scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR “GREEN” FINANCE IN RUSSIA, THE EU AND CHINA: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena P. Ermakova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Dialectical Logic ◽  
Green Finance ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal regulation of green financing in the European Union, China and Russia. It has been substantiated that a harmonious and completed system of regulatory regulation of green financing has not yet developed either in the PRC or the EU. In this regard, a comparative analysis of the above issues is of particular importance. The purpose of this article is to form an understanding of the legal framework for green finance in the European Union, China and Russia based on an analysis of regulatory acts and scientific sources. The following methods have been applied: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Private scientific methods employed in the work are legal-dogmatic and the method of interpretation of legal norms. Results: the study showed that green financing refers to financial transactions that support the transition to an economy with low carbon emissions and the fight against climate change. In recent years, China has been the leader in green financing, accounting for 28%, or $ 32 billion, of green bonds issued in 2018. Conclusions: In the PRC, the concept and foundations of the legal regulation of green finance are enshrined in the 2016 Guide to Creating a Green Financial System. The main elements included in the concept comprise: 1) pilot areas of green financing, 2) green loans, 3) green funds and public-private partnerships; 4) green securities; 5) green insurance; 6) environmental credit trading; 7) environ-mental risks. The European Union also strives to be a global leader in the fight against climate change. A number of EU regulations and directives regulate various aspects of green financing. On December 11, 2019, the European Commission introduced the European Green Deal, a new concept for economic growth aimed at making Europe the first climate neutral continent. The most ambitious draft of this program is the development of a pan-European climate law (climate code), a draft of which is due in March 2020. Russia is still lagging behind world leaders on the regulatory regulation of green financing, but the first steps in this direction have already been taken. The study was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Federal Property Fund in the framework of the scientific project No. 20-011-00270 "а" (Scientific adviser - E.E. Frolova).

scholarly journals The “New” Environmental Policy Of The European Union: A Path To Development Of A Circular Economy And Mitigation Of The Negative Effects Of Climate Change

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Wysokińska
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Carbon Economy ◽  
The Eu

This paper analyses the evolution of the new environmental policy of the European Union in the context of the efforts undertaken to moderate the negative effects of climate change. It describes all the activities in the European Union designed to implement new tools of the EU environmental policy, such as low carbon economy technologies, tools that improve the efficiency of managing the limited natural resources, the environmentally friendly transport package, etc. All of them are aimed at laying the foundations of the circular economy, which may also be referred to as a closed-loop economy, i.e., an economy that does not generate excessive waste and whereby any waste becomes a resource.

scholarly journals Legal Framework for Green Finance in the EU and Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Sannikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
National Standards ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Investor Confidence ◽  
Green Finance ◽  
Sustainable Finance ◽  
Verification Process ◽  
The Eu

The climate agenda has recently taken on new significance with global climate change threatening all of humanity. The regulation of green finance instruments needs to be improved in order to attract more money to fight global warming. To ensure investor confidence in green instruments, a common standard for them must be created. The European Union and Russia have been forming a regulatory framework aiming to create national standards for green bonds. The present article analyses the European Commission’s proposed package of measures to help improve the flow of money toward financing the transition to a sustainable economy. The author explores the problems of developing legal regulation of sustainable finance in Russia, especially with regard to the creation of a national taxonomy of green projects and national verification of sustainable financial instruments. The comparative legal study of the EU and Russian draft laws on green finance has demonstrated similar approaches to establishing regulatory rules. The article describes the prospects for green finance in the context of digitalization. Based on a study of best practices (Green Assets Wallet, green bonds, etc.), it is concluded that digital solutions for sustainable finance are currently still not well-developed. In the future, however, their use will significantly increase investor trust in green instruments and reduce costs, in particular through digitalization of the verification process.

