scholarly journals Comprehension of Ukrainian by Estonians via Russian: Structural and extra-linguistic aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1102
Author(s):  
Anna Branets ◽  
Anna Verschik
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Predictors Of Success ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Linguistic Awareness

This study explores how people use and expand their linguistic resources in the situation when they have some proficiency in L2 and try to understand L3 that is related to L2. The focus of the study is on the comprehension of Ukrainian by Estonian L1 speakers via their proficiency in Russian (L2). This situation is labeled as mediated receptive multilingualism. The aim of this research is to investigate the role of cross-linguistic similarity (objective or perceived, in the terms of Ringbom 2007) and extra-linguistic predictors of success in comprehension. In addition to measuring the success rate, we pay attention to the participant's perspective. The experiment was conducted with 30 speakers of Estonian as L1 and included a questionnaire, C-test in Russian, three Ukrainian texts with different groups of tasks, and debriefing. In this article, we focus on the task of defining Ukrainian words from the text and on debriefing interviews. The results showed that similarity, perceived or objective, is not the only decisive factor in facilitating understanding. The participants explanations confirmed our previous findings that similarity, albeit important, is only partly responsible for successful comprehension. This became clear from the debriefing interviews. In many cases, the participants' choice was affected by a range of extra-linguistic factors: general knowledge, context, exposure to various registers of Russian, M-factor, meta-linguistic awareness, and learnability. In some instances, context and general knowledge outweighed similarity. These findings show how similarity worked together with extra-linguistic factors in facilitating successful comprehension in challenging multilingual settings.

El parecer de Agustín del amor como gracia, en la controversia con Juliano de Eclana

Augustinus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
Mathijs Lamberigts ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Divine Love ◽  
Pelagian Controversy

During the Pelagian controversy, the precise relation between grace and free will was an important issue. Augustine emphasized the priority of grace over human beings’ free will after the Fall. Pelagians such as Julian of Aeclanum were of the opinion that such view annihilated human beings’ free will. Throughout history, time and again, scholars belonging to different schools and denomina­tions have discussed this issue at length. In this article, we concentrate on Augustine’s view on love as grace during his debate with Julian. We argue that one should broaden the scope of this question and pay attention to the role of divine love as an important and decisive factor with regard to the proper activity of grace in the redemption and liberation of human beings. Thinking the relation between human beings and God in terms of love is a help in order to overcome the unfruitful grace-freewill antinomy. In fact, such approach does justice to both the Scriptural sources of Augustine’s position and the bishop’s spiritual view on the topic under consideration.

scholarly journals Towards Academic Drug Development Guidelines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Southan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Academic Development ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Small Molecule Drug

This report covers academic small-molecule drug development with a view to distilling guidelines. The first section covers research productivity feeding into commercial development before reviewing the literature on statistics of academic development It then considers differences between probes and drugs before discussing the role of author guidelines in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology journals. Resources for comprehensive compound and target cross-checking are then covered followed by comparisons between public and commercial databases including case studies of selected compounds. It concludes with an outline of new scientific developments that could increase the success rate of academic drug development.

scholarly journals Penerapan General English dan English For Specific Purposes di Perguruan Tinggi Khususnya pada Pendidikan Vokasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Rena Juliana ◽  
Reni Juliani
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
English Language ◽  
English For Specific Purposes ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
English Learning ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Subject

