate

The article assesses the scope of collaboration in occupied Soviet territories in the days of the Great Patriotic War. This topic is a matter of intense debate in modern Russian scholarship. The most controversial issue is the extent to which Soviet citizens participated in events organized by invaders in occupied territories and the support which local population lent to occupation authorities. The article assesses potential threat of collaborationism in political, as well as economic terms. Having seized the richest and most economically developed regions of the country, the enemy could have significantly strengthened his military potential. National historiography has not yet integrated all data on stratification of local population in their stance toward invaders. It is an extremely difficult task to accomplish nationwide. As occupied territories were culturally, historically and socio-politically heterogeneous, it should be approached by studying republics and regions on a standalone basis. The case-study of the Smolensk region draws on archival materials to determine the share of Soviet citizens cooperating with occupation authorities within the framework of ‘administrative collaboration.’ It concludes that the number of Smolensk families whose members can be classified as ‘administrative collaborators,’ did not exceed 12%, whereas more than 9% of Smolensk families had members who took an active part in the struggle against invaders in the partisan detachments. Thus, the article demonstrates that two extreme irreconcilable phenomena in the occupied territories — collaborationism and partisans movement — were practically in balance. The absolute majority of Smolensk residents (almost 80%) did their utmost to avoid participation in both. Further developments in the Smolensk region proved that their ‘neutrality’ was conditional: the population remained loyal to the Soviet government and formed a social base for large-scale resistance to the occupation policy. Smolensk region became one of the centers of the partisan movement. To a certain extent, Smolensk data can be extrapolated to other western regions of the Russian non-black earth area.

AGITATION AND PROPAGANDA PROTECTION OF STATE INTERESTS IN THE IVANOVO REGION IN 1941

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Vladimir Okolotin
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Radio Broadcasting ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Defense

The article is devoted to the study of the actions of the Soviet state on agitation and propaganda protection of state interests in the Ivanovo region in 1941. It reflects the measures of the Soviet government and the state defense Committee of the USSR to prevent uncontrolled forms of dissemination of information that arouses alarm among the population and measures of responsibility for these actions. Important attention is paid to such official means of countering German propaganda in the Ivanovo region as radio broadcasting, periodicals and film production. It shows the specifics of their activities in the most difficult conditions of the initial period of the great Patriotic war, the degree of perception of the population of the region of the information they bring. The article is based on the materials of the Russian state archive of socio-political history, the state archive of the Ivanovo region and the local periodical press. The results of this research may be of interest to specialists in the history of the great Patriotic war, students of higher educational institutions, as well as the General public.

scholarly journals Working Conditions at the Enterprises in the Years of the Great Patriotic War (on the Materials of the Vladimir Region)

TECHNOLOGOS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Tryakhov Ilja
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Labor Discipline ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Vladimir Region ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Hard Times ◽  
State Archives

The analysis of employment conditions of workers at the enterprises of Vladimir region during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) has been presented in the article. Employment conditions in which the workers on home front existed have been considered not only as an act of bravery but as the problem of efficient enterprise functioning in the years of war as well. Predominance of the state and social interests over the interests of individual employee has been paid attention too. The materials of the party funds of Vladimir region city committees stored in the State Archives of the Vladimir Region (GAVO) has become the source base of the article. In addition, the memoirs of workers on home front about their personal experience during the hard times of war are significant sources. The study identifies the most important and frequent difficulties which took place at the enterprises of the region under consideration. The author highlights the poor adherence to safety standards, unsatisfactory working conditions in the shops (low temperatures, lack of amenities, unsanitary conditions, lack of overalls and footwear) as the problems faced by workers of factories. In addition, there was an irrational use of existing employees, inadequate nutrition, conflicts between individual employees and their immediate superiors. The latter often led to the execution of cases against workers for violations of labor discipline in accordance with the decrees of June 26, 1940 and December 26, 1941. As a result of the analysis of wartime documents the author comes to the conclusion that a number of problems that workers of factories of the studied region faced with during the war years were constantly unresolved. Despite the ongoing war human conflicts have not disappeared, the clarification of which for some administrators was more important than the successful functioning of the area of work entrusted to them. This resulted in cases of illegal persecution of workers for alleged violations of labor discipline, which did not increase the authority of the enterprise administration.