Cooperatives in Ukraine: Applicative Peculiarities of Legal Integration up to the EU Standards

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1789
Author(s):  
Valentyna A. VASYLIEVA ◽  
Alla V. ZELISKO ◽  
Olga I. ZOZULIAK
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Relations ◽  
The Eu

The article deals with the peculiarities of the processes of adaptation of the legal regulation of cooperatives in post-socialist states (as exemplified by Ukraine) to the requirements of the European Union. Such features are formed taking into account historical, social and economic prerequisites of the development of the modern legal framework of Ukraine. Authors are focused on problems of pecuniary autonomy of cooperatives; the possibility of its full-fledged activities as the parties to market relations; implementation of legal mechanisms that can increase competitive advantage of cooperatives in present-day conditions; increase the level of security and protection of rights and interests of cooperative members. It is proved that the effective entrepreneurial activity of the cooperative is rather compatible with the social nature of the latter, moreover – it contributes to the implementation of such a nature. Behind the arguments in favor of such an approach there is the principle declared in the practices of the European Union law – the focus of cooperatives on the affirmation of the interests of its members.

scholarly journals THE NEW EUROPEAN UNION FINANCIAL MARKET ECOSYSTEM: DIGITALIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-694
Author(s):  
Evgenia E. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Dialectical Logic ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Sustainable Financing

The article is devoted to the analysis of a new concept - the ecosystem of the financial market of the European Union. It is proved that the new ecosystem of the financial market of the European Union, aimed at the priorities of "sustainable financing" has developed and become the objective reality of new public relations. In this regard, a comparative analysis of the above issues is of particular importance. The study showed that the European Union in December 2019 presented its vision of regulating a new ecosystem of the financial market: the cornerstones of this regulation were identified - the regulation on information disclosure, the regulation of low-carbon standards, the draft regulation on taxonomy. Given the fact that the above normative acts apply not only to participants in the EU financial market, but also to third countries, Russia needs to determine its position on this issue. A lag in the legal regulation of these issues can lead to serious losses for Russian legal entities offering financial services. The purpose of the study is to form an understanding of the principles of legal regulation of sustainable financing in the European Union based on an analysis of regulatory acts and scientific sources. The article uses General scientific methods of cognition: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Private scientific methods were used: legal-dogmatic and the method of interpretation of legal norms.

scholarly journals The European Union and the United Kingdom: New Legal Framework for Cooperation

Legal Concept ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Dmitry Galushko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

Introduction: the paper analyzes the main stages of the negotiation process between the European Union and the United Kingdom on the issue of concluding a basic agreement regulating the future relations of the two parties in various areas of cooperation. The purpose of the study is to study and analyze the political and legal aspects of the negotiation process for the conclusion of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, the content of its main provisions, and the impact on the future framework of relations between the parties. Methods: in the course of the study, both general scientific methods of cognition and private legal methods (formal-legal, historicallegal) were used. Results: the paper proves that, despite all the difficulties that arose during the negotiation process throughout 2020, the parties managed to overcome numerous differences and conclude a basic agreement that outlined the future framework of relations between the EU and the UK. Conclusions: the analysis showed that the Agreement on Trade and Cooperation between the EU and the UK is unlikely to be the endpoint of the Brexit process. Although the Agreement establishes a framework for interaction on many issues, however, the parties are expected to continue to review and adjust the legal framework of the relationship, since, on the one hand, it is possible to supplement the Agreement on Trade and Cooperation with other treaties to regulate other areas of crucial importance for the parties that are not covered by the document, and on the other hand, also concerning some issues that, although settled, will soon require additional legal regulation, which indicates that the historic Brexit process is far from complete.

Determinants and barriers of PV self-consumption in Spain from the perception of the installers for the promotion of distributed energy systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
José Ángel Gimeno ◽  
Eva Llera Sastresa ◽  
Sabina Scarpellini
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Transition Scenario

Currently, self-consumption and distributed energy facilities are considered as viable and sustainable solutions in the energy transition scenario within the European Union. In a low carbon society, the exploitation of renewables for self-consumption is closely tied to the energy market at the territorial level, in search of a compromise between competitiveness and the sustainable exploitation of resources. Investments in these facilities are highly sensitive to the existence of favourable conditions at the territorial level, and the energy policies adopted in the European Union have contributed positively to the distributed renewables development and the reduction of their costs in the last decade. However, the number of the installed facilities is uneven in the European Countries and those factors that are more determinant for the investments in self-consumption are still under investigation. In this scenario, this paper presents the main results obtained through the analysis of the determinants in self-consumption investments from a case study in Spain, where the penetration of this type of facilities is being less relevant than in other countries. As a novelty of this study, the main influential drivers and barriers in self-consumption are classified and analysed from the installers' perspective. On the basis of the information obtained from the installers involved in the installation of these facilities, incentives and barriers are analysed within the existing legal framework and the potential specific lines of the promotion for the effective deployment of self-consumption in an energy transition scenario.