Abstract The increasing role of English in this era of globalization seems to force us to recognize that English has a great impact on all aspects of life, so learning the English language is a must. Previously, studying English at Indonesian universities was limited to General English or English General Purposes, which became general subjects. However, over time, learning English has been developed specifically for English for Specific Purposes. This study is intended to show how the use of English learning at universities, especially in vocational education, works. In this study, the literature study was chosen as the research method. The literature study shows that the use of General English and English for Specific Purposes in higher education is very different. Where there is no special learning material for teaching General English. The learning material usually contains general knowledge of English. Unlike English for Specific Purposes, where teaching English for Specific Purposes requires special materials that are tailored to the needs of students depending on the subject. Keywords: Use, General English, English for Specific Purposes, University, Vocational Education. __________________________ Abstrak Meningkatnya peran bahasa Inggris di era globalisasi ini seolah memaksa kita untuk mengakui bahwa bahasa Inggris mempunyai pengaruh besar di segala aspek kehidupan sehingga mempelajari bahasa Inggris merupakan hal yang wajib. Sebelumnya di Indonesia, pembelajaran bahasa Inggris di perguruan tinggi hanya sebatas General English atau English for General Purposes yang menjadi mata kuliah umum, namun seiring berjalannya waktu pembelajaran bahasa Inggris dikembangkan lagi secara khusus dalam mata kuliah English for Specific Purposes. Studi ini memiliki tujuan untuk melihat bagaimana penerapan kedua pembelajaran bahasa Inggris tersebut di perguruan tinggi khususnya pada pendidikan vokasi. Studi pustaka dipilih sebagai metode penelitian dalam studi ini. Dari studi kepustakaan tersebut diperoleh hasil bahwa penerapan General English dan English for Specific Purposes di perguruan tinggi sangatlah berbeda antara keduanya. Dimana tidak ada materi pembelajaran khusus terhadap pengajaran General English. Materi pembelajaran biasanya berisikan pengetahuan umum tentang bahasa Inggris. Beda halnya dengan English for Specific Purposes, dimana dalam pengajaran English for Specific Purpose, dibutuhkan materi khusus yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dari mahasiswa sesuai dengan bidang yang mereka ambil. Kata Kunci: Penerapan, General English, English for Specific Purposes, Perguruan Tinggi, Pendidikan Vokasi. __________________________

scholarly journals Towards Academic Drug Development Guidelines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Southan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Academic Development ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Small Molecule Drug

This report covers academic small-molecule drug development with a view to distilling guidelines. The first section covers research productivity feeding into commercial development before reviewing the literature on statistics of academic development It then considers differences between probes and drugs before discussing the role of author guidelines in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology journals. Resources for comprehensive compound and target cross-checking are then covered followed by comparisons between public and commercial databases including case studies of selected compounds. It concludes with an outline of new scientific developments that could increase the success rate of academic drug development.

Motivation trajectory of attending performing arts: the role of knowledge

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Zakia Obaidalahe ◽  
Nadia Steils
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Education ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Service ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose This study concerns the attendance motivations for cultural services based on the audience’s level of knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to define the role played by general knowledge (e.g. cultural education) and specific knowledge (e.g. communication around a cultural product) in the attendance motivation trajectory of a cultural service. Design/methodology/approach The study uses in-depth interviews with 20 visitors to two public theatres, one in Belgium and one in France. Findings The results identify a tripartite motivation in the decision to attend a performance, corresponding to four visitor segments defined according to their level of general and specific knowledge. Originality/value The recommendations arising from the study are that potential audience members be targeted according to their particular profile and that their cultural tastes be developed by raising their level of general knowledge, an element that goes beyond the suggested motivation trajectory.

Polar answers and epistemic stance in Greek conversation

Pragmatics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki Alvanoudi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Response ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
Epistemic Authority ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Epistemic Stance

Abstract This conversation analytic study examines the linguistic resources for indexing epistemic stance in second position in question sequences in Greek conversation. It targets three formats for providing affirming/confirming answers to polar questions: unmarked and marked positive response tokens, and repetitions. It is shown that the three formats display different functional distributions. Unmarked response tokens do ‘simple’ answering, marked response tokens provide overt confirmations, and repetitional answers assert the respondent’s epistemic authority besides confirming the question’s proposition. Unmarked and marked response tokens accept the questioner’s epistemic stance, whereas repetitional answers may accept or resist the epistemic terms of the question, depending on the action being implemented by the question. This study sheds light on the organization of questioning and answering in Greek conversation and the role of epistemics in the design of polar answers.

scholarly journals Role of bilateral internal iliac artery ligation in severe obstetric and gynaecological hemorrhage

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashi Lata Kabra Maheshwari ◽  
Nisha Kumari ◽  
Syed N. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Iliac Artery ◽  
Internal Iliac Artery ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Iliac Arteries ◽  
Internal Iliac Artery Ligation ◽  
Internal Iliac ◽  
Internal Iliac Arteries