scholarly journals PRACTICE OF USING DATABASES AND GIS-INFORMATION IN ORDER TO PERPETUATE NAMES OF SOLDIERS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Владимир Геннадьевич Щекотилов ◽  
Олег Евгеньевич Лазарев ◽  
Мария Владимировна Шалаева ◽  
Светлана Николаевна Щекотилова
Keyword(s):  
Functional Program ◽  
The People ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Post War

В условиях изменения состава общедоступных программных средств разработана функциональная программа навигации по картам Великой Отечественной войны, а также довоенным и послевоенным картам на основе библиотеки Leaflet. С целью восполнения неучтенных данных в карте боевого пути дивизий в системе «Память народа» предложено использовать данные из донесениий. Методика выявления данных о гибели воинов, считающихся пропавшими без вести, основывается на временном, пространственном и атрибутивном сопоставлении данных из различных архивных документов с использованием баз данных систем «Мемориал» и «Память народа», адаптированных в ГИС военных и современных карт. In the context of changing the composition of publicly available software, a functional program for navigating the maps of the Great Fatherland War, as well as pre-war and post-war maps based on the Leaflet library, was worked out. In order to make up for unaccounted data in the combat path map of divisions in the Memory of the People system, it was proposed to use data from reports. The methodology for identifying data on the death of warriors considered missing is based on the temporal, spatial and attributive comparison of data from various archival documents using the databases of the Memorial and Memory of the People systems adapted in the GIS of military and modern maps.

Creating Ecclesiastical and Civil Records: Problems of Institutional Transfer in Soviet Russia in the First Years after the 1917 Revolution

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5 (103)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Evgenia Tarasyutina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The West ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The People ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Church ◽  
Parish Registers

This paper introduces how, the process of creating registry offices took place after the 1917 revolution. There were active discussions about the introduction of civil metrication in the Russian Empire in the middle of the 19th — beginning of the 20th centuries, as well as in the West. This was due to the fact that it became more and more difficult to describe the multi-ethnic and multi-confessional population with the help of parish registers of various confessions. The situation with the collection of various statistics by the church has ceased to satisfy government officials. After the 1917 revolution, thanks to social and political prerequisites, the Bolsheviks were able to institutionalize this transition. Archival documents of the People's Commissariat of Justice and specialized periodicals show how, after The Decree on Separation of Church from State in 1918, the Soviet government was forced to organize a new civil institution, which took over the functions and tasks of the church in keeping registers of births, deaths and marriages.

CULTURE OF THE RUSSIAN WORLD - A SPIRITUAL SLOGAN FACTOR OF VICTORY IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR KSENOFONTOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Soviet People ◽  
The People ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Art Activities ◽  
Artistic Images ◽  
Great Victory