The European Union and Diplomatic Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Butler
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
External Action ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Second World War ◽  
First Century ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Supranational Institutions ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Eu

Not long after the establishment of supranational institutions in the aftermath of the Second World War, the early incarnations of the European Union (EU) began conducting diplomacy. Today, EU Delegations (EUDs) exist throughout the world, operating similar to full-scale diplomatic missions. The Treaty of Lisbon established the legal underpinnings for the European External Action Service (EEAS) as the diplomatic arm of the EU. Yet within the international legal framework, EUDs remain second-class to the missions of nation States. The EU thus has to use alternative legal means to form diplomatic missions. This chapter explores the legal framework of EU diplomatic relations, but also asks whether traditional missions to which the VCDR regime applies, can still be said to serve the needs of diplomacy in the twenty-first century, when States are no longer the ultimate holders of sovereignty, or the only actors in international relations.

The Law & Politics of Brexit: Volume II

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Financial Settlement ◽  
The Eu

This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of the withdrawal agreement concluded between the United Kingdom and the European Union to create the legal framework for Brexit. Building on a prior volume, it overviews the process of Brexit negotiations that took place between the UK and the EU from 2017 to 2019. It also examines the key provisions of the Brexit deal, including the protection of citizens’ rights, the Irish border, and the financial settlement. Moreover, the book assesses the governance provisions on transition, decision-making and adjudication, and the prospects for future EU–UK trade relations. Finally, it reflects on the longer-term challenges that the implementation of the 2016 Brexit referendum poses for the UK territorial system, for British–Irish relations, as well as for the future of the EU beyond Brexit.

scholarly journals Approaches to formation of strategies for development of administrative territories

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 06026
Author(s):  
Oleksii Klok ◽  
Olha Loseva ◽  
Oleksandr Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Smart Specialization ◽  
The Eu

The article studies theoretical and methodological bases of the strategic management of the development of administrative territories, considers the essence of strategic management and formulates the advantages of using it in management of administrative territory. Based on the analysis of the key provisions of the EU regional policy, the strategy of “smart specialization” is considered as the most common approach to territorial development. Using the experience of the countries of the European Union as a basis, a BPMN diagram, describing the conceptual bases for the formation of a competitive territory strategy, was built. Practical approaches to the formation of strategies for the development of administrative territories operating in Ukraine, regulatory acts, in particular, that had a direct impact on the formation of the existing model of strategic territorial management, were analyzed. The main requirements to the content of the strategic plan were considered and the list of key provisions and analytical methods (socio-economic analysis, comparative analysis, SWOT-analysis, PESTLE-analysis, sociological analysis) was formulated. Using the comparative legal analysis of the experience of the European Union as a basis, a number of features can be highlighted that must be taken into account in the process of forming the administrative territory development strategy.

Front-of-pack nutrition labelling in the European Union: a behavioural, legal and political analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Vincent DELHOMME
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Nutrition Labelling ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Legislative Proposal ◽  
The Eu

Amidst a growing interest from European Union (EU) Member States, the European Commission recently announced that it would put forward a legislative proposal for the adoption of a harmonised and mandatory front-of-pack nutrition labelling scheme at the EU level. The present contribution discusses the implications of such an adoption, taking a behavioural, legal and policy angle. It introduces first the concept of front-of-pack nutrition labelling and the existing evidence regarding its effects on consumer behaviour and dietary habits. It then presents the legal framework currently applicable to (front-of-pack) nutrition labelling in the EU and discusses some of the main political and practical aspects involved with the development of a common EU front-of-pack label.

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