Background: Massive pelvic haemorrhage is a potentially lethal complication while undergoing obstetric and gynaecological surgery. The objective of this study was to study of role of bilateral internal iliac artery ligation in severe obstetric and gynaecological haemorrhage. It was a prospective interventional study carried out in a multi-speciality tertiary care hospital in New Delhi.Methods: Thirty-five patients (31 obstetric and 4 gynaecological) fulfilling the inclusion criteria over a period of 2 years were included in the study cohort after informed consent. After laparotomy, internal iliac arteries were exposed by incising the peritoneal fold between the infundibulo-pelvic and round ligaments. A number 1 silk suture and right-angled artery forceps were used to tie the internal iliac arteries approximately 1 inch below their origin. The success and complications of the procedure were analysed.Results: In the present study 31 out of 35 cases underwent BIIAL for obstetrical cause of haemorrhage and rest 4 for gynaecological cause. In 19 out of 31 patients, hysterectomy preceded or followed BILAL depending upon the clinical situation making a uterine salvation rate of 38.7%. The success rate of BIIAL was 67.7% in 31 obstetric cases. In the 4 gynaecological cases BILAL was done to arrest post-hysterectomy haemorrhage and success rate was 100%. Among 35 patients one patient died of haemorrhagic shock and 4 other died of full blown sepsis and MODS in surgical ICU. No significant procedure related complications were encountered.Conclusions: BILAL is a very effective procedure to control PPH and pelvic haemorrhage due to other causes and helps save the much precious lives and uteri. This procedure can always be tried where procedures like embolization are unavailable.

An Assessment Method of the Integrated E-Commerce Readiness for Construction Organizations in Developing Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quangdung Tran ◽  
Dechun Huang ◽  
Changzheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Construction Organizations

A growing volume of literature proclaims the benefits of e-commerce for construction organizations in developing countries. However, it is questionable on what are determinants of a successful implementation of e-commerce in such a context. Furthermore, lacking a model or a method through which to discuss and assist for construction companies in improving their success rate of the implementation. This paper proposed such a method called the “integrated” e-commerce readiness method (IECR). In this method, the role of an organization’s perception of operating environment is highlighted, and e-readiness of an individual organization is considered as an integrated power of the internal and external resources.

scholarly journals Effective metrics for multi-robot motion-planning

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1741-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviel Atias ◽  
Kiril Solovey ◽  
Oren Salzman ◽  
Dan Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Motion Planning ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Shape Matching ◽  
Equivalence Classes ◽  
Robot Motion ◽  
Robot Motion Planning ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Multi Robot

We study the effectiveness of metrics for multi-robot motion-planning (MRMP) when using rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT)-style sampling-based planners. These metrics play the crucial role of determining the nearest neighbors of configurations and in that they regulate the connectivity of the underlying roadmaps produced by the planners and other properties such as the quality of solution paths. After screening over a dozen different metrics we focus on the five most promising ones: two more traditional metrics, and three novel ones, which we propose here, adapted from the domain of shape-matching. In addition to the novel multi-robot metrics, a central contribution of this work are tools to analyze and predict the effectiveness of metrics in the MRMP context. We identify a suite of possible substructures in the configuration space, for which it is fairly easy: (i) to define a so-called natural distance that allows us to predict the performance of a metric, which is done by comparing the distribution of its values for sampled pairs of configurations to the distribution induced by the natural distance; and (ii) to define equivalence classes of configurations and test how well a metric covers the different classes. We provide experiments that attest to the ability of our tools to predict the effectiveness of metrics: those metrics that qualify in the analysis yield higher success rate of the planner with fewer vertices in the roadmap. We also show how combining several metrics together may lead to better results (success rate and size of roadmap) than using a single metric.

‘And then we summarise in English for the others’: The lived experience of the multilingual workplace

Multilingua ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Angouri ◽  
Marlene Miglbauer
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Dominant Ideologies ◽  
Multilingual Workplace ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn multinational corporate companies, multilingualism is often a daily reality for employees and the negotiation of language practices for work and social purposes, a routine. Despite the role of English as a lingua franca, the linguistic ecology of modern workplaces is dynamic, rich and diverse. While English is often used for communication between a company’s headquarters and its subsidiaries, language choice is dynamically negotiated between the interactants in informal meetings and everyday interactions in the workplace. Against this backdrop, the article discusses the lived experience of the multinational workplace. We draw on interview data with 40 employees in senior and junior management posts in 12 companies situated in Croatia, Greece, Italy, Serbia, Sweden and the UK where English is the official corporate language. Special attention is paid to the employees’ perceptions of the role of languages in their daily work life. We focus here on three discourses that have emerged from the analysis of our data: multilingualism and the use of English, multilingualism and cosmpolitanism, and challenges and expectations of multilingualism. Our findings show that the employees draw on a range of linguistic resources in order to manage their work-related interactions, and dominant ideologies in relation to language use come to the fore. We close the article by focusing on the profile of the ‘global’ employee and the impact of the ‘modern’ workplace on the working realities of the participants.

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