The article reveals the essence and specificity of culture as an important component of the spiritual factor of victory. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of fiction. The article substantiates the moral and aesthetic impact on the consciousness of defenders of the Motherland, such works of art as“They fought for the Motherland”,“Leningrad poem”,“Russian character”,“Invasion”, etc. The article describes the significant role of theatrical art, which reveals the moral values of the people and Soviet soldiers. This is reflected in such plays as: “the Front”; “the Guy from our city”; “Once upon a time”, etc. The article substantiates the important role of the spiritual influence of cinema on Soviet people. This influence was realized through artistic images of selfless service to the Motherland, loyalty to military duty. Among these films: “Two fighters”, “Wait for me”, “Front-line friends”. During the war, as the article emphasizes, an important component of the spiritual factor of victory was the musical art. Activities in this area of culture famous musicians:B. Astafiev, S. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich, A. Alexandrov, V. Soloviev-Sedoy, and others, was implemented in operas, symphonies, cantatas and songs, which by their nature emotional expression differed Patriotic and epic strength. The purpose of the research : to reveal the axiological components, culture of the Russian world, as important components, spiritual factor during the great Patriotic war. Conclusions : the culture of the Russian world at various stages of the great Patriotic War, through a variety of means and forms, actively mobilized all Soviet people to defend the Motherland and defeat Nazi Germany. The spiritual culture of our country and its types, in the course of functioning, during the war, clearly and expressively revealed the idea of patriotism, courage, bravery and heroism, and encouraged the Soviet people, the soldiers of the red Army, to achieve a great Victory.

Collected Documents on the History of the Pskov Orthodox Mission: A Recent Publication

2018 ◽  
pp. 306-312
Author(s):  
Veniamin F. Zima ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Underground Resistance ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Church ◽  
Insight Into

The reviewed work is devoted to a significant, and yet little-studied in both national and foreign scholarship, issue of the clergy interactions with German occupational authorities on the territory of the USSR in the days of the Great Patriotic War. It introduces into scientific use historically significant complex of documents (1941-1945) from the archive of the Office of the Metropolitan Sergius (Voskresensky) of Vilnius and Lithuania, patriarchal exarch in Latvia and Estonia, and also records from the investigatory records on charges against clergy and employees concerned in the activities of the Pskov Orthodox Mission (1944-1990). Documents included in the publication are stored in the archives of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Estonia, Lithuania, Leningrad, Novgorod, and Pskov regions. They allow some insight into nature, forms, and methods of the Nazi occupational regime policies in the conquered territories (including policies towards the Church). The documents capture religious policies of the Nazis and inner life of the exarchate, describe actual situation of population and clergy, management activities and counterinsurgency on the occupied territories. The documents bring to light connections between the exarchate and German counterintelligence and reveal the nature of political police work with informants. They capture the political mood of population and prisoners of war. There is information on participants of partisan movement and underground resistance, on communication net between the patriarchal exarchate in the Baltic states and the German counterintelligence. Reports and dispatches of the clergy in the pay of the Nazis addressed to the Metropolitan Sergius (Voskresensky) contain detailed activity reports. Investigatory records contain important biographical information and personal data on the collaborators. Most of the documents, being classified, have never been published before.

COLLECTING THE PERSONAL ORIGIN DOCUMENTS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR PERIOD

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Elena M. Burova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Literature ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Organization Of Work ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ordinary Citizens

The article covers the issues of initiative acquisition of archives in the documents of personal origin during the Great Patriotic War, the organization of work to identify and collect the wartime documents. Collecting documents of ordinary citizens, in particular letters from the front and to the front is analyzed. Proposals to create the specialized archives of documents on the history of the war were never implemented. Quite a lot of the actions, search operations and expeditions were conducted in the country, for example, the “Chronicle of the Great Patriotic War”, the “Frontline letter”, the “Search”, the “Memory”, etc., during which a significant number of documents of war participants and home front workers were collected and stored. Not so much of the documents of personal origin of the war participants are concentrated in the archives. In general, there prevails the collection type of organization for storing documents from the period of the Great Patriotic War. With reference to the corpus of documents of personal origin of the war period the research literature pays its attention mostly to correspondence and diaries, memoirs. Historians and archivists, analyzing wartime letters, offer different classifications depending on the authors, recipients, subjects, etc. The article provides a generalized classification of letters based on their inherent similarities. The author also analyzes the reasons for a small number of extant diaries and memoirs, and provides examples of their classification. Likewise the article describes current approaches to the collection of personal papers within the frames of the Moscow Glavarkhiv project “Moscow – with care for history” and the Ministry of Defense project “The Memory Road”.

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